The first-year Chinese composition tutoring should start from the following links: review of the topic, conception, material selection, assembly, writing and revision. The first tutoring topic: Review of questions is the basis for writing propositional compositions and is also one of the keys to the success or failure of compositions. Topic review is also called problem solving, which requires careful analysis of the topic, review the meaning and requirements of the topic, determine the scope of material selection, determine the genre, content, writing focus, writing method that is suitable for the topic, and determine the central theme of the article. Some primary school students have not developed the habit of carefully reviewing the questions when writing essays, so they do not pay attention to the importance of reviewing the questions, or do not even want to review the questions. Some even do not even look carefully at the title and requirements of the composition, and just write and draw as soon as they pick up the pen. , as a result, there are phenomena such as deviations from the topic, digressions, and loose topics. Some even have the tragedy of "writing a thousand words but digressing thousands of miles". So, how to review the topic of primary school proposition composition? 1. Clarify the limitations and requirements of proposition questions. Propositional compositions often limit the content of the article and make requirements. Therefore, when reviewing the topic, you must first clarify what restrictions and requirements there are for the essay topic. Generally speaking, the limitations of propositional composition include genre, time, place, quantity, narrative objects and their relationships, etc. Once these are clarified, it is easy to determine the scope of material selection for the composition. 1. Genre. For primary school students, they usually focus on practicing writing narratives. When we review the topic, we should also classify it to see clearly whether it belongs to "writing about people, describing scenes, recording events, describing objects" or "diaries, letters, and reflections after reading (viewing)". For example, "My Teacher" (the theme of the competition includes people around me) is about people; "Beautiful Hometown - Lanzhou" (the theme of the competition includes changes in my hometown) is about scenery; "An Unforgettable Thing" (the theme of the competition is about changes in my hometown) "Things around me") is a record of events; "Feelings after watching the National Day Parade" (the theme of the competition has feelings about the military parade) is a post-viewing review. The difference between a diary and a letter is more obvious. 2. Time. For example, in "Evening in Hometown", the time range is very specific, it is "evening"; in "National Day Insights", the time is National Day. 3. The place and place are such as "New Style on Campus" (the theme of the competition is colorful life). The people and things written should happen on campus rather than outside the campus. 4. Quantity. For example, "Two or Three Unforgettable Things in Summer Vacation Life" can be written about two or three things, but not just one, nor even ten or eight; the main character narrated in "An Unforgettable Person" is one, Instead of two or three. 5. Narrated objects and their relationships. For example, "My Classmates" and "My Classmates and I", these two titles are about the relationship between classmates, but the object of the former title is "classmates", while the object of the latter title is not It's "me" and "classmates". The narrative objects of "I Love Chinese Textbooks" are "I" and "Chinese Textbooks", and the relationship is between people and things. Of course, the genre, time, place, quantity, narrative objects and their relationships limited by propositional compositions are not limited to every composition topic, either one, two, or three. 2. When reviewing the topic, analyze the key terms of the topic, focus on the "topic eye", and determine the key terms of the central topic, which is the "topic eye" of the essay title. The "title" often indicates the central idea of ??the article and reveals the meaning of the title. Catching the "eye of the question" means grasping the focus of the composition. 1. The title of the composition is a word, and the title is the "eye of the question". Such as "Mom", "Spring Outing", "Lotus", etc. When writing a composition, you must grasp the "topic" and figure out whether you are writing about people, things, or scenes, and then make associations, determine the center, and complete the composition. 2. Title In , the word that generally plays a modifying role is "title eye". For example, "Ten minutes between classes", "Cute toys", "An unforgettable thing", "Proud dad", etc. The questions are "between classes", "cute", "unforgettable" and "proud". 3. The verb in the essay title is usually "question eye". For example, "This incident taught me", "I love my little alarm clock", "Visiting the Martyrs Cemetery", "Uncle Wang Qingming Festival", etc. The titles are "education", "love", "paying homage", " "Memory". If we can focus on the "topic" before writing a composition, we will be able to grasp the center of the article when writing the composition, and avoid the phenomenon of straying from the topic, digressing from the topic, or even "writing a thousand words, digressing thousands of miles from the topic". 3. Analyze and find out the sky beyond the limitations of the topic, expand your thinking, and select a wide range of materials. With the above-mentioned restrictions on proposition composition, is it not conducive to the expansion of students’ thinking, and is the scope of material selection too narrow? No. In addition to some necessary restrictions and requirements, proposition compositions often have a large non-restrictive range, which means that the range of material selection is very wide, which is helpful for students to expand their ideas, make associations, and capture the bright spots in life. For example: "An Interesting Thing in Summer Vacation", analysis: ① Genre: narrative writing about things; ② The title is "interesting", as long as it is interesting, there is no limit to the topic. Then, we can open our minds, relax our thinking, and expand our horizons to select materials. What to write? swim? See a movie? Doing housework? Voluntary labor? etc. ③The time limit is summer vacation; ④The quantity limit is one item, but summer vacation life lasts for more than a month, interesting things happen almost every day, and there are at least dozens of "interesting things" to choose from. It can be seen from this that limitations The scope is very large, and the selection of materials is very wide. Another example is "Remembering a Person Around Me". Analysis: The object of the narrative is "people" and the relationship is "people around me". This is limited by the title, but there are many people around me who can be written about: father, mother, teacher. , classmates, neighbors, etc., there are no restrictions.
Therefore, when we write propositional compositions, we should not be restricted. We should not only pay attention to the limitations and requirements of the composition topic, but also analyze and find the sky beyond the limitations of the topic, expand our thinking, and select a wide range of materials. The second tutoring topic: Setting the intention is to determine the theme of the article and clarify the central idea to be reflected in the article. The purpose of the article should be to refine the basis of life and strive to reflect some of the fundamental things in life. In order to achieve this goal, we must strive to be correct, focused, novel and profound. 1. Correct conception is the fundamental requirement of composition. We often hear that so-and-so’s articles are very thoughtful, which mainly depends on the profoundness of the author’s creative intentions. Generally speaking, the intention of our compositions should be positive and healthy, strive to reflect the essential content of life, and have a certain degree of social universality. In other words, the topic of the article should be something that everyone can recognize or actively advocate. For example, when writing "My Thoughts after Watching the National Day Military Parade", you should write about your love and praise for the great motherland after the military parade, and your determination to study hard to make the motherland more prosperous. This is the correct intention. 2． An article can only have one central idea and highlight one theme. Just like when we talk in daily life, we cannot express two meanings at the same time; otherwise, others will be confused and confused. A composition can be about one thing or several things; it can be about one person or several people, but the main meaning expressed is one, which is the central idea of ??the article. Concentration of purpose means to highlight the central idea; the more prominent it is, the more appealing the article will be. For example, when writing "One Unforgettable Thing", you should focus on how this thing made you unforgettable, its significance to your growth, or its educational significance to you, etc. Just highlight a theme. 3． The idea of ??novelty should be new, which emphasizes that the topic of the article should be unique; if it is unique, it is different from popular things. In normal times, when we hear something new from others, we find it fascinating or interesting. The same principle applies to establishing new ideas. When writing articles, you cannot always repeat the same old tune, write what others have written long ago, and say what others have said long ago. How is this different from the meaningless “study of tongues”? Therefore, we must strive for innovation and actively write things that "everyone has in their hearts but not in their pens". In this way, your articles can be unique and popular. In fact, the times are developing, society is progressing, and new things are emerging one after another. It is not a problem to write articles with novel ideas. For example, some students wrote "A Letter to a Thief" to dissuade this kind of criminal behavior by writing letters to the thief. The idea is novel and original. 4． Profound intention and profound intention are the goals pursued in writing. When we say that the intention should be profound, we should strive to make the article reflect the deep thoughts and reveal the deep issues. To do this is of course not a simple matter. It requires a solid foundation in social life and in-depth thinking about life as a premise. Therefore, it is extremely important for each of us to go deep into life. When faced with a composition topic or material, we must have as profound an idea as possible. The key lies in whether we can match the immediate requirements with the thinking and problems in real life, find a good combination point, and combine the insights according to the formal requirements. The philosophies of life and practical issues encountered are revealed. In this way, the article will have "weight", be influential, and be thought-provoking. For example, a classmate used the daily chore of looking in the mirror to express her indignation at the bad habits and bad habits of Chinese people and teenagers, as well as her dissatisfaction with our own living conditions, and expressed that she would pursue a straightforward and bright direction in her future life. (Song Yuke's "Mirror. Man") The third tutoring theme: Selecting and assembling materials 1. Write what is useful and don't write what is useless. Make choices based on the center. The center is the basis for material selection and tailoring. We must strive to select materials that best express the center and decisively discard materials that have nothing to do with the center. Only in this way can the center be effectively highlighted. For example, when writing "One Unforgettable Thing I Am", just choose one of your most unforgettable things to write about, and discard all the irrelevant things, because everything else is useless. 2. When writing about typical things, instead of writing about general things, you should choose the most representative materials that best reflect the essence of things, which are what people often call typical materials. Such materials are the most convincing and expressive. For example, when writing "Beautiful Hometown - Lanzhou", you should choose the most representative things such as the Yellow River, Zhongshan Iron Bridge, Beef Noodles, Peach Blossoms, etc. that best represent the image of Lanzhou, and focus your writing on them, but you cannot give too many examples and keep a running account. That's not possible. 3. Write something novel and lively, instead of writing something stereotyped and dull, use novel and distinctive materials. Only when the material is unconventional can it please readers and enhance the expressiveness and appeal of the article. It would be too vulgar and unoriginal to write about students' hard work and "burn the midnight oil" as the material, and to write about teachers' dedication as "going to class despite being sick." When we write, we must strive to put more effort into selecting materials, so that I do not repeat what others have said exactly; I do not copy the materials that others have used. This way we can avoid generalization and make it refreshing. You can write about students studying hard like this: They are doing homework in their dreams. 4. Write concrete and not empty materials. Use concrete, "flesh and blood" materials instead of "materials" that are empty, "shadowy and intangible". For example, if you want to write about a person who doesn't distinguish between right and wrong and only talks about brotherly loyalty, it would be relatively empty to use friends who say that he is "good enough" and "truthful" as the material. Instead, choose a specific thing that can reflect this characteristic of him (such as helping someone). People are detained during fighting), which is more specific. Remember: small concrete things are better than big, empty things. The components can be written in sequential order, chronological order, primary and secondary order, etc.
The Fourth Tutorial Topic: Other Notes on Writing 1. Beginning and Ending Primary school compositions are mainly narratives. Therefore, I think the beginning of it should follow the following two principles: First, the article should enter the title as soon as possible, avoid detours, and avoid Procrastination and verbosity When writing, some students make the beginning of their writing extremely long in order to make up the number of words. For example, when writing the essay "A Corner of Campus", some students first introduced the location of the student's school, then wrote the distance between "my" home and the school, then wrote about the school's teachers and classmates, and finally wrote "I" "My favorite corner of the campus, this kind of beginning is really like "a thousand words are written, and the topic is thousands of miles away." You shouldn’t start the topic too slowly, but you shouldn’t be too hasty either. When writing "A Corner of the Campus", some students begin with "A corner of the campus is to the west of the playground, where there is..." This kind of beginning seems to be straight to the point, but it lacks the necessary foreshadowing, and there is nothing to say at the end of the writing. Therefore, you must choose a just right entry point, which can not only get straight to the point, directly or indirectly, but also do not enter the topic too hastily, giving people a sense of urgency. Second, the beginning should be novel and engaging, and avoid being the same. At the primary school level, narratives are mainly about reflecting objects, that is, describing people, narratives, scenes, and objects. In the past, many students often used a certain format to start their exams in order to get high scores. For example: when writing about people, they will write "I know many people, but the most worthy of my unforgettable (admiration, love, etc.) is ×××..."; when writing about things, they will write "In my childhood "Many things happened in the book, but only this one thing made me unforgettable (regret, pain, etc.)..." This opening pattern is also used to describe scenes and objects, which are the same and have no new ideas at all. Therefore, the beginning of the article should not be too rigid. The form of the beginning should be determined according to the different titles, styles, and contents of the composition. Many years of Chinese language teaching have enabled me to summarize several ways to start. Here are some common ways to start. The first is a narrative beginning. This is the most commonly used opening method in primary school. It is plain and simple, but it naturally enters the topic, so that readers can naturally read what the following content is. This method of beginning begins naturally in chronological order, mainly explaining the time, place, person, etc. that things happened. Most of the texts in primary school Chinese textbooks begin like this; some start with the end of things or the development of things. The beginning of the story is called a flashback. For example, in "Memories of Sixteen Years Ago" in Volume 12 of Primary School Chinese, the author first wrote that April 28, 1927 was the day of the crucifixion, and he would never forget that day. This made readers eager to know the specific situation, causing Suspense, and then recalling the scene at that time, it is logical and not far-fetched. The second type is a descriptive beginning. The use of this kind of beginning can catch the reader's heart at once, and the people, things, scenery and objects to be written can be highlighted. When writing about people, we can start by describing the image of the person we want to write about, or the person's back or other distinctive features; when writing about things, we can first describe a scene or several characters in the development process of the matter; describe the scene When describing an object, you can describe the main features or appearance of the scene at the beginning. This opening method is similar to the beginning of writing by looking at pictures. It makes people read like a wonderful picture in front of them and arouses the reader's interest in reading the whole article. The third type starts with a quotation. This method is to start by quoting other people's words or opinions. In our elementary school, we mainly start with stories, legends, myths, fables, poems, songs, proverbs, etc. For example, the second volume of Xiaoyu "Guilin Landscape" begins with "Guilin's landscape is the best in the world", and the seventh volume of "Tide Observation" contains the saying or saying "The Qiantang River tide is a wonder in the world". The beginning immediately catches the readers' hearts. , giving it a desire to take a quick look. Our Chinese nation has a long history and rich language. No matter what kind of article you want to write, there will be corresponding beautiful language for you to quote. For example, when writing about family disputes, we can start with "It is difficult for an upright official to resolve household affairs"; when writing about neighborhood relations, we can start by citing "Distant relatives are not as good as near neighbors"... There are too many such materials, as long as you pay more attention and read more, Read more newspapers and you won’t have to worry about finding a suitable quote to start with. The fourth type starts with borrowing things. The difference between this kind of beginning and the above ones is not very obvious, and it can also be classified into the above types. However, because this kind of beginning can be written in various forms and it is easy to find the appropriate entrance, it is introduced separately. It mainly has two composition teaching types: borrowing objects and borrowing sounds. The so-called borrowing means borrowing an item, which is a clue or end to the occurrence and development of something. For example, the example essay "Little Wooden Boat" in the primary school Chinese textbook belongs to this kind of beginning; you can also borrow a photo or portrait to start. For example, in a composition about people, we can start by describing the appearance of the person in the photo or the characteristics of the portrait. Content, and then point out who you want to write about or the origin of the photos, portraits, etc., naturally introduce a recall-style narrative, talk about it, and smoothly enter the title narrative. The so-called borrowing of sound means borrowing a sound. This sound is not limited to human voices. It can be various sounds in nature, the "rustling" sound of trees shaking, the "chirping" sound of birds, etc.; it can be the sound of cats and dogs. A cry; it can be the clatter of pots and pans in the kitchen; it can also be beautiful music or singing, etc. Specifically, when writing about people or things, you can start with the familiar voice of the person you are writing about, it can be his hearty laughter, or her gentle and sweet singing... This requires writing about specific people and things. When applied specifically, it is not necessary to use such a sound.
All in all, there are many more beginnings of articles, but the most important thing is how to grasp the general principles of the beginning and create them in practice. I believe that every student will "start writing" smoothly in writing and will no longer worry about the "beginning". Frowning. 1. Straight to the point method (1) Narrative method that explains the basic elements of the event. The beginning of "Between Waves" explains the time and place of the event: "In the early morning of August 28, 1945, looking down from Qingliang Mountain, I saw many people walking along the mountain road towards the airport outside the east gate. "The beginning of "Remembering a Table Tennis Match" explains the characters, causes and time of time. (2) A point-and-answer method that gets straight to the point and reveals the theme. The beginning of the article "Back View" reads: "I have not seen my father for more than two years. What I can't forget most is his back view." The beginning of the article "Praise to Poplar" reads: Said: "The poplar tree is really extraordinary, I praise the poplar tree." This method is also used at the beginning of "Silhouette of a Better Life". (3) The natural way to start an article is to start the article with the beginning of the matter. An article entitled "Remembering a Biology Class" begins like this: "The class bell rang, and everyone walked into the biology laboratory." 2. Non- The "non-cut to the point method" mentioned here does not mean that there is no "door", but the use of writing techniques (such as argumentation, description, lyricism, quotation, etc.), rhetorical methods (such as questions, metaphors, etc.) or other methods ( Such as setting up suspense, etc.) to decorate the "door" more beautifully, making the article more literary, and then expressing the theme more profoundly and vividly, making it more fascinating. For example: (1) The description method of describing the environment and exaggerating the atmosphere. The beginning of "Yilu Lihua" describes the natural environment: "Mountains, such big mountains! The undulating blue mountains are one after another, extending into the distance, disappearing into confusion. "In the spring scenery." It exaggerates the profound and confused atmosphere in the Ailao Mountains, and plays a role in setting off the touching stories of the border soldiers and civilians helping others in the later chapters. (2) Quotes of famous quotes, aphorisms and poems. The beginning of "The People's Servant": "Human life is limited, but serving the people is infinite. I will devote my limited life to unlimited service to the people." "Go." This is a famous passage in Lei Feng's diary. Starting with this passage undoubtedly plays a "literary" role in describing Lei Feng's deeds later. Bing Xin's article "Every Holiday" begins with a quote from Wang Wei's poem "Remembering the Brothers in Shandong on September 9th": "I am a stranger in a foreign land, and I miss my relatives even more during the holidays. I know my brothers from afar and plant dogwood trees everywhere. "One person." The topic is novel and sincere, pointing out the theme of missing relatives overseas. (3) Fascinating prompt method "The Second Examination" puts forward a strange thing at the beginning, which attracts the reader's attention and naturally makes people think of it. : "Why is this?" Eager to find the answer from the following text, thus enhancing the attractiveness of the article. (4) Questioning method to attract readers. There is an essay titled "My Hometown", which begins like this: "Friend, have you been to my hometown? You have climbed the mountains in my hometown and swam across my hometown. "Hometown water, have you ever eaten fat carp from my hometown?" There are many ways to write at the beginning of the article, but here are some common ones. In writing, sometimes you cannot use a single method, but a combination of several methods. Which method to use at the beginning should be considered based on the overall concept of the article, the need to express the central idea, the overall design throughout the article, and the most appropriate starting method. The end is as important as the beginning. The end of the article is also very important. A successful ending can enable readers to understand the content of the article more deeply and thoroughly, and further understand the central idea of ??the article; a wonderful ending can arouse readers' thinking and excitement, and enhance the appeal of the article. The ending should be like ringing a bell. , "There is more than enough clear sound". The choice of ending method must also be considered from an overall perspective, so that the events described are complete and clear, and the structure of the article echoes from beginning to end, so as to better express the center and achieve the purpose of writing. Here are some commonly used ending methods. (1) The natural and smooth interpretation of the result is Nie Hualing's "People, One Less", which describes the different images and expressions of a female beggar three years ago and shows the profound theme of personality degradation. The author did not add any comments or analysis in the article, but simply described the events in a line description. The ending reads: "With a bang, the door was kicked shut. The woman turned around, sneered, and then looked at me indifferently. She no longer recognized me!" This unmodified natural ending gave The readers are left with unlimited room for thinking and are endlessly evocative. The example article "Remembering a Table Tennis Match" also uses this ending method. (2) The ending should echo the beginning. This is a common way of writing narratives. Many articles reflect this feature. Mr. Guo Moruo's "Egret" begins by saying: "Egret is a delicate poem." At the end, he says: "Egret is really a poem, a prose poem that rhymes in the bones." "Egret is poetry." This An unusual metaphor, especially the ending that is embodied as a "prose poem", highlights the ordinary and beautiful, simple and noble characteristics of the egret, and praises the beauty of the egret. (3) The finishing touch of the full text summary method. This method generally uses an argumentative or lyrical way to summarize the center of the full text or to comment on the characters and events in the text. The concluding paragraph of the article "Who is the Loveliest Person" belongs to this type. This paragraph ends the article in both argumentative and lyrical ways. The last sentence highlights the topic: "You will definitely love our soldiers deeply, - they He is indeed our most lovable person!" The endings of the examples "The Colors of Spring" and "Dividing Rooms" are also like this.
Sometimes, famous quotes, aphorisms or poems can be used to summarize the whole text. Such an ending is even more concise and concise, playing a finishing touch. For example, in the last paragraph of "The Pear Blossoms on the Post Road" "I looked at this group of energetic little Hani girls and the white pear blossoms, and I couldn't help but think of the sentence, 'The pear blossoms are blooming everywhere on the Post Road.'" (4) Implicit and profound inspirational association method The ending of Mr. Lu Xun's "Hometown" is the most typical example: "I think: Hope does not matter whether it is there or not. This is just like the road on the ground; in fact, there is no road on the ground. When there are more people walking, it becomes Road." This passage is implicit, profound, and has a double meaning. It inspires people to bravely open the way to create a new life, sublimates the thoughts and feelings of the full text, and embodies Lu Xun's "tough" fighting spirit. The example article "The Passing Years" makes such an attempt at the end. (5) The exclamation method to inspire readers. The end of some articles is neither a summary center nor an inspiring association. Instead, the author directly expresses his heart and expresses strong love and hatred. The end of "Praise to the Poplar" loudly declares: "Let those who look down on the people, despise the people, and stubbornly regressive people praise the aristocratic nanmu (which is also straight and graceful) and despise this extremely common and easy-to-grow tree. The poplar tree, I want to praise the poplar tree loudly!" The end of the article is the same as the beginning. The methods are also flexible and diverse, and there is no fixed pattern. The methods provided above are for reference only. When writing, you should follow the content and the center. It needs to be used appropriately and cannot be applied mechanically. 3. Paper surface and writing (1). Correct format: Pay special attention to the format requirements of special styles, such as letters, diaries, etc. (2) Pay attention to typos and use punctuation marks correctly. (3). The paper should be neat and tidy, with as few corrections as possible. The corrections should be neat, with clear handwriting and fluent writing.