In Guoyuannian (A.D.11), 18-year-old Li Qingzhao married Zhao Mingcheng, son of Tingzhi Zhao, assistant minister of the official department. Zhao Mingcheng, whose real name is Telford, is a student of Bianjing Taifu. He loved epigraphy and stone carving since childhood, and has compiled 30 volumes of stone carving records handed down from generation to generation. The young couple are like-minded, and both devote themselves to the study of epigraphy and calligraphy. Although "Zhao and Li are poor and frugal", "every time I report, I go out, quality clothes, take half a thousand dollars, and step into the country, and the city is famous." Returning, relatively chewing, claiming to be a person of Ge Zhi. " And set up a library in the "Home Returning Hall" at home to collect hundreds of classics and history. Whenever they have food, they like to drink tea and read books in the "Home Returning Hall". "They are willing to go to their hometown all the time." In the same hobby, Li Qingzhao's literary and artistic accomplishment has been further improved, and the relationship between husband and wife has become increasingly deep. The love between Zhao and Li is not only maintained by marriage, but also has a deep emotional foundation. The quiet and happy life in her early years laid the foundation for Li Qingzhao's early ci creation, and at the same time it became the content that she remembered when she was miserable in her later period.
Yu Jinshi's appreciation of various arts of calligraphy and painting, her infatuation with "concentration, ecstasy, sound, color, dogs and horses" and her simple social life relations have obviously influenced her life and creation. All kinds of artistic knowledge have enriched her aesthetic experience and helped her to have creative ideas and the ability to capture artistic images in her poetry creation. In addition, her simple social life relationship avoids the pollution of dirty and secular life, cultivates her interest in healthy life, and maintains her childlike yearning for the relationship between nature and people. Li Qingzhao, as the name implies, advocates freshness, beauty and nature. Zhao Mingcheng, her husband, praised her for her "beautiful writing and dignified taste". Li Qingzhao likes "accommodation" and "ease" in her life, but she is not tolerant of red tape and gorgeous decoration. In the preface to Jin Shi Lu, she claimed that "meat is the most important thing, clothes are the most important thing, and Kubinashi Pearl is decorated with jade, but there is no gilded embroidery in the room". This is quite similar to Su Shi, who is "pure in nature". Su Shi likes the breeze on the river and the bright moon in the mountains. He is keen on the creation of ci and pursues the beauty of simplicity and nature. Li Qingzhao's aesthetic ideal is similar to this. "She advocates inner beauty and fresh beauty of natural standards." Therefore, her early ci style is more graceful, euphemistic, implicit, simple and affectionate.
Among all the words, love words account for the largest proportion, which is very classic. She expressed her love boldly and truly with subtle twists and turns. Although Li Qingzhao's early life was dull and happy, the short separation of loving couples cast a faint sadness on the early love stories, which were euphemistic, tortuous and sincere, and played pure and beautiful love songs from the heartstrings. Because her emotional object is her husband, she is called "the word of a prince". These words show her desire for happy love, convey her childlike heart for her husband's love, and at the same time take this opportunity to ease her love anguish. For example, "A Piece of Plum":
Red lotus root is fragrant, and jade is lingering in autumn. Who sent the brocade book, the word geese returned, and the moon was full of the West Building. Flowers drift from one body of water to another.
Flow. One kind of lovesickness, two places of leisure. There is no way to eliminate this situation, only frown and mind.
This word is a well-known acacia song, but it is not a one-way acacia, but a two-way acacia. "a kind of acacia, two places are carefree", living in two places but missing each other. When her husband sent a brocade book, the poet remembered her husband's love for himself, and happiness came to him. His brow was tense because of loneliness, but he loved it so much that he couldn't help thinking about it, so loneliness and thoughts came to mind unconsciously. A "down" and an "up" accurately and concisely convey the complex and subtle changes of inner feelings. The "carefree sorrow" here is talking about acacia with a smile, which contains sweet comfort in a sigh of relief. Some people say that when love is realized, it will never be an existing experience. Love is always an exciting memory and a clear expectation. It is precisely because of the separation between husband and wife that the author truly realized the sweetness and happiness of love. The poet expresses his true feelings with vivid and delicate brushstrokes, creates a novel and simple artistic image with unpretentious language, and expresses farewell with subtle and graceful feelings, which is very beautiful and unique. And "Drunken Flowers",
Thick clouds are always worried, and the brain sells golden beasts. The festival is also a double ninth festival, and the jade pillow gauze kitchen is half cold at night. Dongli drinks until dusk, and faint chrysanthemum fragrance overflows his sleeves. Don't say clear autumn is not a person, the west wind rolls the flag and beads curtain, and the person in the curtain is thinner than that Huang Ju.
On the Double Ninth Festival, the lover is in the distance, the sky is gloomy, the fragrance is filled, the fog is filled, and the mood is confused. Especially when you wake up in the middle of the night, the chill penetrates into the sheets, making it easier to touch sadness. The last three sentences of ci are famous folk sentences, and drinking wine to drown one's sorrows did not bring the poet pleasure, but evoked the sorrow of lovesickness. A "thin" word is the place where the spirit of the whole word is concentrated. This is the significance of "wasting people for Iraq". The symbolic significance of autumn chrysanthemum in traditional poetry shows us a woman image with quiet and noble heart, but haggard with love. Poets see feelings with scenes and personify people with things, so as to blend scenes and give readers vivid feelings.
Limited by the times and women's status, there are no conditions and opportunities to display their talents in the social and political arena. Boudoir embroidery is her main life world, and perfect, complete, single-minded and sincere love has become her main life pursuit and spiritual pillar. Li Qingzhao's early husband-looking ci is a love song generated by her sincere heart for her husband. It has not only artistic beauty, but also pure emotional beauty, noble personality beauty and ethical beauty.
Li Qingzhao, a poetess, didn't completely shut herself up in a boudoir, but was always close to nature and felt the harmony and beauty of nature, which not only expanded her mind, but also cultivated her sentiment. "The emotional world expressed in her early poems can be divided into two parts, one is her love for her husband, the other is her love for natural scenery and her care for flowers and birds." Like A Dream, two poems describing natural scenery show her love for nature and lively and cheerful personality:
Last night, it rained suddenly and the wind blew, so I slept soundly and didn't consume wine. Ask the shutter man, Haitang is still there. Do you know that?/You know what? Do you know that?/You know what? It should be green, fat, red and thin.
This poem praising nature is full of youthful vitality. Using the technique of line drawing, one's subjective feelings are infiltrated into objective things, rather than simply imitating nature in form. Li Qingzhao accurately and vividly grasped and experienced the subtle changes of nature, and embodied the graceful and fresh ci style.
In a word, before Li Qingzhao went to the south, her ci style, whether it was Fu Wang's ci or the ci describing natural scenery, was elegant, implicit and euphemistic, with a touch of sadness at the same time. She uses fresh, elegant and natural artistic language to express her inner joy and sadness. However, due to the prosaic and leisurely life in this period, Li Qingzhao's vision is not broad, and her words are mostly shallow and low-key, limited to personal parting, which has little practical significance.
Social unrest and the unfortunate fate of life triggered the change of Li Qingzhao's ci style.
Jin fighters broke through the poet's life of "sleeping soundly without residual wine". 1 127 is a turning point in the history of the Song Dynasty and also a turning point in Li Qingzhao's life. 8 jin j captured bian city, Evonne, Zhao Huan captured the north. Zhao Gou fled south in a hurry and established a small dynasty in the Southern Song Dynasty. The great changes in the political situation made the poet change from a leisurely study life in the early stage to a wandering life in the later stage. This bitter experience enriched her later creation and made it radiate positive light, which was unmatched by her early creation. "
After the "Jingkang Change", disasters followed. First of all, the death of her husband hit her hard. Then a large number of paintings and calligraphy treasures "scattered into clouds" in the war; Then he was falsely accused of collaborating with the enemy. "Hou (Zhao Mingcheng) in urgent need, bachelor Zhang Feiqing brought jade pot to see Hou, portable. In fact, it is very precious. I don't know who passed it on, just say that there is a language of' granting money'. Or there are secrets. " What makes her sad is that the calligraphy and painting ink was stolen; After the "bonus" case, some shameless people in the market created rumors that she "remarried". After Li Qingzhao crossed the south, she lost everything she loved and lived a lonely and bitter life in her later years. The destruction, disaster and torture of the country have greatly changed his writing style in his later period, which is obviously different from that in his earlier period.
The great turmoil of the times and society will often change a person's life fate, thus changing a person's emotional state of mind. The difficulty of Jingkang threw Li Qingzhao from the warm boudoir study into the wandering refugees, which made her feel the pain of separation. Her husband's death gave her a heavy mental shock. However, the misfortune of life and the cruelty of fate cannot change her deep and persistent love for her husband. In the decades of widowhood, she supported her life and comforted her soul with her deep memory and love for her late husband. Most of Li Qingzhao's later works are memories of sweet love and happy past. For example, "in those days, I won the prize, I pulled out my sleeves, and I shared tea with the lively fire." .................................................................................................................................................................................. ("Fang Ting"); " Old weather and old clothes, only when feelings are not like home. "(Nan Gezi) and so on. The poet's power to raise the sail of life and continue sailing in the tragic world comes from his unswerving love support for his late husband. However, times have changed, and the beautiful memories and cruel reality have formed a strong contrast. "Feelings don't like home. "She looked forward to her husband's light and beautiful words in the early stage and turned into a heavy, sad and tearful love song for life and death. Such as "Lonely Goose":
A paper tent on a rattan bed sleeps. I can't say it without thinking. The agarwood is intermittent and the jade furnace is cold, and my feelings are like water. The flute sounded three times, the plum blossom was broken, and the spring was full. Small wind and thin rain rustle. Make people cry. Bagpipers go to Yulou, heartbroken people lean on it. A 10% discount is worth a lot of money, and no one gives it.
Death and separation feel different from nature. After all, there is still hope of reunion after the temporary departure of life, but the farewell of death is only the mourning spirit of the deceased. In the previous piece of plum, the poet "went to the blue boat alone" and looked forward to "who sent the brocade book". Although there are some bitterness and sadness, he is full of hope after all. Nowadays, "Bagpipers go to Yulou", and all the people who used to "lean on" Mei to enjoy the moon are gone. They want to fold plums, and there is "no one to send them". In contrast, loneliness and sadness are heartbreaking. People are separated forever, and the thoughts of their dead husbands are unforgettable. The change of fate, the suffering and the separation of life and death have not changed Li Qingzhao's single-minded love, but her mood has changed from "heartless" to "heartbroken" and her words have changed from bright and cheerful to gloomy and dignified. Image group, with bright colors such as red flowers, pale moon and green leaves, was replaced by bleak and desolate image group, showing her inner loneliness.
In her later years, The Sound Slow is the most outstanding work in Li Qingzhao's later poems, and it is also a love song dedicated to her late husband.
Looking around, lonely and sad. It's the hardest to stop breathing when it's warm and cold. Three glasses of light wine, how can you beat him? It's too late in the wind. Guo Yan is very sad, but this is an old acquaintance. Yellow flowers were piled all over the floor, withered and damaged. Who can pick them now? Look at the window,
How can a person be black! The phoenix tree is more drizzly, bit by bit. This time, what a sad sentence!
A series of overlapping words are used at the beginning of the word, which is very melodious and gives the whole word a heavy and sad atmosphere. In the bleak dusk, poets are looking for the past lost in their dreams, but the days when they drink tea, read books and laugh in the "Home Returning Hall" are gone forever. In his later years, he was too weak to resist the attack of the evening wind. A wild goose in the sky aroused infinite sadness. In the past, geese brought "brocade book", which was hope and love, but now it has caused endless disappointment and sadness. Once upon a time, I saw that chrysanthemums were "thinner than yellow flowers", but they were chic and narcissistic. Now, "yellow flowers are piled all over the ground", which means the sadness that life will die. In the past, "drinking in Dongli bar after dusk" still had some emotions in the depression, but now I sit alone by the window, listening to the drizzle of the phoenix tree, knocking on my heart bit by bit. This change of emotional course is not only a true portrayal of the poet, but also a symbol of the suffering of the times.
The word "love" runs through the whole from Wang Fu's poems in the early stage to his love songs in the later stage, but there is hope and expectation in Wang Fu's poems in the early stage, so the style is light and beautiful. After the great changes in the later period, Li Qingzhao changed from a young woman who looked at the flowing water in front of the building all day long and gazed intently at it, to a sad, tearful "dead woman" in her twilight years, singing a love song of life and death that was separated forever, and her style naturally became gloomy and sad.
In his later works, Li Qingzhao, like other poets in Du Nan, is also crying for salvation. His works are permeated with concern for social real life, which closely combines the anguish of personal loss with the suffering of the nation and society in the war-torn era, and his works are sad and depressed. "Words express feelings mainly with softness. Li Qingzhao holds a pen like a word, destroying both rigidity and softness. The main style is graceful and restrained. Its distinctive feature is that the work also reflects the sense of life experience of the country's demise and the family's demise, expressing patriotic feelings. " Nostalgia in Li Qingzhao's poems is closely combined with worrying about the country. Because his hometown is in the north, and the north has fallen, homesickness means missing the country, and looking forward to returning home means looking forward to the recovery of the motherland and mountains and rivers. This feeling is both personal and family, but it is obviously not limited to personal family. The pulse of the times beats in it and the voice of the people is reflected in it, which is very prominent in many later works. Such as Wuling Spring:
The wind has stopped the dust, the fragrant flowers have blossomed, and I am tired of combing my hair at night. Things are people, not everything, and tears flow first. It is said that Shuangxi Spring is still good, and it is also planned to make canoes. I'm afraid the ship can't carry much worry.
In the spring of Shuangxi, a famous scenic spot, the scenery is gorgeous, but the poet who experienced the pain of falling is sad and heavy. Even the stern boat of Shuangxi can't carry it. This kind of "worry" can be seen as the pain of mountains and rivers and how deep the grief is.
Another example is Yong Yule:
The sunset melts into gold, and the clouds merge, where are people? Dye willow smoke and play plum flute. What do you know about spring? Is there no wind and rain when the weather is harmonious during the Lantern Festival? Come and meet each other, enjoy the BMW and thank the wine friends for their poems. Zhongzhou is in its prime, and the boudoir is full of leisure. Remember points three to five. Pave the green crown, twist the golden snow willow, cluster and fight for Chu. Now I am haggard, windy and frosty, and I dare not go out at night. It's better to listen to people laughing under the curtain.
The first film of this word rendered the Lantern Festival beautiful in spring. The next film first describes the Bianjing women dressed up and celebrating the Lantern Festival before crossing the south, and then describes the lonely mood of being in a state of affairs, going through hardships and not enjoying it. In contrast, the inner bitterness of not being able to win the life experience of the country is vividly manifested.
With the change of fate, Li Qingzhao consciously or unconsciously combined her personal life experience to reflect the turmoil and chaos of the times, expressed the reality of mountains and rivers through fond memories of the past, and expressed her deep thoughts for the motherland with subtle and cordial feelings for daily life. The field of vision is gradually expanding, unlike the previous dynasties, which only stayed in a narrow personal space, thus enhancing the practical significance.