Open a big yuan, traitors monopolize power, and talk nonsense to turn money into a curse, resulting in millions of red scarves. Taxes are exorbitant, the criminal law is too heavy, and the people complain. To the point where people eat people. When did you see the change of money? A thief is an official, an official is a thief, and he is a fool. Alas, what a pity!
According to Tao's record of dropping out of farming in Nancun, "Drunk Peace" is flawed. I don't know who did it. From Beijing to Jiangnan, everyone can say it. The ancients often used alley songs because they were related to the world. Today, these words hit the nail on the head, so I recorded them in order to learn from the folk customs. " It can be seen that this Sanqu generally reflected the extreme resentment of the people in the Yuan Dynasty against tyranny at that time, so it spread like wildfire and spread all over the country, which played a great role in exposing the political darkness at that time and had a far-reaching political impact.
The biggest feature of this Sanqu is that it is outspoken, hitting the nail on the head, swearing and crying with joy. The first four sentences were on the first floor, and they went straight to Huanglongfu, exposing three major political abuses at that time: nonsense, changing banknotes, and traitors seizing power, which led to peasant uprisings of the Red Scarf Army everywhere. In the 11th year of Zheng Zhi, Yuan Shundi (135 1), the imperial court recruited a large number of migrant workers to control the Yellow River, and the migrant workers held an uprising because they could not stand the insults of the officials who supervised the river management. Being able to talk is a good thing, but it has become a bad thing that wastes people's money and causes people's disgust. Changing banknotes is a banknote law-"orthogonal banknote law" promulgated by Yuan Shundi in ten years. During Kublai Khan's reign in the early Yuan Dynasty, paper money was promulgated, which was called "Unified Payment of Paper Money Law". Although gold and silver are used as paper money, officials practice favoritism and malpractice by selling counterfeit money, and the people suffer greatly. "Over the years, the money law has been out of space, the price is too expensive, the number of traitors is increasing day by day, and the people are living in poverty" (The Change of the Money Law). In this unsustainable situation, we have to change the old paper money method and cast the "highest Bao Tong" currency as the paper money book. But in fact, the "orthogonal banknote method" is an unfulfilled paper standard. As a result of printing and matching, inflation has been caused, and paper money has been seriously devalued and turned into a pile of waste paper. According to the New Edition of Yuan History, "the price is ten times more expensive after a long time." "There is chaos in the sea, and it is for the army to store and reward. There are countless prints every day. Ships and cars are loaded, and materials (that is, banknotes) are scattered all over the world. Ten-ingot banknotes in Beijing are easy to take. " The harm of yuan dynasty paper money is nothing more than this!
In the Yuan Dynasty, officials were corrupt and perverted the law, yes-men were rampant, and the people hung upside down without darkness. From Zhongshu Province, Privy Council, Yushitai to local provinces, officials are all Mongolians, and class oppression and ethnic oppression are carried out at the same time, resulting in an unprecedented number of unjust imprisonment. "Yuan Zhang Dian's Punishment II" said: "Today's officials don't care about the punishment of the holy court. I don't consider kindness and forgiveness, but I am strict. Every time I ask a question in prison, I don't check whether there is a theft or not, I don't judge the credible plot, or I'm afraid I won't be held responsible for the thief, or I'm greedy for the inspection, or I'm partial, or I don't report my revenge, no matter how serious it is, I have to slap and rob and be strict with myself. Abuse of prisoners is extremely painful. The word sports, why not, leads to innocent death. " Only in the seventh year of Yuan Chengzong Dade (1303), 18,473 corrupt officials were found at one time, 45,865 ingots of silver were stolen, and 5,176 cases of unjust imprisonment were found. At that time, Premier Bo Yan was the biggest corrupt official. According to the Record of Dropping Out of Farming, "In the Yuan Dynasty, Bo Yan, the prime minister and a university student, was insatiable, moved to the flower pond in Dalu, Nan 'en, died in prosperity, and sent a coffin to a guest house. The comedian wrote on the wall cloud:' 100 million ingots are not enough, and gold and silver are piled up by the Beidou; It's a pity that the great teacher doesn't have the wisdom of foresight and won't send some money to the grave. "
According to the above situation, we can see that Sanqu summed up the disadvantages at that time very accurately. Faced with such a dark hell on earth, the people have no choice but to rise up and seek a way out. Isn't the weak nature of "openness" exposed?
"The official law is excessive, the criminal law is heavy, and the people complain." Three sentences is the second floor. "Excessive officials and laws" refers to the excessive sealing of local officials in the Yuan Dynasty, with officials and overlapping beds, and the people suffered greatly. The official system of the Yuan Dynasty: the Tao set up a general manager and a general, the government set up a magistrate or magistrate, and the county set up a county Yin; However, it is stipulated that a member of Luda Huachi should also be the chief executive of the province, prefecture and county. In A.D. 1265, the imperial edict said, "Mongolians fill in the roads and flowers, Han people fill in the managers, and Hui people fill in the tongzhi, which is always customized." In this way, the great scholar Huachi became a special official above local officials, which is a remarkable symbol of class oppression and national oppression. "Criminal law is heavy" means that there are many laws and regulations in the Yuan Dynasty and the criminal law is strict. According to the Criminal Law of the History of Yuan Dynasty, there are five kinds of punishments in Yuan Dynasty: punishment, stick, apprentice, exile and death penalty, as well as ten evils, official system, great evil, treachery and thief fraud. Brutal officials are everywhere and corrupt officials are like hair. How can you not be angry?
"People eat people, money to buy money. Have you seen it? " Third floor. Due to years of floods, droughts and famines, people in Henan, Hebei, Shandong and other places have no food to eat, and finally the tragedy of "man eating man" occurred. The corruption of paper money law leads to the devaluation of paper money and becomes waste paper. People don't want to use them, while profiteers take the opportunity to make profits, speculate and buy banknotes with banknotes. These are rare phenomena in history, so the poet angrily asked "What have you seen".
The last four sentences, "A thief is an official, an official is a thief, and the virtuous and the foolish are mixed. Hey! " As the fourth layer, officials and thieves have different names. In fact, the decadent phenomenon of a family has been exposed to the nail on the head, which is really fierce. Zhuangzi has long said: "Whoever steals a hook will be punished, whoever steals a country will be punished, and the door of a vassal will be benevolent." Corrupt officials in the Yuan Dynasty were especially hateful. They take bribes and bend the law by hook or by crook, which has developed to the point of being blatant and merciless. For example, Zhang Jue, a corrupt official in Guan Hanqing's zaju "Lu Zhai Lang", said: "You can take money from people with state money, and you can take care of your parents and your wife there." "I was forced to sell my silver head, and I wore my gold head. I sent the old house to live in a new house. " Is it inappropriate to call such a corrupt official a thief?
This Sanqu is also quite distinctive in rhetoric. For example, "people eat people, money buys money." The sentence "A thief is an official, an official is a thief, and a wise man is a fool" is a successful application. It combines duality, palindrome and truth in one furnace, adding banter and irony to the language.