Modernist literature and art schools that originated in Europe during the First World War. The advocator is Tristan Zara, a French poet of Romanian origin. 19 15 autumn, Zara organized a literary group in Zurich, Switzerland, and on February 8, 19 16, she took a French word "Dada" randomly translated from the dictionary as the name of this literary group. Participants in this group include Brittany, Aragon, Ai Lvya, Su Bo, picabia and others. They used literary magazines to publicize their ideas, attracted many young poets and artists who were dissatisfied with the imperialist war and real life, and formed Dadaism.
"Dada" is a French language for children, which means "toy horse". As the name of literary genre, it has no meaning. The purpose of Dadaism is to oppose all meaningful things, all traditions and customs, and hold a nihilistic attitude towards the whole world. They confessed themselves: "Dada, I feel nothing, nothing, nothing, nothing." Zara declared in the Declaration of Dadaism that "eternal life is the criterion, and all actions are unified in vanity." Dadaists don't believe in anything. They deny rationality and traditional culture and reject all existing concepts. They don't want civilization and think that "all civilizations are deceptive and misleading things"; They hate war and the world that produces it; They want to resist, destroy, be free, and advocate a life without purpose and ideal; They have no illusions about everything, only admit their instincts, so they want to explore their original ideas with the help of the meaningless voice of the baby. Zara once said: "Freedom, Dada, Dada, Dada, this is an unbearable cry of pain. This is a mixture of various constraints, contradictions and absurdities. This is life."
Dadaists oppose all traditional aesthetic concepts, advocate irrational and anti-aesthetic things, think that art and aesthetics have no chance, advocate aimless and thoughtless literature and art, and attempt to replace traditional literature and art with a brand-new, grotesque, abstract and symbolic thing. In creative practice, first of all, they think that the author should be absolutely "loyal to himself", and literature and art should be rash, like a baby's mumbling, expressing inexplicable and incredible things with chaotic language and grotesque images, and even marking strange topics as works of art with ready-made objects, and "retaliating" emptiness with meaningless "scribbling" and "sound accumulation". Secondly, they advocate "breaking art" But in fact, their works are expressed in different forms such as poetry, drama, prose and painting. Their works are the crystallization of madness and chaos. They believe that "great literary and artistic works have nothing but chaotic arrangement". "Dada has no content, and Dont Ask For Help understands that it is enough to give an impression". In terms of poetry, they think that "if he is a poet, he is naturally talking about poetry." His representative works include Aragon's Suicide and so on. In drama, they think that "nonsense can cause amazing results", and the typical works are You and Me Forgotten by Brittany and Su Bo. In painting, they advocate drawing incomprehensible pictures in the form of diagrams, and also advocate integrating painting and sculpture into "sculpture painting". Typical works include picabia's Portrait of Zara and marcel duchamp's Mona Lisa with a beard.
Although Dadaism once attracted people's attention, it was doomed to be a flash in the pan because it preached extreme nihilism. 192 1 year, college students in Paris carried a paper figure symbolizing Dada and threw it into the Seine River to "drown". 1922 There were differences within Dadaism, Zara insisted on denying everything, and Brittany and Aragon created another way to form surrealism. 1924 Dadaism groups basically collapsed. However, their literary aesthetic thought and anti-traditional literary practice had a great influence on the later literary trends and schools in the West.
The emergence of Dadaism reflects the mental state of the younger generation of European bourgeoisie during and after the First World War, and is the literary product of the chaotic society and people's painful and empty hearts during the First World War.