Where are my wife and son? There is not a trace of sadness on their faces. However, I packed my books and poems crazily.
On a green spring day, I began to go home, singing my songs loudly and drinking my wine.
Come back from this mountain, pass another mountain, go up from the south and then go north-to my own town! .
[Edit this paragraph] Author's brief introduction Du Fu (7 12-770), with beautiful words, was a great poet in the prosperous Tang Dynasty, and his poems were called "the history of poetry". Originally from Xiangyang, Hubei Province, Gong County, Henan Province. Du Zhisun, a poet in the early Tang Dynasty. Tang Suzong, Official Left Addendum. After he entered Shu, he was recommended by his friends as a staff officer of Ren Jiannan Drug Rehabilitation Center, and Yuan Wailang was appointed as the school's engineering department. Therefore, later generations also called him Du Shiyi and Du Gongbu. And Li Bai, a great poet in the Tang Dynasty, are called "Du Li".
Du Fu is good at using many systems of classical poetry and creatively developing them. He is the pioneer of the new Yuefu poetry style. His Yuefu poems contributed to the development of the new Yuefu movement in the middle Tang Dynasty. His "May 7th" ancient novel, which is also a history of poetry, begins to narrate and focus on the whole story, marking the high achievement of China's poetry art. Du Fu also showed extraordinary creativity in the May 7th law, and accumulated complete artistic experience in the aspects of temperament, antithesis and refining words and sentences, which made this genre reach a fully mature stage.
Du Fu lived in the historical period from prosperity to decline in the Tang Dynasty, and his poems were mostly about social unrest, political darkness and people's sufferings. His poems are known as "epics". Du Fu is concerned about the country and the people, with noble personality and exquisite poetic skills. Du Fu wrote more than 1400 poems in his life, many of which are famous works that have been handed down through the ages, such as Three Officials, Three Farewells and Du Gongbu Collection. Among them, the "three officials" are Shi Haoguan, Xin 'an official and Tongguan official, and the "three farewell" are newly married, homeless and resigned. Du Fu's poems were the most widely circulated in the Tang Dynasty, and he was one of the most outstanding poets in the Tang Dynasty, which had a far-reaching influence on later generations.
Du Fu and Du Mu are distant relatives, both descendants of Du Yu, the general who destroyed Sun Wu in Jin Dynasty.
Du Fu (712-770) studied and traveled before the age of 35. During the Tianbao period, he went to Chang 'an and had no way to join the army. After ten years of hardships, he won a small position in which you Wei led Cao to join the army. At the beginning of An Shi Rebellion, he was exiled and captured by the rebels. After getting out of danger, the official got a left pickup truck. In the second year of Gan Yuan (759), he abandoned his official position and went west. Finally he went to Sichuan and settled in Chengdu. He once played Yuan Wailang in Jiannan Our Time Yanwu, so he was also named Du Gongbu. In his later years, his family moved eastward, staying in Kuizhou for two years and leaving the gorge. Wandering in Hubei and Hunan, he died of poverty and illness. Zi Mei lived in the historical period from prosperity to decline in the Tang Dynasty. Her poems are mostly about social unrest, political darkness and people's sufferings, which is called "the history of poetry". He is concerned about the country and the people, with noble personality and exquisite poetic skills. Du Fu is good at using many systems of classical poetry and creatively developing them. He is the pioneer of the new Yuefu poetry style. His Yuefu poems contributed to the development of the new Yuefu movement in the middle Tang Dynasty. His "May 7th" ancient novel, which is also a history of poetry, begins to narrate and focus on the whole story, marking the high achievement of China's poetry art. Du Fu also showed extraordinary creativity in the May 7th law, and accumulated complete artistic experience in the aspects of temperament, antithesis and refining words and sentences, which made this genre reach a fully mature stage. Du Gongbu has been handed down from generation to generation. The core of Du Fu's thought is the Confucian thought of benevolent government. He has a great ambition of "making the monarch Yao and Shun superior first, and then making the customs pure". He loves life, people and the great rivers and mountains of the motherland. He hated evil, criticized and exposed the corruption of the imperial court and the dark phenomenon in social life. He sympathized with the people and even fantasized that he was willing to make self-sacrifice to save their suffering. Therefore, his poetry creation always runs through the main line of worrying about the country and the people, which shows Du Fu's greatness. His poems are rich in social content, rich in the color of the times and distinctive in political inclination, which truly and profoundly reflect the political current affairs and broad social life prospect of a historical era before and after the An Shi Rebellion, and are called the "history of poetry" of a generation. The style of Du Fu's poems is basically "gloomy and frustrated", and the language and text structure are full of changes, emphasizing the refinement of words and sentences. At the same time, his poems have many styles. Besides the five ancient poems, the seven ancient poems, the five laws and the seven laws, he also wrote many lines. There are also various artistic techniques, which are the epitome of the ideological art of Tang poetry. Du Fu also inherited the spirit of Yuefu in Han and Wei Dynasties, got rid of the shackles of the ancient Yuefu themes and created many new Yuefu themes, such as the famous Three Officials and Three Farewells. After his death, he was highly praised by Huang Fan, Han Yu, Yuan Zhen and Bai Juyi. Du Fu's poems had a far-reaching influence on Bai Yuan's literary thought of "New Yuefu Movement" and Li Shangyin's near-body allegorical current affairs poems. However, Du Fu's poems were widely valued after the Song Dynasty. Yu Wang, Wang Anshi, Su Shi, Huang Tingjian, Lu You and others highly praised Du Fu, while Wen Tianxiang regarded Du Fu's poems as a spiritual force to adhere to national integrity. The influence of Du Fu's poems, from ancient times to the present, has long gone beyond the scope of literature and art. For details of his life, see Old Tang Book 190. This is Du Gongbu. Three Officials and Three Farewells are the representative works of Du Fu's realistic poems. It truly describes the thoughts, feelings, actions and language of county officials, customs officials, old women, old people, brides, husbands and others in a specific environment, vividly reflects the social reality of that period and the profound disasters and pains of working people, and shows people tragic life tragedies. In these descriptions of the hardships of life, on the one hand, the poet has deep sympathy for the people who have suffered greatly, and hates the enslavement and persecution of the people by officials; On the other hand, he supported the counter-insurgency war of the dynasty and hoped that the people would suffer hardships and cooperate with the dynasty to put down the rebellion. This complex and contradictory thought accords with the poet's thought of worrying about the country and the people. [Edit this paragraph] The news of recovering Jibei suddenly spread everywhere outside Jianmenguan. On hearing the good news, tears quickly soaked my clothes.
Looking back at his wife and children, I don't know where their worries have gone. I rolled up my poems and books at random, and I was almost crazy with joy.
I want to sing loudly and drink wine on sunny days. The beautiful spring scenery just accompanied me back to my hometown.
I'm going to cross Wuxia from the dam immediately, and then abandon the ship and go back to my hometown Luoyang via Xiangyang. [Edit this paragraph] Metric ○ Pingsheng ● Pingsheng ⊙ Pinke △ Yunping ▲ Yun Yun
The rhyme of this book is: seven yang; Can "Three Rivers and Seven Suns" pass?
The news of this distant western station! The north has been recovered! At first, I couldn't stop crying on my coat.
● ● ● ⊙ ⊙ ● ●, ○ ⊙ ● ● ● ⊙ △ 。
Where are my wife and son? There is not a trace of sadness on their faces. However, I packed my books and poems crazily.
● ⊙ ⊙ ● ○ ○ ●, ⊙ ⊙ ○ ○ ● ● △。
On a green spring day, I began to go home, singing my songs loudly and drinking my wine.
● ● ● ○ ○ ⊙ ●, ○ ○ ● ● ● ○ △ 。
Come back from this mountain, pass another mountain, go up from the south and then go north-to my own town! .
● ⊙ ○ ● ⊙ ○ ●, ⊙ ● ○ ○ ● ● △ 。 [Edit this paragraph] Note 1. Smell: I heard.
2. Official army: refers to the army of the Tang Dynasty.
3. Receive: resume.
4. Hebei, Henan: the rebel base during the Anshi Rebellion in the Tang Dynasty. In 763 AD, it was recovered by loyal ministers.
5. Outside the sword gate: outside the sword gate, this refers to Sichuan. Du Fu lived in Sichuan at that time.
6. Northern Hebei: Today, northern Hebei is the base camp of the rebels.
7. Tears: Tears.
8. But look: look back.
9. Wife: wife and children.
10. worry: worry.
1 1. Scroll: Scroll up randomly. I'm too happy to watch it.
12. ecstasy: I'm going crazy with joy.
13. Indulge: Indulge in drinking.
14. Youth refers to the scenery in spring. The author imagines going home in spring with pleasant scenery.
15. Accompanying: It means that you can accompany me in spring.
16. Three Gorges: One of the Three Gorges of the Yangtze River, located in the upper reaches of Jialing River. [ 1]
17. Wuxia: One of the Three Gorges of the Yangtze River, at the junction of Sichuan and Hubei.
18. Xiangyang: This belongs to Hubei.
19. Luoyang: This is an ancient city in Henan.
20. daytime: daytime.
2 1. that is, from: immediately from ... to. ...
22. Sing: Sing loudly.
23. wear: wear. [Edit this paragraph] Explain that the Anshi Rebellion brought great disasters to the country and people. Du Fu has long been looking forward to putting down the Anshi Rebellion at an early date, and then returning to his long-missed hometown. When the day finally came, he was so excited that he cried with joy. The first four sentences range from "sudden biography" to "first smell" and then to "look" and "roll". Several consecutive actions vividly describe the author's surprise mood. The last four sentences try to describe the excitement of "ecstasy" through imagination: he not only wants to sing loudly and drink loudly, but also wants to return to his hometown immediately in a beautiful spring. It can be seen from the four place names he listed in one breath that his heart has already flown away along this route! [Edit this paragraph] Question discussion Q: Book 12 of Nine-year Compulsory Education and Six-year Primary School Chinese by People's Education Edition recites Shangyuan West Station! The north has been recovered! In "Both banks of the Yellow River were recaptured by the Imperial Army", "At first, I couldn't stop crying on my coat". Do you want to study Shang or Chang?
A: The words in ancient Chinese are mainly monosyllabic, while those in modern Chinese are mainly disyllabic. Therefore, we should pay special attention not to treat two monosyllabic words as one disyllabic word in the teaching of ancient poetry.
At first, I couldn't stop tears from pouring down my coat. The word "clothes" in this sentence is two monosyllabic words, meaning "clothes" and "clothes". In ancient times, "clothing" meant coat; The pronunciation of "Shang" is cháng, which refers to the clothes covering the lower body. Just like today's shorts, both men and women can wear them.
In modern Chinese, the word "clothes" is disyllabic and the word "clothes" is light tone. Reading Shang. There is no word "Yi" in ancient Chinese, so the word "shang" can be pronounced as cháng, but not as Shang.
Similarly, "Where are my wife and my son? The sadness on their faces. " There are also two words in this poem, meaning "wife and children", and some materials are translated into "wife (wife) son". So the "zi" here reads zǐ, not softly.
At first, I couldn't stop tears from flowing on my coat. The word "tears" in this sentence means tears. Snoring is crying, not a runny nose. This word doesn't mean tears either, because the word "tears" here should be made into nouns instead of verbs. [Edit this paragraph] Appreciate this poem, which was written in the spring of the first year of Guangde in Tang Daizong (763), and it is also the first quick poem in the author's life. The author is 52 years old. In the winter of the first year of Baoying (762), Tang Jun won a great victory in Hengshui near Luoyang, and recovered Luoyang, Zheng (now Zhengzhou, Henan) and Bian (now Kaifeng, Henan). The rebel leaders Xue Song and Zhang Zhongzhi surrendered one after another. In the second year, that is, in the first month of the first year of Guangde, Shi Siming's son Shi Chaoyi was defeated and hanged himself, and his troops surrendered to Tian and Li Huaixian one after another. Du Fu, who lives in Zizhou (now Santai, Sichuan), heard the news and wrote this masterpiece with passionate pen and ink.
In this poem, Du Fu notes: "I am in Tokyo". The theme of the poem is to express the joy of suddenly hearing that the rebellion has been put down and rushing back to my hometown. "The news of this distant western station! The north has been taken back! " The rapid rise just shows the suddenness of good news. "Outside the sword" is the location of the poet, and "North Hebei" is the home of the Anshi Rebellion, in the northeast of Hebei Province today. The poet has been wandering outside the sword for many years, trying to prepare his taste, but he can't return to his hometown, because the "Jibei" has not been collected and the Anshi rebellion has not been settled. Now, "suddenly spread the thistle to the north",
It's like a sudden spring thunder, a sudden flash of mountain torrents, and a sudden torrent of surprises in generate, which suddenly opened the floodgates of pent-up emotions, bursting out and surging. "At first, I couldn't stop tears from flowing down my coat" was the first wave of this emotional torrent of surprise.
"First smell" followed by "sudden biography". "Sudden transmission" shows that the good news came too suddenly, while "tears full of clothes" is vivid, showing the emotional waves aroused by the sudden good news at the moment of "first hearing", which is a realistic performance of mixed happiness and sorrow. "Jibei" has been collected, the war will be over, and the scars of Gan Kun and the suffering of Li Yuan will be cured. I was personally displaced and hated other hard times, and finally got through it. How can I not be happy! However, after drawing a lesson from a painful experience, I can't help but feel sad and can't help it. However, this catastrophe finally passed like a nightmare. I can go back to my hometown and people will start a new life. So I turn grief into joy again, in heaven. The psychological changes and complex feelings of the First News at that time, if written in prose, need a lot of pen and ink, and the poet only uses the word "tears full of skirts" to describe the image, which is enough to sum up all this.
The second couplet turned to inheritance and settled in "ecstasy", which is a higher flood peak of the emotional torrent of surprise. "Looking at the wife" and "reading poetry" are two continuous actions, which have a certain causal relationship. When I am sad and happy, I naturally think of my wife and children who have suffered together for many years. "Looking at it" means "looking back". The action of "looking back" is very meaningful. The poet seems to want to say something to his family, but he doesn't know where to start. Actually, there is no need to say anything. I don't know where the haze that has enveloped the whole family for many years has gone. My relatives are no longer sad, but smiling. The joy of relatives in turn increases their own joy. They no longer have no intention of bending over their desks, so they roll up their poetry books and share the joy of victory.
The couplets of "Loud my song, Deep my wine, Start my home on a green spring day" further describe "ecstasy". "daytime" means that people have reached old age. Old people rarely "sing" and should not "indulge in wine"; Nowadays, we should not only "sing" but also "indulge in wine", which is a concrete manifestation of "ecstasy". This sentence was written in a "crazy" state, and the next sentence was written in a "crazy" thinking. "Youth" refers to spring. Spring has arrived, and it is time to "go home" with his wife and children among flowers, birds, fish and insects. Thought of here, how can you not be "ecstatic"!
The fantasy of writing "Let me go home on that green spring day" on the tail couplet is flying. I am in Zizhou, but my heart has returned to my hometown in a flash. The emotional flood of surprise rolled up after the flood peak, and the whole poem ended. This couplet contains four place names. "Baxia", "Wuxia", "Xiangyang" and "Luoyang" are all dual (in-sentence pairs), which form a neat pair of place names; And the combination of "slave" and "slave" is a pair of flowing fresh water. Coupled with the dynamics of "wear" and "direction" and the repetition of two "gorge" and two "yang", the style and tone of writing are as fast as lightning, which accurately shows the flying imagination. Imagine the distance between the four places, namely, Basha, Wuxia, Xiangyang and Luoyang. "As soon as the words" from ","wear ","get off "and" Xiang "appear," come back from this mountain, climb another mountain, come up from the south, and then go north-to my own town! " Appear, blink one by one. What needs to be pointed out here is that the poet not only expresses imagination, but also depicts reality. From "under the dam" to "Wu gorge", the gorge is dangerous and narrow, and the boat is like a shuttle, so it is used to wear; When I left Wuxia to Xiangyang, I drove downstream quickly, so I used "Xia"; From "Xiangyang" to "Luoyang", the land was changed, so the word "Xiang" was used with high accuracy.
This poem, except the first narrative topic, all other sentences are expressions of surprise after suddenly hearing the news of victory. Wan Hu spring, gushing from the chest, rushed down. Qiu quoted in Detailed Notes on Du Shaoling Collection: "This poem is beaming with joy, full of twists and turns. Without makeup, the simpler the more real. Others must never tell the truth. " Poetics in later generations spoke highly of this poem, praising it as "the first quick poem in Lao Du's life".
The feeling of eating and drinking is like a raging river, and the language is bright and clear. He writes freely, does not wear makeup, and every sentence is happy. Pu Qilong of A Qing Dynasty called Lao Du's "the first poem in life" ("Reading Du Xinjie")
Appreciation of famous sentences-"On a green spring day, I began to go home"
This is Du Fu's masterpiece, which is called the first quick poem in his life when he lived in Zizhou at the age of 52. It is the fifth year that Du Fu drifted out of Jianmen because of the Anshi Rebellion. He has been expecting to quell the rebellion and return to his roots. Suddenly, I heard that loyalists had recovered Jibei, and I burst into tears of joy. I couldn't help it. The author expresses his surprise mood incisively and vividly with four continuous actions: sudden transmission, first smell, but watching and rolling. In these four dynamic descriptions, the author imagines that he has passed through Basha, Martial Arts, Xiangyang and Luoyang, and returned to his dream hometown. Later generations said: this poem is full of joy, enthusiasm, twists and turns, no makeup, the simpler the more real, and so on, all of which are very accurate comments. [Edit this paragraph] Writing background In the first month of the first year of Guangde (763), Shi Chaoyi committed suicide after defeat, and Tanabe and Li Huaixian surrendered one after another. It took more than seven years for Henan and Hebei to be recovered by government troops, and the "Anshi Rebellion" was completely quelled. At that time, the poet Du Fu and his wife lived in Zizhou, Sichuan Province. When he heard the good news of the victory, he couldn't help being ecstatic. In his extreme excitement, he changed the gloomy and implicit poetic style in the past and wrote this well-known masterpiece of seven laws in lively and hearty language.
Du fu family
There are few historical records about Du Fu's family. According to Du Fu Biography, his wife, surnamed Yang, is the daughter and young lady of Yang Yi, a farmer.
He has two sons, Zongwen Zongwu. There is a girl named Feng 'er, who was born in An Shi Rebellion. Later, the whole family was displaced and went to Sichuan, then to East Sichuan and finally to Hunan. After Du Fu's death, his wife Yang was helpless. She sold clothes, bought a coffin, hastily finished, took Wen Zong, Zong Wu and several aunts, and sent the coffin to Yueyang's house. I sold my boat and buried it locally. Later, although Wen Zong and Zong Wu grew up, they could not enter this country, and their families were still poor. Until Zongwu's son grew up and worked hard for many years, he entrusted many people to continue the legacy of his ancestors and sent Du Fu's coffin to Luoyang. At this time, Yang had already died, so the inheritance had to bury his grandparents' coffins in shouyangshan. It has been more than forty years since Du Fu died.