Ci, also known as "poetry", "long and short sentences", "relying on sound" and "ci", is a form of poetry, with the highest achievement in Song Dynasty. Words are divided into poems, middle tones and long tones, and are divided according to the number of words. The number of words in the whole poem is less than 58 words, 59-90 words are in alto, and the long sound is above 9 1 word.
There is a strict difference between the title of a word and the epigraph. The title of a word is the concentrated expression of the content of the word and summarizes the main content of the word. A epigraph is the name of a word tone. For example, the word "Qinyuanchun Snow" is a epigraph and "Snow" is the title of the word. In the word "Yongmei", "Fu" is the name of the epigraph, and "Yongmei" is the title of the word.
When I first came into contact with words, many friends were very confused. Why does the title of a word usually consist of two parts? For example, in Mao Zedong's "Qin Yuan Chun Xue", the first part of "Qin Yuan Chun" is called a epigraph. Literally, it hardly shows any connection with the content of the word, while the second part of "Xue" has some connection with the theme of the word. So what is the relationship between the two parts of the word title? To understand this problem, we must first understand what is a word and what is a brand name.
Ci originated in Sui and Tang Dynasties, flourished in the late Tang Dynasty and the Five Dynasties, and flourished in the Song Dynasty. At first, Ci was also called Qu Zi, Qu Zi, Qin Qu, Yu Shi, long and short sentences and so on. From the many aliases of words, we can see the indissoluble bond between words and poetry and music. In fact, different theories have different explanations for the specific sources of words. Some people think that Ci is a variant of Yuefu folk songs, while others think that Ci is a descendant of the quatrains in the Tang Dynasty. No matter how the academic circles argue, the development of Ci from vulgarity to elegance and from folk to literary world is undeniable. To be sure, in the development of ci, it was more or less influenced by folk songs, rhymes and quatrains at that time. Just as poetry was originally sung with music, words were also sung with music in the early stage of development. Lyrics are usually written according to the composition of a song. The names of the tunes such as Qinyuanchun, Bodhisattva Man and Niannujiao are called "epigraph" and "tune". During the Tang and Song Dynasties, there were many sources of epigraph names, some came from western music, some were created by musicians, geisha or poets themselves. For example, the origin of the tune "Bodhisattva Manqu" is said to be due to the fact that in the early years of the Tang Dynasty, some beautiful women were paid tribute by barbarian countries. They wore high buns, golden crowns and garlands like bodhisattvas, so the teaching workshop became "Bodhisattva Manqu". Later generations wrote many words according to this tune, such as Xin Qiji's "Bodhisattva Man wrote a book to build a wall in Jiangxi" and so on. Since the lyrics must be out of tune, it is conceivable that during the Tang and Song Dynasties, most writers who wrote lyrics were proficient in tunes, such as Liu Yong and Li Qingzhao, who we are familiar with. They not only had flying literary talent, but also created many beautiful tunes. No wonder their lyrics still have a lingering musical beauty.
With the passage of time, the rhythm of the text gradually matures and the format is gradually fixed. The tone of each word is "the tone has a definite sentence, the sentence has a definite word, and the word has a definite tone", and it is different. According to the number of words in each tone, predecessors divided words into "Xiao Ling", "Middle Tone" or "Long Tone". Some people argue that words below 58 are minor, words between 59 and 90 are middle key, and words above 9 1 are long key. Some people argue that it is a small order within 62 words, and the outside is called "slow word", but there is no conclusion. Except for a few minor tunes, most of them are divided into two sections, even three sections and four sections, which are called "two tones", "three folds" and "four folds" respectively. The academic language of Duan Ci is "piece" or "dry" and "piece" means "all over", which means that the music has been played once. "Kan" originally meant "happy ending". The two paragraphs of a word are called "upper and lower chapters" or "upper and lower chapters" respectively, which are somewhat similar to the singing methods of several songs we have today, but the ancients are more flexible in lyrics.
With the standardization of word format and meter, many scholars can gradually break away from the music score and fill words only according to the fixed meter formed by a certain epigraph, thus making words gradually develop into a literary form comparable to poetry.
So does the name of this word have anything to do with the theme of this word? Friends who know something about music know that once a piece of music is created, its tone is basically the same, or passionate, or soothing, or gentle. So are the lyrics. Whether you want to be lyrical or figurative, you can't change the rhythm and rhythm of the epigraph itself. Therefore, before writing the lyrics, the poet must choose a tune (that is, a epigraph) that is consistent with his expression and meaning. In this way, a good word, regardless of whether the name of the epigraph is related to the content of the word, the interest and emotional appeal contained in the epigraph are always related to the poet's feelings and mood. For example, some scholars have found that Xiao Ling's "Langtaosha" has a fierce tone, and it is the most appropriate to use it to remember the past and care for the present. The syllables of "An Xi Sha" and "Dead Hua Lian" are soft, so it is perfect to write about love and scenery. It can be seen that if ancient poets want to write lyrics, they must first memorize the rhythmic styles of many aphorisms, otherwise, they will definitely make the written words difficult to read and make people laugh.
It is worth noting that there are many poets who are proficient in melody in history. They either created their own words or wrote words according to the original meaning of epigrams, making many epigrams the titles of words. For example, Zhang's "Fishing Song" is about fishermen's life, and Wen's "The Lost Son" is about women's night love. In this case, the poet usually indicates the word "original intention" under the epigraph, which means that the epigraph is also a topic, and there is no other topic. In most cases, the name of the tablet has nothing to do with the theme of the word. At this time, the author usually marks the topic with smaller words under the epigraph. "The words in the Tang Dynasty must be composed of topics, so the purpose of the words is mostly consistent with the topic, while the Song people write words because of the topic, and the purpose of the words is mostly inconsistent with the topic." It can be seen that the more later, the more alienated the relationship between epigrams and topics. A "Waves on the Beach" is not about waves or sand at all; A poem "Recalling Jiangnan" can also not talk about Jiangnan at all. However, no matter how distant the tone of the word is from the content of the word, it is definitely not a good word if the artistic conception of the word and the song is not harmonious.