I left quietly,
When I came softly;
I waved gently,
Say goodbye to the western clouds.
Golden willow by the river,
Is the bride in the sunset,
Shadows in the waves,
Ripple in my heart.
Green grass on the soft mud,
Oily, swaying at the bottom of the water;
In the gentle waves of He Kang River,
I would like to be an aquatic plant!
A pool in the shade of elm trees,
Not a clear spring, but a rainbow in the sky;
Crushed between floating algae,
Precipitate a rainbow-like dream.
Looking for dreams? Lift a long pole,
Back to the greener grass,
Full of stars,
Play songs in a starry place.
But I can't play songs,
Quiet is a farewell flute;
Summer insects are also silent for me,
Silence is Cambridge tonight!
I left quietly,
Just as I came quietly;
I waved my sleeve,
Don't take away a cloud.
The life of a poet
Xu Zhimo 1896- 193 1, formerly known as Xu, was born in Haining, Zhejiang. The pen names Yun Zhonghe and Nanhu are famous poets and essayists.
Xu Zhimo 19 18 After graduating from Shanghai Hujiang University, he went to the United States to study, and then went to Cambridge University in London to meet Rousseau and get a master's degree. After returning to China, he successively served as a professor of Peking University and Tsinghua University, and concurrently as a professor of Nanjing Central University. 1923, Wen Yiduo, Hu Shi, Liang Shiqiu and others initiated the establishment of the Crescent Society. Tagore visited China on 1924. He volunteered as an interpreter and accompanied him to visit Japan. 1927 Established Crescent Bookstore and Crescent Books in Shanghai. 193 1 was the editor-in-chief of Poetry magazine. 165438+1October 19 was killed in a plane crash on the way from Nanjing to Peiping.
He is the author of poetry anthology Zhimo, Cold Night Cui, Tiger, etc.
Xu Zhimo is a rare poet, full of poetic sentiment, changeable structure and brave in innovation. When he spoke, there was a sense of pride in his throat that was not unique to a real poet. He dared to say "Don't pinch me, it hurts", he dared to write "Thought was raped by socialism", and he dared to catch up with the train. ..... Among the modern poets in China, Xu Zhimo is really a poet who can be called "all kinds of poets come prepared". He is good at winning competitions in dialogue, narration and Don Juan style. ..... In amazement, there are only four words left: a skillful craftsman-of course, a real poet is not necessarily a great poet, just as a real villain is not a villain.
Second, the writing background
"Cambridge" is now translated as "Cambridge", which is the abbreviation of Cambridge University in Britain. The school was founded in 1209 and consists of dozens of colleges. From 192 1 to study there the following year and bid farewell to Cambridge. 1925 wrote what I know about Cambridge after roaming Europe. 1928, and traveled to Japan, the United States, Britain and other countries. 165438+ In October, I wrote Farewell to Cambridge.
Third, read poetry aloud.
Specific reading pause and rereading:
//Pause () the rhythm
(Gently)//I (left), just as I//(gently) came;
I waved goodbye (gently) to//(Cloud).
The//(golden willow) by the river is the//(bride) in the sunset;
The (erotic shadow) in the (sparkling) is in my (heart)//(rippling).
On the soft mud (green grass), (oily)//under the water (ostentatious);
In He Kanghe's (gentle wave), I (willingly)//be a (water plant).
The (that) (pool) under the shade of the elm tree is not a clear spring, but a rainbow in the sky.
Crushed in (floating algae), there is//(rainbow)-like (dream) precipitation.
(dreaming)? Take a pole (long pole) and swim to a greener place on the grass//,
(Full load) A boat (Xinghui), in Xinghui (gorgeous)//(singing).
(But) I (can't) play this song, (quietly) it's farewell;
Summer bug is also for me (silence), (silence)//Yes (Cambridge) (tonight)!
(quietly)//(I left), just like//I (quietly) (came);
I waved (the sleeve) and took//(a piece)/(a cloud).
The teacher demonstrates reading, and then the students read together, in groups and individually.
Clear:
1. The poet regards Cambridge as "a rare bosom friend", "the fountain of life" and "the hometown of spiritual attachment". Farewell to Cambridge selects a representative image of landscape formation to express his love and attachment to his alma mater.
First, "Golden Willow", a willow tree by the river, was dyed golden by the sunset, like a bride with heavy makeup. Its beautiful shadow was reflected in the waves of Jianhe River and rippled in the poet's mind.
Second, the green "green grass" seems to wave to the poet in the clear and soft waves of He Kang, and the poet is willing to be such a water plant.
The third is "clear spring", under the shade of elm trees, like a rainbow in the sky, a rainbow-like dream is precipitated.
The fourth is: "Long pole", supporting a boat of starlight, wandering to greener grassland, dreaming and singing.
2. Beautiful artistic conception:
"But I can't play a song." Since ancient times, amorous feelings hurt parting. "Quietly is a farewell flute." From the sunset to the boat full of stars, the poet stayed in He Kang for a long time, but he still left. I still come gently, walk gently, come gently, walk gently. Even summer is a bug, lest I be more sad when I leave people. Wave your sleeves and bid farewell to Cambridge quietly.
In the poem 1, the word "gently" is used three times, and the last two sentences use "quietly" three times, which further exaggerates the atmosphere we are leaving and produces a gentle and elegant aesthetic feeling.
3. The structural beauty of A Farewell to Cambridge;
The whole poem consists of 7 sections, with 4 lines in each section and 6 to 8 words in each line. The first words of the two lines are lower than one grid, and the poems are even and changeable.
4. The beauty of music:
The rhythm is mostly three beats per sentence. The rhyme is exquisite and delicate, resulting in the beauty of harmony and roundness.
The rhyme of the whole poem is two lines intertwined or connected. The double lines of each section rhyme, and basically every section changes rhyme.
One line is more flexible, with some rhymes, such as "singing" and "silence" in the sixth section, and two lines are interlaced with "Sheng" and "Cambridge"; Some plates are linked back and forth, such as 1 plate "Piaopiao", plate 2 "Jinliu", plate 2 "Yan Ying" and plate 3 "Qingyi".
Sometimes double lines and single lines are connected, such as "dream" at the end of section 4 and "dream-seeking" at the beginning of section 5, "singing" at the end of section 5 and the first line of section 6, the truth of two "silences" in section 6, and the repetition and care at the beginning and end of section 1 and section 7 all constitute the aesthetic feeling of music.
This poem was written in 1928, 165438 on June 6, and first appeared in New Moon 1928, 10, with the signature of Xu Zhimo. Cambridge, the seat of the famous Cambridge University in Britain. 1June 920 to1October 1922, the poet studied here. The Cambridge period was a turning point in Xu Zhimo's life. The poet wrote in Tiger? The preface was written by director Chen: before the age of 24, his interest in poetry was far less than that in relativity or civil contract theory. It was the water of He Kang that opened the poet's soul and awakened the poet's long-sleeping fate. So he later said with deep affection, "Cambridge taught me to broaden my horizons. My thirst for knowledge was aroused by Cambridge, and my self-awareness was given to me by Cambridge." (Smoking and Culture)
1928, the poet revisited his old place. 1On October 6th, he wrote this masterpiece on his way home from Nanhai. This poem was first published in1February, 928, New Moon Monthly, Volume 10, and later included in Tiger Collection. It can be said that "Cambridge plot" runs through Xu Zhimo's poems all his life; Farewell to Cambridge is undoubtedly the most famous one.
Section 1 of Farewell to Cambridge is about thousands of parting worries of long-lost students when they leave their alma mater. The use of the three words "tenderness" makes us feel that the poet seems to stand on tiptoe, like a breeze, quietly swinging away; And the deepest affection, in the tide, has become a "floating cloud in the west." Verses 2 to 6 describe the poet boating on the He Kang River in search of his dreams. The golden willows covered with sunset glow, the green grass on the soft mud and the pool under the shade of the tree all come into view. The two metaphors are quite accurate: the first one boldly imagines the "golden willow by the river" as a "bride in the sunset", which makes the dead scenery become a living thing, warm and pleasant; The second is that the clear pool water is suspected to be a "rainbow in the sky", but it has been crushed by floating algae and turned into a "rainbow-like dream". It is in "Crazy in Love" that poets, such as Zhuang Zhoumeng Butterfly, are interested in things and me, feel that "beautiful shadows are rippling in my heart" and are willing to be the swaying water plants in the gentle waves of He Kanghe. This good structure of the unity of subject and object is not only a wonderful hand, but also a painstaking effort; In verses 5 and 6, the poet opens up a new artistic conception. Borrowing the four refrain "Dream/Dream", "A boat full of starlight,/Singing in the starlight", "Singing,/But I can't sing" and "Summer insects are silent for me/silence is the Cambridge tonight", the whole poem is pushed to a climax, just like the He Kang River, full of twists and turns! And his madness of singing in greener grass and bright stars has not been realized. At this time, silence and silence are better than many love words! The last section has three "quietness" corresponding to the first cycle. Come smartly, go smartly. With a wave of his sleeve, what shook off? Needless to say. Why take away a cloud when you've been in Cambridge once? The whole poem is the best description of Xu Zhimo's "poetic life" in one go. Hu Shi once said: "His outlook on life is really a' simple belief', and there are only three big characters in it: one is love, the other is freedom, and the third is beauty. He dreams that these three ideal conditions can be met in his life, which is his' simple belief'. The history of his life is only the history of his pursuit of this simple belief. " (In memory of Xu Zhimo) If so, isn't the poet's wandering by the He Kang River a microcosm of this pursuit? Xu Zhimo advocates artistic poetry. He deeply admired Yiduo's poetic ideas of beauty in music, painting and architecture, especially in music. He even said, "... only when we understand that the life of poetry lies in its internal rhythm can we appreciate the true interest of poetry: no matter how noble your thoughts are and how passionate your emotions are, you must be completely" musicalized "(that is, poetic) to gain an understanding of poetry ..." (Poetry Publishing Holiday).
On the other hand, this poem "Biekangqiao": the whole poem consists of seven sections, four lines each, two meals each, eclectic, rigorous, rhyming strictly, two or four rhymes, cadence and catchy. This beautiful rhythm ripples like ripples, which is not only the voice of pious students seeking dreams, but also conforms to the ebb and flow of poets' emotions and has a unique aesthetic pleasure. The seven verses are strewn at random, and the rhythm spreads slowly in them, which is quite a poet's temperament of "white robe and thin suburban island". It can be said that it embodies Xu Zhimo's poetic beauty thought.