It is still the moon and border pass in Qin and Han dynasties, and the enemy has fought a protracted war.
But make Longcheng fly, and don't teach Huma to cross Huayin Mountain.
This is a masterpiece, and Li Panlong, a poet in Ming Dynasty, once praised it as a masterpiece of Tang Dynasty. Shen Deqian in Qing Dynasty said in On Poetry: "In the chapter" Bright Moon in Qin Dynasty ",the predecessors pushed the prize instead of making it wonderful. Protecting the teacher was exhausted and failed, so it was not his fault; When the general flew to the edge to make preparations, the bonfire on the edge went out on its own, that is, Gao Changshi's "Travel" returned to "everyone called General Li". The fortification of the city began in the Qin and Han Dynasties, the bright moon returned to Qin, the customs returned to Han, and the poems were intertextual. " He criticized this passage of Li Panlong, only praising the poem without telling the truth, but he only explained the main idea of the whole poem and did not point out the author's ingenuity.
The theme of the whole poem summarized by Shen Shi is basically correct, but the idea of this theme is very general. Why can such an ordinary idea be written into a masterpiece?
It turns out that there is a most beautiful and intriguing poem in this poem, which is the first sentence at the beginning: "There is a bright moon in Qin, and there is a break in Han". What is the beauty of this poem? We must start with this poem. The title of this poem is "Out of the Castle", which is a clear Yuefu poem. Yuefu poetry is to be composed into music and widely sung. In order to be set to music and sung, some words are often used in practice. Wang Changling's poems are no exception. Look at the words "bright moon" and "Guan" at the beginning of this sentence, which are very common words to describe the frontier fortress in Yuefu poems. Isn't Guan Shanyue included in Yuefu poems and cross-wind songs? "Yuefu Solution" said: "Guan Shanyue, it is also sad to leave." Whether it is to make people homesick or to miss their wives, they are often inseparable from the words "Guan" and "Yue". "In March and May, visitors remember Qinchuan" (Guan Shanyue by Xu Ling), "The mountains in jathyapple are bright, and the autumn scenery shines on the lonely city" (Guan Shanyue by Wang Bao), "If you can't cross the mountains, who can sit on the Fangfeiyue" (Join the Army by Lu Sidao), "The bright moon in Longtou is near the city gate, and pedestrians in Gansu play the flute at night". Seeing this clearly, you will understand the novelty and wonder of this poem, that is, before the words "bright moon" and "Guan", two time qualifiers "Qin" and "Han" are added. In this way, when writing thousands of years ago and thousands of miles away, it naturally formed a unique artistic conception. Borrowing the word "thriving, lofty and straight" used in previous generation's poetry criticism, readers naturally associate the border pass under the bright moon with the long history of Hu Jianguan in Qin Dynasty and a series of wars between Han Dynasty and Hu people. That's it. The "people who have not returned from the Long March" are not only contemporary people, but also tragedies of generations since Qin and Han Dynasties. I hope that there will be "Dragon City Flying Generals" on the border who "don't teach Huma to cross the Yinshan Mountain", not only people in the Han Dynasty, but also people from generation to generation have the same wish. Ordinary Tragedy and Ordinary Hope both show extraordinary significance because of the appearance of the two time qualifiers "Qin" and "Han" in the first sentence. This poem is high-pitched and magnificent enough to control the whole article.
The beauty of poetry, the beauty of poetic language, is often manifested in seemingly ordinary words, or in the fact that seemingly ordinary words are used in the most accurate and critical places. These places often best reflect the poet's superb artistic attainments.
(Liao Zhongan)
(Note) ① Longcheng: or interpreted as the place where Xiongnu worships heaven, whose hometown is near Chaidamu Lake in Hu Shuo on the west side of the present Mongolian and Erhun River; Or interpreted as Lulongcheng, in the area near xifengkou, Hebei Province today, was ruled by Youbeiping County in the Han Dynasty. "Biography of General Li in Historical Records" said: "Living in right Beiping, the Huns heard about it, and General posthumous title Hanfei avoided it for several years and dared not enter right Beiping." The latter solution is more reasonable. ② Yinshan Mountain: In the middle of Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region today.