Chen Ziang came last for the second time, and a man sold the Hu Qin for millions of dollars, which was too expensive for him to ask. Chen Ziang squeezed into the crowd and bought it for 1000 dollars (an ancient unit of measurement). The next day, he set up an expensive banquet in Xuan Yang Li, Chang 'an, holding a piano and lamenting, "Chen Ziang, a Schumann, is a hundred axes and nameless. This kind of joy is cheap, you should pay attention. " After the speech, I broke the piano and sent poems to the participants. At that time, Zhao Jing and Wang Shi exclaimed after reading it: "This person must be a literate scholar in China!" At that time, the imperial city caused great concern.
A character's teenage life
Chen Ziang is young and clever, while Ren Xia is young. He is seventeen or eighteen, and he doesn't know how to read. Later, because fencing hurt people, I abandoned martial arts and joined the arts. I really decided to reject my old friends and study classical history. In a few years, I learned a hundred things and refused to be my father.
Rank second
In the first year of Emperor Gaozong's Lu Dao (679), Chen Ziang, who was gifted with latitude and longitude, left the Three Gorges and went north to Chang 'an to study in imperial academy, the highest institution at that time, and took the imperial examination in the second year. Return home after falling behind. I went back to my hometown of Jin Huashan to study. "Over the years, there have been hundreds of classics and history, but I have never seen them. You are good at literature, elegant and like each other, a sub-cloud character ",which laid a solid foundation for his later innovation in literature." "In the first year of Yongchun (682), Chen Ziang, who was successful in his studies, went to Beijing to take the exam again, which is still unknown.
Be reused
In the first year of civilization (684), he was also a scholar.
Born in honest and frank Chen Ziang, he cared about the world and dared to speak out. He was once rejected and attacked by the authorities. At the age of 38, he resigned and returned to China, and was later victimized by traitors. However, because of his "Gregorian calendar", he offended the dignitaries and did not use it. Soon, Tang Gaozong died of illness in Luoyang, and Wu Zetian presided over the court affairs, proposing that Zi Gong be buried in Ganling. Upon hearing this, Chen Ziang wrote a letter to protest under the Que. After reading it, Wu Zetian sighed her talent, gave her orthography and moved to the right. Hanging arch for two years (686), the first year of Tian Tong's long live (696), he joined the army north twice.
Related events (1)
Chen Ziang's poems are magnificent, profound and vigorous, and Chen Boyu's poems have been handed down from generation to generation. When Chen Ziang was a teenager, his family was rich and generous to Ren Xia. As an adult, I began to study hard, read widely and be good at writing. At the same time, I care about state affairs and seek political achievements. At the age of 24, he was promoted to sergeant Lin Taizheng, and later he was promoted to right gleaning, daring to speak. When Wu Zetian was in power, she was clean and cruel, killing innocent people. He is not afraid of persecution and has written many times to advise him. Wu Zetian plans to dig Shu Mountain and attack Qiang people through Yazhou Road. He also wrote a letter opposing the idea of having a rest with the people. His remarks were often rejected, and he was jailed for "anti-Party" for opposing the involvement of Wu Zetian. In 686, he arrived at Juyanhai and Zhangye River in the northwest with Zhi Zhi's army from Zuobuqiao. In the first year of Long Live the King (696), Li Jue led Qidan and Sun Wanrong to arise and destroy Jian 'an King. Joining the army twice made him have a deeper understanding of the frontier situation and the lives of local people. In the first year of the solar calendar (698), my father returned to his hometown because he was dismissed, and his father died soon. During the mourning period, Wu Sansi, the powerful minister, ordered a public prosecution against Duan Jian in Shehong County. Wrongful death in prison (Shen Yazhi's Book of Zheng Shizhen in Jiujiang). Today, the ancient city wall in Shehong County is called "Zi 'ang City" and the street is named "Apollo Road" to commemorate Chen Ziang. Chen Ziang's poetry creation has made great achievements in the reform of Tang poetry. Lu Zang often said that he "controlled waves. "The world suddenly changed" (preface to Chen Boyu's Collected Works). Liu song kezhuang's "Hou Cun Shi Hua" said: "In the early Tang Dynasty, Wang, Yang, Shen and Song were good at names, but they did not get rid of the wind of Qi Liang, only picked up the wind and advocated elegance and lightness. Sweeping the exquisiteness of six generations, it tends to Huang Chu and Jian' an. " Jin Yuanhao asked, "On Poetry" also said: "Shen Song traversed the field of calligraphy, and Qi and Liang Dynasties did not waste their first romance. On merits and demerits, if you are on an equal footing with Wu Ping, you will jointly cast gold castings. Everyone praised him as a pioneer in the innovation of Tang poetry. However, some of his poems still have some shortcomings such as boring language and unclear images.
(2)
The death of his father is a great blow to Chen Ziang, however, a bigger blow is yet to come. Duan Jian, the county magistrate of Shehong County, Chen Ziang's hometown, is an insatiable villain. When he heard that the Chen family was rich, he had a bad intention and wanted to extort money. Chen Ziang's family sent 200,000 yuan to the county magistrate, but they still couldn't satisfy Duan Jian's appetite. Duan Jian was not satisfied. Willy-nilly, he sent Chen Ziang to the South Yard.
It is said that Chen Ziang once divined for himself in prison, and divination was very intense. Chen Ziang was surprised and said, "If fate doesn't help me, I will almost die!" Soon, he died in prison at the age of 42.
This is recorded in the Book of the Tang Dynasty, but it is puzzling. Because before his death, Chen Ziang was a court censor who had not been relieved of his post. I don't know where this local official's "courage" came from. He dared to blackmail "national staff", so that Chen Ziang was unjustly killed in prison. This has always been a mystery. Later, some people said that it was because Chen Ziang offended Wu Sansi when he was an official in North Korea that Wu Sansi instructed the local county magistrate to torture Chen Ziang so much. It doesn't seem easy to understand, because if Wu Sansi wants to clean up Chen Ziang, it doesn't need to be so complicated.
In any case, Chen Ziang ended his life in this way.
This determines that the unanimous evaluation of him in the new and old Tang books is "arrogance and no dignity", and the so-called "narrowness" means narrowness and narrowness; The so-called "impatience" means impatience. "Fanaticism" may be more suitable for Chen Ziang.
Chen Ziang's life is actually a manic life, from self-hype to flattering Wu Zetian, which is actually a manifestation of Chen Ziang's arrogance. However, there is one thing that Chen Ziang is very proud of, which is contained in the Book of the Tang Dynasty.
One day, a sensational murder happened under the rule of Wu Zetian. The victim is an ancient historian Zhao Shiyuan. He was killed in the post office on a business trip. The murderer was Xu, a native of Xiatuo (now Weinan, Shaanxi) in Tongzhou. At that time, Xu was a service worker at the station. It is obvious that the killing of senior officials by unruly people is explosive, and the attention of the whole empire has been attracted.
Why did this little waiter kill a court official? The standard answer is to avenge my father. It turns out that Zhao Shizhen used to be a county commandant in Xiazhai. As we know, county commandant was an official of county magistrate in ancient times, who was responsible for local public security work. Xu's father was punished by Zhao Shizhen for committing a crime. Soon, Zhao Shizhen was promoted to an official in Beijing. In order to avenge his father, Xu went to a post office and became a waiter. Because he knows that this is the only way he can get close to Zhao Shizhen. Finally, one day, Zhao Shiyuan came to Xu's post office on business, and Xu seized the opportunity to kill Zhao Shiyuan cleanly and avenged his father's death.
Whether Xu was a dutiful son or a murderer caused a heated debate at that time. At that time, the popular view was that Xu should be commended, or at least acquitted, because Xu embarked on the road of killing to avenge his father. Therefore, although Xu killed someone, his motive was noble and his starting point was good. Under the background of emphasizing the rule of virtue, the court should pardon Xu's crimes.
Just as it was about to end with such a result, Chen Ziang pushed his way through the crowd and wrote an article about revenge. He said in the article: "Today's Righteousness Festival, Yuan will abolish the national punishment, which is a political difficulty; Then Yuan Qing's sin cannot be abolished. who is it? People should have children, and children should have relatives. Who can save the chaos? Therefore, when a saint leaves, he must find out the ending, which is not a one-off event, so it is all politics. Therefore, it is said that' if you believe in the righteousness of others, your own politics will not work'. The husband harms public law with private justice, and the benevolent does not; There is no way to be selfish with public law. Yuan Qing was kind and noble because he was just at that time, because he could forget himself and repay kindness with kindness. If we release Yuan Qing's crimes today to benefit his life, we will lose his virtue and justice. It's not so-called death, it's a festival of all death and no life. As I have seen, it is said that it is appropriate to be the law of the country, punish it, and then welcome its tomb and respect its emblem, and the world can be straight. " Obviously, Xu's murder case has come to the bottom. According to the Tang law, there is no doubt that death penalty should be imposed. Only death penalty can reflect the seriousness of the law. However, from another perspective, Xu did this to avenge his father. It was filial piety to his father that led him to commit crimes. He hid the revenge of killing his father in his heart and vowed not to be an enemy. His filial piety is earth-shattering, enough to change the color of the sun and the moon. Therefore, it is suggested that a grand commendation meeting be held for Xu after he is executed to show filial piety. Chen Ziang's proposal skillfully solved the conflict between "ceremony" and "law" and was unanimously recognized by everyone. Finally, the Xu Yuan celebration case was settled according to Chen Ziang's suggestion.
Historical evaluation shows that it is a Five Laws, which was written by Chen Ziang when he traveled eastward from his hometown to Beijing and stayed in Lexiang County, Xiangzhou. Grain Rain said: "No syntax, no grammar, naturally." Following the four masters, Chen Ziang stood up against the rule of Qi Liang's poetic style with a firmer attitude, and showed a distinct spirit of creation and innovation in theory and practice. Chen Ziang's thought is very complicated. He is good at crossing Ren Xia, but the Confucian spirit of statecraft is still the dominant aspect of his thoughts. From many of his political essays, we can see his foresight in understanding national security and his enthusiasm for caring about people's sufferings. For example, in the recitation of "Shang Chuan An", he was worried about the invasion of Qiang people, expressed deep sympathy for the unemployed and fleeing Sichuan people, and angrily accused officials of greed, embezzlement and deprivation of people. His lectures and political comments were quoted four or five times in Zi Tong Zhi Jian. Wang Fuzhi's Zi Zhi Tong Jian thinks that Chen Ziang is not only a scholar's choice, but also a minister's material, which is completely correct. His political enthusiasm is the driving force of his poetry innovation.
In the famous Preface to the Pearl Show, Chen Ziang once put forward a positive proposition of poetry innovation: Oriental style comes first; the article is flawed, which has been in the Han and Wei dynasties for 500 years, but literature can afford it. In his spare time, the servant tasted the poems between Qi and Liang, full of colorful and complicated poems, but he was absolutely willing to send them. Every time I sigh through the ages, I often fear decadence and elegance when I think about the past. Yesterday, I saw the "Three Lonely Tung Fu", which is full of vigor and vitality, full of sound and emotion, brilliant, and trained in gold. Then decorate your vision with your heart and play the melancholy down. I don't want to start the sound, but I will see it again; Can make Jian' an authors smile at each other. ..... In the history of the development of Tang poetry, Chen Ziang's essays are like a declaration, marking the innovation and transformation of the poetic style in the Tang Dynasty. As we know, Liu Xie and Zhong Rong opposed the poetic style of formalism in the Southern Dynasties and once held high the tradition of "comparison" and "character". Wang Bo opposed the style of court poetry before and after The Dragon, and accused them of being "spineless and lifeless". Chen Ziang inherited their thoughts, pointedly pointed out that the poetic style of Qi Liang worshipped by the court poets in the early Tang Dynasty was "colorful but not vulgar", and pointed out that the glorious traditions of "elegance and vulgarity" and "Han Wei style" were pioneer examples of creation, which realized the real innovation of poetry content under the banner of advocating retro. The attitude is very firm, the flag is very clear, and the call is very strong. "Ji Xing" and "Feng Gu" are the primary issues related to the life of poetry. The essence of "good luck" is to require poetry to carry forward the tradition of criticizing reality and has a distinct political tendency. The essence of "style" requires poetry to have noble and rich thoughts and feelings and rich and substantial realistic content. Judging from the situation at that time, only by realizing the real innovation of content can poetry undertake the mission of the times. At the same time, we should also see that due to the active efforts of poets such as the "four outstanding poets in the early Tang Dynasty", new styles of Tang poetry have emerged, people are increasingly dissatisfied with the style of court poetry after Qi and Liang Dynasties, and the time for poetry innovation is more mature. Chen Ziang's innovative proposition at this time has not only theoretical significance, but also practical significance; It not only attacked the stale poetic style, but also opened the way for the new poets and poetic styles that were budding and growing at that time.
Chen Ziang's poetry creation clearly and powerfully embodies his innovative ideas. Thirty-eight Love Poems is the main work that embodies this innovative spirit. These poems were not written at the same time. Some satirize reality, feel current events, and some express their life experiences and ideals. The content is broad and rich, and the thoughts are also contradictory and complicated. First of all, it is worth noting those frontier poems with strong reality, such as: looking at the county in the clouds and looking at Taiwan Province in the north. Hu Qin is so close to you, and Sha Shuo is so energetic! Born in Tianjiaozi, madness is back. The castle wall is unknown and the pavilion is empty. Duh, why do I sigh? People are drawing grass. This is his work when he began to explore the north. In the poem, he expressed deep indignation at the incompetence of the generals and the continuous violation of the border people by the Hu people. In the article "The North Wind Blows the Sea Trees" written during his expedition to Youzhou, he also expressed deep sympathy for the suppression of patriotic enthusiasm of frontier fortress soldiers.
The article "Clouds and Dusks at the Age of Ding Hai" more clearly reveals the militaristic behavior of Wuhou attacking Tubo through Shushan. These contents have initially broken through the pan-imitation atmosphere of traditional frontier poems on ancient themes. He also satirized the shortcomings of Wuhou's internal affairs. In the poem "Saints don't care about themselves", he accused Wuhou of carving Buddha statues and building Buddhist temples, wasting manpower and material resources to kill Buddha. In the poem "It's hard to be proud of a noble man", he even bravely satirized the style of trusting and killing his generals. From these realistic poems, we can clearly see that his political ambition is closely related to his poetic innovation thought. The poems he wrote about his life experience are also very touching: Lan Ruo was born in spring and summer, where is it? You are alone in the forest, and Zhu has purple stems. It's getting late and the autumn wind is coming. Years old, China is teetering, but what is the significance of Fang? Here, the artistic conception of scattered vegetation and withered beauty in Chu Ci expresses the deep anguish that the beautiful ideal cannot be realized. However, in different times and circumstances, his frustration turned into anger and generosity. Such as: Ben is your son, and he really loves talent all his life. Homesickness, draw your sword and start Artemisia. Dingling in Xichi was blocked, and Taiwan Province was in the north. Seeing thousands of miles in mountain climbing, homesickness is long! Who said he didn't forget the disaster and turned to dust?
There are also some articles in Feeling Poetry that lament the impermanence of life, praise seclusion and seek immortality, and give full play to their works, such as "City people admire spiritual wisdom" and "Silence in the mysterious sky", all of which have strong Buddhist and old negative thoughts.
Seven Poems on Youzhou Tower and Qiu Ji's Collection of Lu Jushi in Searching for the Ancient are also his masterpieces. These poems were written when he and Jian went to Qidan. Lu Zang used Chen Chuan to say: Zi Ang is weak and sick, grateful and loyal, and often wants to fight hard to answer the guoshi. Since officials are diligent and they are involved in military plans, they feel sorry for not seeing the danger. Another day, he made a suggestion, which was very incisive. Jian 'an refused, but he was appointed as an army sergeant. Zi Ang knows the difference because he silences the following, but he is also a secretary. He wrote several poems because he climbed the Jibei Building and felt the promised land and Zhao Yan in the past. But he cried and sang, "where were those lost times before me?" Behind me, where are the future generations? . I think of heaven and earth, there is no limit, there is no end, I am alone, tears fall! " When people know everything. In Visit to the Ancient, he praised the corporal and the Prince of Yan, and thanked historical figures and Guo Kun for meeting him and making contributions. Looking forward to the future, he deeply realized the pain and sorrow of being born at an untimely time and unable to realize his ideal, and also deeply realized the lofty feelings of many people with lofty aspirations in the predicament throughout the ages. It was this irresistible ideal and * * * that made him sing this romantic song on the Youzhou rostrum. Although due to the limitation of historical conditions, his depression can not be solved, which makes the emotional appeal of this poem quite lonely. However, it was this poem that won the deep sympathy of countless readers at that time and later. Lu Zangyong's saying that this poem is "known to everyone" is a strong proof. This is the Hong Zhong noise unheard of for more than 200 years since Qi Liang.
There are not many Chen Ziang's regular poems, but like Looking at Chu in Jingmen, it is also a masterpiece in the early Tang Dynasty: Go to the martial arts and read the next chapter. Bashan River is exhausted, and Jingmen is full of smoke. The city is divided and the trees are broken by white clouds. Nowadays, crazy singers, who knew they would come to Chu. The poet wrote the magnificent mountains and rivers in Bachu when he first went to Sichuan in a fluent style. Style is different from other poets.
Chen Ziang highly praised "Jian 'an Author" and "The Voice of Zhengshi", and his poems were deeply influenced by Jian 'an and Zhengshi poets. Tang Jiaoran's poetic style said: "The feeling of being proud of your son stems from Ruan Gong's admiration." Poems like "Lan Ruosheng's Spring and Summer" and "Don't be Proud of the Noble", as well as those who lament the impermanence of life, are indeed similar to Ruan Ji. In addition, Yan Zhaowang and Youzhou Tower are similar to Ruan's poems in artistic conception, such as "Taking Ci as the capital of Wei" and "Sitting alone in an empty hall". The frontier poems such as The Old Clouds in Ding Hai, Ben Gui Zi, The North Wind Blows the Sea Trees, Cang Ding Ling Sai are works close to current events in Jian 'an poems. In his poems, realism and romanticism coexist. Some of those realistic works are generous and painful, and some political theories are sharp. Those works that tend to express ideals, some are romantic and graceful, some are bold and unrestrained, which are different manifestations of romanticism. Generally speaking, his poetic style is not completely unified.
Of course, Chen Ziang's poems also have shortcomings in art, and he didn't know enough about Yuefu folk songs in the Han, Wei, Southern and Northern Dynasties. We don't pay much attention to this new form of seven-character poem, and there is not a seven-character poem in the collection (note: there is only one seven-character poem in the Complete Works of Mr. Chen Ziang printed by Shu Yin, and its authenticity is difficult to determine. )。 There are even some "feeling poems" which are influenced by metaphysical poems and are somewhat boring to read. However, all his poems have no elegant flavor, which is even more commendable. In a word, he is a poet who made great achievements in the theory and practice of poetry innovation in the pre-Tang Dynasty. Du fu praised him: "elegance can only be inherited by talents, but philosophers can't match it." After the male gave birth to a horse, his name was linked with the sun and the moon. ..... eternal loyalty, "love" remains. "Han Yu praised him:" The country has a lot of articles, and the son is proud of it. " They all highly affirmed his achievements in the development of Tang poetry, and also reflected the public opinion of Tang poets. As for his Poems of Feeling, it directly inspired the creation of Zhang Jiuling's Poems of Feeling and Li Bai's Poems of Antique. It is a well-known fact that Li Bai inherited his theory of taking retro as innovation and further completed the historical task of innovation in Tang poetry.
Poetry written by literature in the early Tang Dynasty followed the habits of the Six Dynasties and had a delicate style. Chen Ziang stepped forward to try to reverse this trend. Chen Ziang's poems, with their progressive and substantial ideological content and simple and vigorous language style, had a great influence on the whole Tang poetry. After Chen Ziang's death, his friend Lu Zangyong compiled the 10 volume for him. The Collected Works of Chen Boyu was edited by later generations. This book contains 10 volumes of the Collected Works of Chen Boyu edited by Yang Cheng during the reign of Hongzhi in Ming Dynasty, and is accompanied by the New Tang Book and other related materials. Copy the four series here. Universal Library has made many revisions according to the Ming and Qing editions. Today, Xu Peng collated The Collection of Chen Ziang, with four volumes as the base, and collated more than 10 poems with The Whole Tang Poetry, The Whole Tang Literature, Wenyuan Huaying and other books, which became a relatively complete book with Luo Yong's Chronicle of Chen Ziang. Today, Peng Qingsheng has notes on Chen Ziang's poems. Attached is his Chronicle of Chen Ziang and the comments of various schools. Cen is the author of Chen Ziang's Deeds and Collected Works (attached with the first and second issues, volume 14). Ziang site Chen Ziang reading platform
Chen Ziang Reading Desk is located on Jinhua Mountain, 23 kilometers north of Shehong County. It was the place where Chen Ziang, a poet in the early Tang Dynasty, studied in his youth. It was formerly called Reading Hall, or Chen Gongxue.
Development history:
(1) The former site is in the ancestral temple area after the ancient view in Jin Huashan. In the Tang Dynasty, our envoy in Dongchuan, Xian Shuming, erected a monument to Chen Ziang's merits in front of the library.
(2) After the middle Tang Dynasty, political chaos and frequent wars led to the decline of the school.
(3) When Song Jiayu was in office, Pang ordered the library pavilion to be built at the original site.
(4) In the early Ming Dynasty, the pavilion was destroyed, and Lian Chengwu made a statue in the old infrastructure building, with a Ming Garden Pavilion on its side. When Chenghua came, the county magistrate Guo was stuffy in the pavilion.
⑤ In the early Qing Dynasty, all the above buildings collapsed.
⑥ In the fifty-first year of Kangxi, Tang Linxiang, a magistrate of a county, built a square auditorium on the old site of the school and set up a plaque as an ancient reading desk.
All landowners Daoguang eight to eleven years, the city ordered Qian Bingde and Wang Shu to move the reading desk to Wugang Mountain behind the roof.
⑧ In the sixth year of Guangxu (1880), the study room of the magistrate of a county donated money to persuade people to raise money, demolished the short wall, removed the fine awn, and built three new halls in front of the pavilion, with cloisters on both wings and a portal pavilion outside; There are three fine houses on the right of the pavilion, and three halls will be built behind the pavilion. It is planned to build Yunshan Pavilion, surrounded by verandahs and dazzling walls. Finally, a large building, Ye He Pavilion, was erected, including three boathouses and a small pavilion, which has begun to take shape. Since then, it has remained basically unchanged, with a slight increase.
Destroyed in the Cultural Revolution.
On May 25th, 2006, Chen Ziang Reading Desk, as an ancient building in Qing Dynasty, was approved by the State Council to be included in the sixth batch of national key cultural relics protection units.
Chen Ziang's poems are in front of me. Where are the lost times? Behind me, where are the future generations? . Only the boundless universe, boundless, can't stop the tears full of sadness. -Tang Chenzi Ang, on the tower of Youzhou, on the tower of Youzhou
No one can see the ancient wisdom of the ancient king, only those wise men who can't see the afterlife can see it.
Only the boundless universe, boundless, can't stop the tears full of sadness. There are 300 Tang poems, ancient poems of sadness, silver candles and cigarettes, and golden jars for each other. Farewell hall in the hall to recall the friendship of friends, bypass the mountain behind the water, a long journey. The feast lasted until the moon disappeared in the high trees and the Milky Way disappeared at dawn. Walking on this long Luoyang road, I don't know when I will meet you. -Chen Ziang in the Tang Dynasty, "Two Farewells in Spring Night, Part I" and "Two Farewells in Spring Night, Part I"
Smoke from a candle, and a golden cup is held high to welcome the feast.
Farewell hall in the hall to recall the friendship of friends, bypass the mountain behind the water, a long journey.
The feast lasted until the moon disappeared in the high trees and the Milky Way disappeared at dawn.
Walking on this long Luoyang road, I don't know when I will meet you. Farewell, feast for homesickness, lonely sunset. Kawahara fell in love with the old country and entered the border town. The wilderness is broken and the mountains are ancient and flat. How to hate this time, the night apes sing. —— Lexiang County, Chen Ziang in the Tang Dynasty, Late Lexiang County.
The hometown is vast and the sunset is lonely.
Kawahara fell in love with the old country and entered the border town.
The wilderness is broken and the mountains are ancient and flat.
How to hate this time, the night apes sing. Read more Chen Ziang's poems and Homesickness Poems >>