The Han Dynasty is the first dynasty in the history of the Central Plains Dynasty in China, and the kiss of the princess in the Han Dynasty is what we are most familiar with. Different identities put different pens, and their images and meanings are also very different. The four perspectives of history books, poems, legends and operas respectively represent four identities and four positions of rulers, literati, ordinary people and folk artists. The combination of the four is the epitome of the whole era. Next, we will look at the Han Dynasty and the princess from these four angles.
From a historical point of view, pro-princess and pro-princess played a very important role in the external rule and peace of the dynasty, such as military mediation, border trade, submission to vassals, learning to admire Chinese culture and so on. The images of princesses and their relatives in history are very thin and sad compared with those princes who are famous, successful and respected. Directly reflected in historical records, it can be said that there are very few, and historians are not willing to write more about this group of poor women who used to be related to the border. In the early Spring and Autumn Period, intimacy became a custom, and in the early Han Dynasty, it became a foreign institutionalized policy. Its core purpose is to slow down the troops, promote peace and help the poor.
The Han Dynasty was a crucial dynasty in China's ancient history of pro-marriage, not only because it institutionalized pro-marriage, but also because the rulers of the Han Dynasty implemented pro-marriage policies to maintain the stability of the Han Dynasty, people's lives and economic prosperity. The country of Han Dynasty was mainly Xiongnu, and Wang Zhaojun, a relative between Han and Hungary, played an extremely important role. The first marriage in the history of the Han Dynasty was the result of the defeat of Emperor Gaozu Liu Bang in a head-on confrontation with the Xiongnu army. On the siege of Deng Bai, the Western Han Dynasty saw clearly that the Xiongnu was strong and the Han Dynasty declined, and Liu Bang was forced to adopt a humiliating pro-DPRK policy in exchange for development time. Gaudi said, "Very good." I want to send princess royal. Lv Hou cried day and night and said, "I am just a prince and a daughter. How can I give up the Huns!" In fact, I can't send princess royal, but I want to make my son princess royal and my wife Khan. Let Liu Jing get married and make an appointment.
Regarding this marriage, the princess is not the daughter of the imperial clan, but an ordinary family member, that is, a cloth or imperial secretary with no official name and surname. Her task is to exchange her life for peace in a certain period of the Han Dynasty. It's like persuading Liu Bang: "He knows that Han is suitable for women, and he is generous. Barbarians will worship E Shi, children will become princes, and they will become Khan. who is it? Greedy for money Your Majesty asked a few things left by Han Dynasty 18 years old, because he asked the debater to be sarcastic with courtesy. Modu chanyu, solid for son-in-law; When you die, your grandson is Khan. " The princess who kissed this time was abandoned by Han Ting as an out-and-out tool, otherwise it would not be mentioned in the history books. In contrast, Wang Zhaojun is happier, thoroughly remembered by history books and immortal.
"Jingdi complex with the huns, close, with khan, sent weng Lord, for the former. In the end, the emperor in the world has thieves and no big ones. " Princess Qin was overwhelmed by the achievements of emperors, the deeds of ministers and the lives of the people, and her image was thin and not prominent. Most of the history books are taken under the cross, used at any time, and then recorded as a kind of imperial deeds. This is a princess from a historical perspective. Until modern times, no one paid attention to understand them, to know their greatness and magic, and to look at this thin, complex and distinctive image of the princess through mottled historical reflection.
What needs to be explained here is that there are too few records about the pro-princess in historical documents, so scholars can only write poems with Wang Zhaojun, who has the most historical materials and the most outstanding contribution, as the most representative figure and pro-princess in the Han Dynasty. Scholars use different styles to evaluate Wang Zhaojun and describe his image. Under the description of poetry, the image of the princess headed by Wang Zhaojun is more plump, and his fate has also been thought and pitied by more people. Wang Zhaojun married the Huns far away and used his life and fate to maintain the peaceful relationship between the Han Dynasty and the Huns. Scholars of later generations felt Wang Zhaojun's fate under the background of her environment, and wrote their true feelings in their poems.
It is a true portrayal of Wang Zhaojun, and it is also the fate that those who are close to the princess can't change. A sense of sadness is vividly on the paper. Mr. and Mrs. Wang Zhaojun, separated in their hometown, endured silently alone in a foreign country with different customs and languages, and their inner sadness can be imagined. According to legend, Wang Zhaojun wrote "Song of Discontent" to express his sadness and difficulty in knowing each other: "Qiu Shu grew up and Ye Huang. Birds in the mountains gather in bud mulberry. Lift the feather and describe the light. There are clouds, and the upper reaches are curved. Being out of the palace is absolutely magnificent and ruined. If you are determined to keep your mind down, don't be antagonistic. Although I have to beg, my heart is wandering. I am alone, and contact has become more frequent. Swallow, stay away from Xiqiang. The mountains are steep and the rivers are vast. Mom and dad, it's a long way. Well, I'm worried. "
Later generations of literati chanted Zhao Jun, mostly writing poems with "resentment" as the main body. Shen Yue, a poet in the Southern Dynasties, wrote the poem "Revenge of Zhao Jun": "Try looking south with tears, and the mountains are gloomy and craggy. It began with Yangchun song and ended with a bitter song. Only three or five nights, the bright moon has passed. " Wang Zhaojun sang in tears in the cold and brutal land of Xiongnu, and his sad image was more vivid and true. In addition to mourning, the poet also praised Zhaojun's achievements in historical sandstorms and scrolls, and portrayed Zhaojun's image of righteousness and great achievements. After Zhao Jun and Qin, the number of Sino-Hungarian wars became less and less, and the scale of the wars became smaller and smaller. Naturally, the poet wrote down the images of Zhaojun and Xiongnu in his poems to maintain the stability of the frontier.
Wang Zhaojun in Tang Dynasty: "Xian E married today, and the proud son is proud of himself. The halberd has returned to the field and there are many cattle and sheep around. " Zhaojun left the fortress, the border was stable, and the people of the two countries lived and worked in peace and contentment. Zhao Yongjun by Wang Zun in the Tang Dynasty: "The Emperor of the Han family was in Huanying Town, but Hu Qiang in Saibei did not stop. The fierce counselor is expensive, and the moth is full of dust. " And Liu Zikai's "Zhao Fei is out of the fortress" in the Song Dynasty: "Shameful Danqing strives for beauty and laughs for the king. Xijing has its own Kirin Pavilion, which was painted for the hero Huo Wei. " Here, Wang Zhaojun's achievements and contribution directly rose to the height of a famous minister in the Han Dynasty, and he was a great hero in maintaining the mountains and rivers of the Han Dynasty. Sad and great, tragic fate and peace, died in a foreign country and became famous in his hometown, which is the Zhao Jun described by literati.
The images of Princess Zhaojun and her relatives in folklore have been greatly enriched under the description of intellectual poems. With the description of folk artists and ordinary people, the image of Princess Zhaojun has been enriched and sublimated, which is closer to folk life. Wang Zhaojun is not called a princess in historical materials and poems, but at most she is a "fairy", but among the people, she is called a princess because of her contribution to Zhaojun and his relatives. Other pro-princesses are also depicted in folklore, leaving a unique landscape for the historical picture of pro-princesses in Han Dynasty. When the pro-princesses are pushed to an unknown place by the rolling tide of history, they are treated differently in folklore, processed by their own imagination in historical facts, and created unique pro-princesses with unpretentious but meaningful language.
Optimistic and loving, peace-loving.
Emerald, a folklore story, tells the story of an unknown princess and her husband who left a kind hero image in the hearts of the Han and Hungarian people with their wisdom and persistence. The story tells: Han and Hungary fought for years and the people were poor. For the sake of peace, the Han dynasty once again adopted in-laws to solve this disastrous war. This time, I went to the Xiongnu and the princess to make four strange demands: "No gold and silver, no net forging, no tea and wine, no horses." All she wants is the jade in the back garden of Emperor Wu of Han Dynasty. After many language encounters, she finally embarked on a journey of marriage with jade. When Princess Qin and his wife arrived at the Sino-Hungarian border, they buried the emerald in the soil. Years later, this place became an oasis in the desert. Xiongnu Khan also respected her for her intelligence, virtue and understanding.