Someone asked the poet whether to write a poem with a sentence or to consider the rhyme first.
Lao Jie said the answer first: both. In most cases, you have a poem first, and then you consider rhyming. Of course, there are also cases where rhyme is considered first and then poetry is considered. Why do you say that? Of course, it is well-founded.
First, the story of helpless flowers falling to Yan Shu
A story is quoted in "Tiaoxi Fishing Hidden Conghua" written by Hu Zai in the Southern Song Dynasty:
When Yan Yuan went to Hangzhou ... Spring Festival Evening, the flowers had fallen, and Yan Yun said,' Every sentence is not strong between the walls, or even in the next year, and if there is no choice, it has not been right so far. Wang answered,' I've known Yan before.' Since then, I have set up a library post, and I have joined the attendants.
Yan Shu went to Hangzhou and lived in daming temple. He asked his men to read him the poem on the wall in the temple, specifically saying not to mention the author's name. After listening for a long time, only one work named Wang Qi entered Yan Shu's eyes. Yan Shu loves talents, so he sent someone to invite him to have dinner together. When taking a walk after dinner, Yan Shu said, I have many good sentences, such as "I can't help it" ... I didn't expect Wang Qi to say: I have met Yan's return.
From this story, it can be seen that when a poet writes a poem, he often has a good sentence first, then a couplet, and then an article. Yan Shu had the last sentence, but there was no next sentence, and the next sentence was responsible for rhyme, so the first poem composed of "helpless flowers falling" was of course rhymed according to the rhyme of Wang Qi.
Yan Shu wrote a poem "Huanxisha" with this couplet:
A new poem and a glass of wine. Last year, the weather was old, and when did the sun set?
I can't help it, but I feel familiar with Yan's return. Small garden fragrant path wandering alone.
Yan Shu also wrote a seven-character poem, "Collation of King Cheng of Shizhang Temple":
Yuan has not opened the Qingming holiday, and the small garden wandered alone. Spring is cold and rainy, and a hangover is hard to ban.
I can't help it, but I feel familiar with Yan's return. You can give visitors a lot of flavor, so don't cherish the green money and choose talents.
But there are many cases where rhyme comes first and then poetry comes. Let's talk about rhyme-limited poetry.
Second, the rhyme-limiting poem in a Dream of Red Mansions
In the chapter "Autumn Shuang Zhai accidentally married Haitang Club Heng Wu Yuan Night Chrysanthemum" in the Dream of Red Mansions, Baoyu and Daiyu asked for a 13-yuan rhyme when they wrote the poem:
When they went to the bookshelf, they pulled out a poem and casually unveiled it. This one turned out to be a seven-character rhyme, and it was time for everyone to read it. Yingchun hid the poem and said to a little girl, "Say a word casually." The girl was standing against the door and said "door". Yingchun said with a smile, "It's the rhyme of the door,' thirteen yuan'. The first rhyme must be the word' door'. " As he spoke, he asked for a rhyme box, drew out a drawer of "thirteen yuan" and ordered the little girl to take four pieces at hand. That girl took four pieces of "basin", "soul", "scar" and "faint". Baoyu said, "This word" basin "and" door "is not easy to write!"
The rhyme box is a very interesting thing. According to the horizontal rhyme, the words of the same rhyme are put together. The girl casually said a "door", so she decided that the "door" belonged to thirteen yuan.
This girl took four words in the rhyme box for thirteen yuan: basin, soul, mark and faint. Together with the word "door" she said at the beginning, it means that this seven-character rhyme is the first poem, and the rhyme foot must be five words: door, basin, soul, mark and faint. Friends who are familiar with metrical poems will know that there must be two poetic styles: flat and flat.
For example, Tan Chun's Ode to Bai Haitang is flat and flat, and the first sentence rhymes.
The cold grass in the setting sun has a heavy door, and the moss is green and full of rain pots. Jade is hard to compare with clean spirit, and snow is easy to ecstasy.
My heart is a little delicate and weak, and there are traces in the dead of night. Don't say that the immortal can feather, and affectionate accompany me to sing the evening.
Lin Daiyu's song is a flat harvest, and the first sentence rhymes.
a half-rolled curtain covers the door, and the ice is ground into earth and jade as a basin. Stealing a pear is three cents, and borrowing a plum blossom is a soul.
In the Moon Cave, the immortals sewed clothes, and in autumn, the women in always in my heart wiped the crying marks. Who is shy and silent? I am tired of leaning on the west wind night.
this kind of rhyme-limited poetry is a word game that poets often play when they are elegant, and it is also a way to exercise their writing style.
Third, the second rhyme, rhyme and rhyme of the chorus poems
The ancient people sang in harmony with each other, which was originally not limited to rhyme. After Yuan Zhen and Bai Juyi in the Tang Dynasty, the second rhyme became popular, which was also the rhyme first and then the poem. In the Song Dynasty, sub-rhymes were particularly popular for poems or lyrics. For example, the following two poems had exactly the same rhyme.
"One of the Five Poems of Feeling Xing" [Song] Ouyang Xiu
In the strict secret hall of Fengci, everything was taken sincerely. I feel sad when I am old, and I hear the sound of cranes in cold weather.
I don't know the situation of the DPRK when I miss the past hills and valleys. Young infants are officials, while strong ones admire fame.
if you are ill, you will be ashamed of your generosity, and you will be premature and sigh for the rest of your life. Unknown dog horse newspaper, Ann returned to farming.
Mei Yaochen's "One of the Five Poems of Yi Yun Feng and Yong Shu Feeling Xing", although the title is Yi Yun, it is actually a secondary rhyme, and the order of each rhyme foot is exactly the same as that of Ouyang Xiu.
there is a gentleman in the spring, and the temple is sincere. It's always raining cats and dogs, and when it touches the ground, it's buzzing.
pray for the sunrise and relieve people's feelings. The son of heaven sent a report, and he was named after the bandits.
because of the sense of success, the common language will last a lifetime. You don't need to plow when you are not familiar with the road.
He Zhu's Jade Case in Song Dynasty and Qin Guan's Thousand Autumn Years are probably the two words that were sung by the second rhyme the most in that dynasty. Let's take a look at He Zhu's Jade Case:
Ling Bo didn't cross Hengtang Road, but he watched and passed away. Who is the degree of Jin Sehua? Yueqiao Garden, a window-locked bamboo house, is only known as Chunzhi.
feiyun, Ran Ran, at dusk, painted a new topic, heartbroken sentence. How much leisure is there? Yichuan tobacco, the wind in the city, plum yellow rain.
The two brothers Huang Tingjian said goodbye, but they chose the second rhyme to congratulate Zhu, for example, Huang Dalin's "Jade Case" (seeing Brother Gu demoted to Yizhou):
Yizhou Road with a thousand peaks. It's dark and people are gone. Say goodbye to my uncle Huang. Brother huafa, the distant mountains repair water, and return to the same place in another day.
drink and drink to disperse the long pavilion at dusk. Don't be lingering. How much can I have been cut off from the intestine? Shuicun Mountain Pavilion, sleepless at night, listening to the empty rain.
Huang tingjian sings with his brother's "Jade Case to Yizhou Rhyme"
There is a silver lining in the smoke. I am very eager to see you and go back to Hong. Fourth, the clouds are not clear. Shan Hu's new words, sub-standard words, are worrying people.
it's bad to worry about energy. Recalling my drunken poems, crossing the water and crossing the clouds has been promised. In the twilight, Nanpu, Xiao Xuan, was covered with rain in the western hills.
In the Song Dynasty, there were other people who rhymed this word: Li Qingzhao, Su Shi, wuqian, Yang Wuxia, Shi Hao, Zhou Zizhi, Han Lian, Li Penglao, Cheng Gai, Wang Qianqiu, Chen Liang, Feng Shixing, Liu Yi Zhi, Li Zhiyi, Hou Zhi, Zhao Yanduan and Hui Hong ...
? Fourth, the rhyme-limited poems in the imperial examination
When the imperial examination of poetry and fu, it is often limited to the topic and rhyme. For example, in the fifteenth year of Zhenyuan in the Tang Dynasty, Jimao (799) took a macro-word test of "Wenqing Poetry in the End of the South Jingshe Moon", which clearly stated that "rhyme is used in the topic and 6 words are completed".
Dugu Shenshu's poem "Wenqing Poem in the Mid-Moon in the Jingshe in the South" says:
The night view of Jinglu is ashamed, and the atmosphere of the sky is extinguished. You Qing struck at this time, and the sound was heard in several places.
branch out with the wind, and make plans to divide the months. Cut off, such as residual leakage, sad and not separated by clouds.
if you want to restrain people, you can stop dreaming, but when you are alone, you will suddenly be fascinated. When all the rivers and rivers fall, there is an air dispute in Qian Shan.
Atmosphere, smell, division, cloud, group and dispute all belong to literary rhyme.
Lu Wen's poem "Wenqing Poetry in the Mid-Moon in the Jingshe in the South" says: "
In the middle of the month, the meditation room is covered, and the secluded path is clean. Thinking into an empty door is wonderful, and the sound is heard from the road.
many valleys are flowing, and heavy clouds are emerging. The nature is difficult to distinguish, and the frost can be divided.
when I come to the legal world, I want to thank the crowd. It' s really loud in the evening, and the lotus is full of dew. "
this rhyme is atmosphere, smell, cloud, minute, group and text. Rhyme in the title: both poems are rhymed; Sixty words, the whole poem is ***6 words, which means the arrangement of five words, six rhymes and twelve sentences.
This kind of rhyme restriction doesn't require those words in A Dream of Red Mansions, as long as they are the words in the rhyme, and of course there is no restriction on the position. For example, there is "dispute" but no "smell" in Uncle Du Gu's poems, and there is "smell" but no "dispute" in Lu Wen's poems.
Consideration of Five Tones and Four Tones
In addition to the above poems with special requirements, ordinary poets are very free to use rhyme in their poems. However, sometimes they will consider what kind of rhyme to use in order to conform to poetry and emotion.
for example, do you use a flat rhyme or a flat rhyme? Is it better to use the entering tone or the falling tone? Or use the voice? Like Lin Daiyu's Seven Rhymes, Lu Wen's Five-character Rhyme is a modern poem, which must be rhymed in a flat voice. However, classical poetry is more free. For example, Jia Dao's classical poem "a note left for an absent ecluse" uses rhyming:
when I questioned your pupil, under a pine-tree, "My teacher," he answered, "went for herbs". But toward which corner of the mountain, how can I tell, through all these clouds?. 2, 4 rhymes: go, go.
Li Bai's thoughts on quiet nights are also ancient poems, and he chose a flat rhyme:
so bright a gleam on the foot of my bed and could there have been a frost already?. I raise my head to gaze at the moon, Lowering my head, my nostalgia comes around.
Not only poems, but also the rhymes of different tones should be considered. Even if the same epigraph is used, there are different variations. For example, Liu Yong's "Man Jiang Hong" uses phonology:
Man Jiang Hong has two tones of 93 words, the first eight sentences have four rhymes, and the last ten sentences have five rhymes
Liu Yong
At the beginning of twilight.
⊙⊙⊙⊙⊙
Close to the island, the smoke in Polygonum cuspidatum is sparse, and the reed wind is weak.
⊙ ⊙
Many fishermen cross short boats and return the lights to the village.
⊙ ⊙
It hurts to wander when you send a traveler home.
⊙ ⊙
Tongjiang is good, and the smoke is deserted. Waves like dye, mountains like cut.
⊙
Around the bank of Yanling Beach, herons fly and fish jump.
⊙⊙⊙⊙⊙⊙⊙⊙⊙⊙⊙⊙⊙⊙⊙⊙⊙⊙⊙⊙⊙⊙⊙⊙⊙⊙⊙??
⊙⊙⊙⊙⊙
Going back and forth, singing a song, from military music.
⊙⊙
The flat rhyme selected in Jiang Kui's Manjianghong is:
It is 93 words with double tones, with eight flat rhymes in the first paragraph and ten five flat rhymes in the second paragraph
Jiang Kui
When Xianmu came, she was looking at it, and it was green and blue.
⊙
Under the banner and the clouds, we meet in front of the mountain.
⊙⊙⊙⊙
I ordered a group of dragons and gold as a yoke, and the jade was the crown.
⊙⊙
It's late at night and the wind will calm down, and no one will hear the ring.
⊙
Here's the magic. Try it. Dedicate yourself to the right and block the south of the Yangtze River.
⊙⊙⊙⊙
Send six thunderbolts and don't guard the East Gate.
⊙
You should laugh at the fact that a hero has no good hand, and a spring water walks away from Cao Cao.
⊙⊙⊙⊙
How do you know that people are in Xiaojianglou, between the curtains and the shadows?
⊙
Conclusion
For poems with unlimited rhyme, besides choosing the four tones, we should also pay attention to choosing the rhyme according to the number of words. There are four types of poetic rhyme: wide rhyme, middle rhyme, narrow rhyme and dangerous rhyme. If you use dangerous rhymes to write poems, it is difficult to choose rhymes because there are very few words in them.
Secondly, according to different ideas or emotions, we should also pay attention to the choice of rhyme. For example, poems expressing melancholy often choose to use rhyme. ?
Bianshui, Surabaya, flows to Guazhou Ancient Ferry, and Wu Shan is a little sad.
I think about it for a long time, and I hate it until I return home, and people lean on the building in the moonlight. Bai Juyi's
Sauvignon Blanc Bian Shui Liu
requires a rhyme to the end, and requires a higher rhyme, so we should pay special attention to the choice of rhyme. However, as long as the rhyme is not limited, of course, it can be adjusted at any time, and even it is not necessary to change the rhyme of the whole poem because of a word.@ Old Street Taste
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