The story of planting a tree-camel
In Tang Dynasty: Liu Zongyuan
Camel Guo, I don't know its original name. Sick and prostrate, there are camel-like people, known as "camels" in their hometown. The camel heard it and said, "Very good. Name me. " Because of its name, it also calls itself a camel cloud.
Its hometown is called Fengle Township, which is in the west of Chang 'an. Camel industry plants trees, and all rich people in Chang 'an are eager to welcome and raise them for sightseeing and selling fruits. Depending on the trees planted by camels, or the migration, all of them are alive, and they are rich and rich. Although other planters are watching the effect, they can't be like this.
I asked him, saying, "The camel can not prolong the life of the tree, but also breed it, and it can conform to the nature of the tree, so that its nature is not good. Where the nature of planting trees is concerned, it wants to be comfortable, its cultivation wants to be flat, its soil wants to be old, and its construction wants to be dense. Now that you're gone, don't move, don't worry, don't look back. If it is also a child, if it is abandoned, it will be full of nature and its nature. Therefore, I don't harm its long, and I have to be able to recognize it. It's just a matter of not restraining consumption, and it's not necessary to be early and sweet. Other planters are not. Roots are easy to punch and soil is easy to cultivate, but if they are not too strict, they will be inferior. If you have the ability to be opposite, you love it again, worry too much, look at it and caress it at dusk, and go back to it. What's more, you claw your skin to test its health and dryness, shake its roots to observe its density, and the nature of wood will leave you. Although you love it, it is actually harmful; Although I am worried about it, I actually hate it, so I don't want it. What can I do? "
The questioner said, "Is it ok to transfer the official principles from the way of children?" Tuo said, "I only know how to plant trees. It's official, not my business. However, I live in my hometown, and those who are good at others are very annoyed by their orders. If I am very pity, I will die in disaster. When the official arrived at dusk, he called out,' The official orders urge you to plow, mow and plant, and you will reap. You will weave early and weave early, and you will be young, so you will be a chicken and a dolphin.' Gather the drums, hit the wood and call them. My little people quit school to work for the officials, and they can't have leisure. How can I be happy and secure? Therefore, I am sick and lazy. If so, is it similar to our industry?
The questioner said, "Hey, what a good husband! I asked about raising trees, and I have to raise people. " Pass it on as an official warning.
Translation
Guo Tuo, I don't know what his first name was. He suffered from the disease of bent back, and bent down to walk with his back protruding, just like a camel, so the villagers called him "camel". After hearing this, the camel said, "This name is very good. It is really appropriate to call me that." So he gave up his original name and called himself "camel".
His hometown is Fengle Township, which is to the west of Chang 'an. Guo Tuo's occupation is planting trees, and all the rich people in Chang 'an who engage in garden sightseeing and fruit trading are vying to take him home for support. Observing the trees of the camel species, some are transplanted, and none are not alive; And grow tall and lush, and bear fruit early and much. No one can match other tree planters even if they secretly observe and admire imitation.
Someone asked him why he planted trees well, and he replied, "Our camel can not make trees live long and grow fast, but can adapt to the nature of trees and realize their own habits. However, in the method of planting trees, its roots should be stretched, its soil should be evenly cultivated, the soil under its roots should be the original soil for cultivating saplings, and it should be compacted and firm. Have done this, don't move, don't worry about it, leave it and never look back. When planting, you should be as careful as your children, and after planting, you should put it aside like throwing it away, so that the nature of the tree can be preserved and its habits can be realized. So I just don't hinder its growth, and there is no way to make it grow tall and lush; It just doesn't inhibit or reduce its results, and there is no way to make it bear more fruits early. Other tree planters are not like this, and the roots of the trees have changed; When he cultivates the soil, it is either too tight or too loose. If there are people who can do the opposite, they will be too stingy with them, fearing that it is too much. They went to see it in the morning, touched it at night, left and went back to see it. What's more, it even crushes the bark to see if it is dead or alive, and shakes the roots to see if it is planted firmly, so that the nature of the tree goes away day by day. Although I love it, it actually hurts it. Although I worry about it, it actually hates it. So they are not as good as me. What can I do? "
The person asked said, "Is it feasible to apply your method of planting trees to being an official and governing the people?" Tuotuo said, "I only know how to plant trees. Being an official and governing the people is not my profession. But I live in a village, and I see those officials like to give orders constantly, as if they are very fond of (the people), but the people will be harmed in the end. In the morning and in the evening, those petty officials came running and shouted,' Sir's orders: urge you to plow, encourage you to plant, urge you to harvest, cook cocoons early, weave your cloth early, raise your children and feed your chickens and pigs.' How can we thrive and make our hearts and minds stable when we ordinary people stop eating breakfast and dinner to comfort those petty officials? So we are both poor and tired. Like this (governing the people is a nuisance), it is probably similar to my tree planting business, right? "
The person who asked said," Isn't that great? I asked the method of planting trees and got the method of governing the people. " I preach about it as a warning to the officials.
Note
tuó camel: camel. Here refers to hunchback.
beginning: at first.
fistula (lǘ): suffering from the disease of bending back.
Protruding: The back protrudes and bends to walk.
There are classes: some are like.
No.1: Give him a nickname. Number, nickname.
One: pronoun, referring to the nickname.
Name me properly: it's really appropriate to call me that. Names, salutations and nouns are used as verbs. G: Indeed. When: appropriate.
Cause: So, just, adverb. Give up: give up. Name: His original name.
predicate: called. Yun: The modal particle at the end of the sentence can be translated as "le" here.
Chang 'an: Xi 'an is now the capital of the Tang Dynasty.
industry: taking ... as an industry, with nouns as verbs.
for sightseeing: operating garden tours. For, engage in, manage.
Fight for adoption: Fight for employment (Guo Tuo), adopt: hire.
or: or. Migration: refers to transplantation. Migration, migration.
shuomao: tall and lush.
Early fruiting: Early fruiting. Real, the result is real, and nouns are verbs. To: Moreover, conjunction has the same function as "er". Fan: many.
Other planters: other people who plant trees. Spy: to spy on secretly. Appreciate: imitate, and admire also means "effectiveness". Spying on the effect: observing secretly, admiring and imitating.
Mo: No one, pronoun. Be comparable to, be comparable to, be comparable to.
Yes, he was asked (about his experience in planting trees).
wood: a tree. Camel: The most solemn and respectful self-calling method of the ancients is to call itself by its name, which can be translated as "I". Longevity and fruit (zΟ): Live long and multiply. To breed.
day: refers to the natural growth law. Causality: make it grow according to its own nature. To bring about. Yan Er: It's just that modal particles are used at the end of the sentence.
where: everything, all, indicating generalization, adverb. Nature of planting trees: planting trees according to their nature. Sex refers to the inherent characteristics of trees.
Ben: tree root. Desire: want. Shu: Stretch. Pei: Cultivate the soil.
therefore: old.
construction: tamping soil. Mi: Strong.
since: it's already like this. It's (done) finished. Don't move: don't touch it again.
Don't worry: Don't worry about it any more.
Go: Leave. C: Look back. Its: if, conjunction.
Shi: planting. Ruozi: Be as careful as your children.
set aside. Abandon: ignore it as if it were discarded.
Then the nature of the tree can be preserved and its nature can be obtained. Then: Then, conjunctions. Speaker: auxiliary words, nonsense.
No harm to its growth: no hindrance to its growth. Just: just, the modal particles are used at the end of the sentence.
Shuo Mao: Use the verb to make it tall and lush.
In fact, not inhibiting consumption means not inhibiting and consuming its fruit (the ripening process).
Early and rich: use the verb to make ... (fruiting) early and abundant.
Root Boxing: Root Boxing. Soil exchange: replace with new soil.
If it's not too much, it's not enough: if it's not too much, it's not enough. If … then …, if … then (just), connect the fixed structure of hypothetical complex sentences. Yan: The modal particles in the sentence are meaningless.
Gou: If, conjunction. Contrarian: A person who is the opposite.
Love *: Love it too much. Well, it's affectionate. This can be extended to the meaning of "deep".
Worrying too much: worrying too much.
What's worse: more serious. Very, very serious
Claw the skin: pinch the bark. Claw, pinch, used as a verb. To: express the purpose, conjunction, used for. Inspection: inspection, observation. Life and death: to be alive or to die.
Density: refers to the looseness and tightness of soil.
Day by day: lost day by day. With, conjunctions, adverbials and verbs, no translation.
If you don't: If you don't, you can't compare with me. In negative sentences, pronouns are usually placed before verbs when they are used as objects. If, and, keep up with, verb.
Zhi: auxiliary word, de. Tao: refers to the experience of planting trees.
Zhi: Pronouns refer to the Tao of planting trees. Official management: governing the people for the officials. Reason, governance, Tang people avoid the emperor Li Zhi taboo, change "governance" to "reason".
It's just that.
Li: Manage the people.
A person who is long (zh ? ng) refers to a local official who is an official and governs the people. The chief of a big county is called "Ling" and the chief of a small county is called "Chang". Annoy its orders: constantly giving orders. Bored, make numerous.
If you are very pitiful, you seem to love (the people). Yan: pronoun, the same as "zhi".
and: but, conjunctions. Death by disaster: Death by disaster ends with disaster (people). Pawn, over.
Official order: the order of the government. Promote farming: urge you to farm.
hmm (xù): encourage. Plant: plant.
supervisor: urge. Harvest: harvest.
silk reeling (sāo): cocoon cooking and spinning. And: pass "er", you. Thread: thread head. Reeling early: Reeling your silk early.
Weave early: Spin your thread early. A thread.
word: nurture.
tún: Feed your chickens and pigs well. Then, grow up smoothly. Dolphin, pig.
gather: gather the people. Gather: to gather.
wood: this refers to the wooden bang.
My villain: We ordinary people. Drop out (sūn) (yōng): Don't eat. Drop out, stop. Dinner. Li, breakfast. Take: come, conjunction. Servant: a servant. And: still. Leisure: leisure.
Why: Why, by what. Fan my life: multiply our lives, even if our population is prosperous. Peace of mind: settle our lives. Sex, life.
illness: hardship. Idleness: Tired. Illness and laziness: hardship and fatigue.
if: like this.
People who work with me refer to "other people". Its: probably, modal particles. Class: Similar.
Xi: an interjection to express happiness.
Not a good husband: Isn't that great? Husband, modal particles at the end of the sentence.
Nurturing people: The people of the Tang Dynasty avoided Li Shimin's taboo and changed "people" to "people".
Pass: Pass. Think: take (it) as, take it as. Caution: warning.
Appreciation
Although the title of this article is called "Biography", it is not an ordinary biography. Based on the thought of Laozi and Zhuangzi School's inaction and obedience to nature, this paper talks about the principle of governing the people by officials from the experience of planting trees, which shows that the feudal ruling class sometimes uses the guise of loving, caring for or caring for the people, but it has the opposite effect, and the people are still in poverty. In fact, this kind of thought is a concrete reflection of Laozi and Zhuangzi's thought that "saints never die, thieves never stop" and "the people don't dispute" After the Anshi Rebellion in the Tang Dynasty, the common people were in dire straits. Only by recuperation can you regain your vitality. If the feudal rulers still command blindly by administrative orders, making the people tired, or in the name of "benefiting politics", the broad masses of people should be sent to greet and entertain officials; They have to work hard to cope with the tasks assessed by the rulers, which can only increase the people's financial burden and mental pain.
First, the article writes about the name, expertise and ways of planting trees, and then suddenly turns to "official management" and tells the great truth of governing the people by officials. The first part is the biography of the camel, which aims to make a copy of the second part; The principle of governing the people in the second half is the analogy and extension of the way of planting trees in the first half. The former object follows the latter, and the upper and lower parts correspond to each other, which gives full play to the artistic expression of the allegorical essay style.
There are five paragraphs in this article. The first and second paragraphs introduce the name, image characteristics, native place, occupation and technical expertise of the biographical hero. These two paragraphs seem to be idle, but they are lively and interesting, which brings luster to the article.
Some of the characters depicted in Zhuangzi are deformed and disabled. For example, people who have lost one foot or both feet are all written in Health-Keeping Master and De Chongfu, while a monster is scattered in Human Life. Others have special skills, such as a skilled craftsman who is good at understanding cows, a craftsman who has become a wind, and a rickety father-in-law who is a successor. In writing this biography, Liu Zongyuan concentrated these two characteristics on Guo Tuo, who is disabled and good at planting trees. It can be seen that Liu Zongyuan not only inherited the viewpoint of Zhuangzi in the theme of the article, but also flexibly absorbed the writing technique of Zhuangzi in the portrayal of characters.
The camel is the camel. People call this hero the camel, which was originally a joke and even a mockery. But master Guo, who planted trees, not only didn't feel satisfied, but accepted it gladly. Liu Zongyuan wrote the good character of this self-reliant laborer here without trace. But the author's writing is still based on this. In Zhuangzi's Ying Emperor and Heaven, there are descriptions that people call a person a cow or a horse, but he doesn't mind, but readily agrees. This is the same as Guo Tuo's willingness to take the name of Tuo Tuo. In fact, this kind of description also reflects the thought of the Laozi and Zhuangzi school that "name" is just something added and can't affect a person's essence, so it won't be disturbed and fluctuated ideologically. On the contrary, even