Night mooring at Fengqiao?/?Night mooring at Fengjiang?
Dynasty: Tang Dynasty
Author: Zhang Ji
Original text:
The moon is setting, the sky is filled with crows and frost, and the river maple and fishing fire are facing melancholy.
At Hanshan Temple outside Gusu City, the bell rang at midnight to reach the passenger ship. Translation and annotations
Translation
The moon has set, the crows are still crowing, and the dusk is hazy and frosty. The maple trees on the riverside and the fishing fires on the boats made it difficult for me to sleep alone in my sorrow. The lonely and quiet Hanshan Ancient Temple outside Suzhou City, the bells ringing in the middle of the night reached the passenger ship I was on. ?
Notes
Fengqiao: Outside Changmen in today’s Suzhou City. This poem is also titled "Mooring at Maple Bridge at Night".
Night mooring: docking the boat on the shore at night.
Jiang Feng: The names of the two bridges "Jiangcun Bridge" and "Feng Bridge" next to Hanshan Temple. Maple Bridge is also called Fengqiao?. According to the Records of the Unification of the Qing Dynasty, the bridge was not originally called Maple Bridge. It was originally an important waterway and a dock for ships to and from the country. Before the Tang Dynasty, water bandits and Japanese pirates often invaded, so the bridge had to be blocked every night. To ensure safety, it was named Fengqiao.
Gusu: Another name for Suzhou, named after Gusu Mountain in the southwest of the city.
Hanshan Temple: Located near Fengqiao, it was built in the Liang Dynasty of the Southern Dynasties. According to legend, it was named after monks Han Shan and Shi De who lived here in the Tang Dynasty. In today's Xifengqiao Town, Suzhou City. The original name is "Miaoli Puming Pagoda Courtyard", also known as Fengqiao Temple; another way of saying it is that "Hanshan" refers to a mountain that shuns cold weather, not the name of a temple.
Midnight bell ringing: At that time, monks and monasteries had the habit of ringing the bell in the middle of the night, which was also called the "Impermanent Bell". Ouyang Xiu once said in "Sixty-One Poetry Talks": "Poets are greedy for good sentences but have difficulty in reasoning, which is also a disease of language. For example, someone in the Tang Dynasty said, 'Hanshan Temple outside Gusu City, the bell rings at midnight to the passenger ship.' The speaker also said that the sentences are better. "It's like the third watch is not the time to ring the bell." "Gengxi Poetry Talk" explains this: "However, in the past, when the third drum was finished and the fourth drum began, all the temple bells would ring. This has been the case since the Tang Dynasty. Yes. Later, Yu Hu's poem said: "I will know that I will stay at home and listen to the midnight bell in Gou Mountain." Bai Letian said: "Under the shadow of the new autumn pine trees, after the midnight bell," Wen Tingyun said, "I look back frequently on the journey." , There is no more pine window at midnight. 'The predecessors said that it is not the only one." Sun Zhan of the Song Dynasty wrote in "Crossing the Fengqiao Temple": "When the white head comes back, the green mountains will not change their old appearance. "In the temple beside the bridge, I can still hear the midnight bell while leaning on my pillow." "Shi Sou" says: "Zhang Ji's "The midnight bell arrives at the passenger ship" has many people talking about it, and they are all fooled by the ancients. The only reason is the tone of the poem. , The combination of phenomena and mere facts, how can he have time to think about it? No matter whether it is right or wrong in the middle of the night, it is impossible to know whether the bell is heard or not." "Excerpts from Tang Poems": "The sound of the night bell may be said to be a mistake, or it may be said that there is a midnight bell here, but this is not an explanation. The key point is that the poet should not be attached to whatever he is inspired by. If he must be said to be attached, it is the morning bell. "The clouds are wet outside", "The bells and white clouds", and "The fallen leaves are full of sparse bells" are all incomprehensible."
Appreciation 1
This poem is the most unique among Dali poems. Famous work. The whole poem is unified by the word "sorrow". The first two sentences are densely packed with images: the falling moon, crows, the sky full of frost, river maples, fishing fires, and sleepless people, creating an aesthetic situation with rich meaning. These two sentences not only describe the scenery by the river on an autumn night, but also express the author's homesickness. The images in the last two sentences are scattered: city, temple, boat, bell, which is an ethereal and distant artistic conception. There is no moon when walking at night, so it is difficult to see anything, but the fishing fire is eye-catching, and the frost and cold can be felt. In the middle of the night, when Khotan is silent, you can hear the crow of the bird and the ringing of the bell. Such a contrast between light and dark, and the contrast between silence and sound, make the scenery a scene of emotion, and the sounds a sound of intention. The artistic conception is dense and scattered, blending and distant. A touch of guest sorrow is dyed hazy and meaningful, swaying in the night sky of Gusu City, adding an eternal charm to the bridges, water, temples and cities there, attracting dream-seekers from ancient times to the present. "Three Collections of Tang Poems" "The whole poem begins with 'chou Mian', and the beauty is that it is not revealed." "Qisha Tang Poems": "The three characters 'dui chou mian' are the key points of the whole chapter. Ming Dou has the word 'chou' "The meaning of tossing and turning is evident in the virtual description of the sunset." "An Interpretation of Ancient Tang Poems": "This poem has the most wonderful syntax, it seems to be connected but broken, and it seems to be broken but connected."
The poet uses detailed thoughts. , a short four-line poem contains six scenes, and uses the most poetic language to construct a quiet and distant artistic conception: the riverside is lit with fishing fires on an autumn night, and the travelers lie down and listen to the bells in the quiet night. All scenes are selected with unique discernment: one is still, one is moving, one is bright, one is dark, and on the river bank, the combination of scenery and the mood of the characters have reached a high degree of tacit understanding and blending, and together they have formed this artistic realm that has become a model for later generations. . His famous lines include: "Hanshan Temple outside Suzhou City, the midnight bell rings for the passenger ship."
"Night Mooring at Maple Bridge" describes an autumn night when the poet moored his ship at Maple Bridge outside Suzhou City. The beautiful scenery of the autumn night in the Jiangnan water town attracted this wanderer with travel worries, allowing him to appreciate a kind of poetic beauty with lasting appeal, and he wrote this short poem with profound artistic conception. It expresses the poet's lonely and sad thoughts and feelings during his journey.
Why did the poet stay up all night? The first sentence describes three closely related scenes: "the moon sets, the crows cry, and the sky is covered with frost." The first quarter moon rises early, and by the time the moon sets, it will be almost dawn, and the birds on the trees are also chirping at dawn. The "frost" of the autumn night is filled with a bone-piercing chill, surrounding it from all directions. The poet's boat moored at night made him feel that the vast night sky outside was filled with frost. The second sentence describes the poet's sleepless night accompanied by "Jiang Maple" and "Fishing Fire".
Summary: The first two sentences describe six scenes, "moonset", "crows", "frost-filled sky", "river maple", "fishing fire" and guests who stayed up all night on the moored boat. . The last two sentences only describe the scene of Meng Xun's bell reaching the ship at Hanshan Temple outside Gusu City. The first two lines are what the poet saw, and the last two lines are what the poet heard. In the quiet night, he suddenly heard the distant bells. How did the poet feel after a sleepless night? The wanderer faces the river maple and fishing fire on a frosty night, lingering with wisps of light sadness. This "midnight bell" not only brings out the tranquility of the night, but also reveals the depth of the night, and the poet's various indescribable feelings while lying listening to the bell can be described without words.
This poem is written in a flashback style. It first writes about the scenery at dawn, and then recalls the scenery last night and the sound of the midnight bell. The whole poem is full of sound and color, with emotions and scenes, and the scenes blend together.
Appreciation 2
One autumn night, the poet was boating on the Maple Bridge outside Suzhou. The beautiful scenery of the autumn night in the Jiangnan water town attracted this guest with travel worries, allowing him to appreciate a kind of poetic beauty with lasting appeal, and he wrote this short poem with a clear and far-reaching artistic conception.
The title is "Night Mooring", but it actually only writes about the scenes and feelings in the "midnight" time. The first sentence of the poem describes three closely related scenes at midnight: moonset, cries of crows, and a sky full of frost. The first quarter moon rose early and had set in the middle of the night, leaving only a gray shadow in the sky. The crows on the trees were probably awakened by the change in light before and after moonset and let out a few crows. The moon sets late at night, and the frost is thick and dark. In a dark and quiet environment, people become particularly sensitive to the coolness of the night. The description of "the sky is full of frost" does not conform to the reality of the natural landscape (frost is on the ground but not in the sky), but it is completely consistent with the poet's feelings: the chill that penetrates the flesh and bone in the middle of the night surrounds the poet's boat at night from all directions. It made him feel that the vast night air outside was filled with frost. The whole sentence describes what I saw when the moon fell, what I heard when the crows cried, and what I felt when the sky was full of frost. It clearly reflects a sequential process of time and feeling. And all of this is harmoniously unified in the quiet and cold atmosphere of the autumn night in the water town and the lonely feeling of the travelers. From here we can see the detail of the poet's thinking.
The second sentence of the poem goes on to describe the characteristic scene of "Mooring at Maple Bridge at Night" and the traveler's feelings. In the hazy night, only a vague outline of the trees on the riverside can be seen. The reason why it is called "Jiangfeng" may be an inference caused by the place name Maple Bridge, or the image of "Jiangfeng" is chosen to give readers a sense of Autumn colors and hints of detached thoughts. "There are maples on the water of the Zhanzhan River, and the eyes are thousands of miles away and the heart of spring is sad", "There is no sorrow on the green maples", these ancient poems can illustrate the emotional content deposited in the word "Jiang Maple" and the associations it gives to people. Through the foggy river surface, you can see a few dots of "fishing fires". Due to the dim and misty surrounding background, they are particularly eye-catching and moving. "River Maple" and "Fishing Fire", one is still and one is moving, one is dark and one is bright, one is by the river, the other is on the river. The combination of scenery is quite thoughtful. When I write this, I point out the travelers at Bozhoufeng Bridge. "Shou Mian" refers to the travelers lying on the boat with the sorrow of traveling. The word "dui" in "Dui Chou Mian" contains the connotation of "companion", but it is not as explicit as the word "companion". There is indeed the lingering sadness of a lonely traveler facing the river maples and fishing fires on a frosty night, but at the same time, it also contains a fresh feeling of the beautiful scenery of the journey. From the seemingly objective word "right", we seem to be able to feel a silent blend and fit between the travelers in the boat and the scenery outside the boat.
The scenery in the first part of the poem is very dense, with fourteen characters describing six scenes, but the second part is particularly sparse. The two lines of the poem only describe one thing: the night bell of Wowenshan Temple. This is because the most vivid, profound and poetic impression that the poet got while staying at Maple Bridge at night was the midnight bell of Hanshan Temple. Scenes such as the setting moon, the crow of the blackbird, the frosty sky and the cold night, the river maple fishing and the fire, the lone boat and the passengers, etc., have shown the characteristics of Maple Bridge Night Mooring in all aspects, but they are not enough to fully convey its charm. In the dark night, human hearing rises to the top of the list of perceptions of external things and scenes. And the sound of bells in the quiet night leaves a particularly strong impression on people. In this way, the "midnight bell" not only brings out the tranquility of the night, but also reveals the depth and loneliness of the night, and the poet's various indescribable feelings while lying listening to the sparse bells are all self-explanatory.
It seems that "Hanshan Temple outside Gusu City" cannot be ignored here. Hanshan Temple is located one mile west of Fengqiao. It was first built in the Liang Dynasty. Hanshan, the poet monk in the early Tang Dynasty, lived here, hence its name. The poetic beauty of Maple Bridge, with this ancient temple, has taken on the color of history and culture, making it even richer and more moving. Therefore, the "midnight bell" of Hanshan Temple seems to echo the echo of history, permeated with religious sentiments, and gives people a sense of quaintness and solemnity. It seems that the reason why the poet uses a poem to point out the origin of the bell is not without reason. With the stroke of the midnight bell of Hanshan Temple, the charm of "Mooring at Maple Bridge at Night" is most perfectly expressed. This poem no longer remains at the level of a simple autumn night scene painting of Maple Bridge, but creates It creates a typical artistic conception of scene blending. Although the custom of midnight has been recorded in "Southern History" as early as "Southern History", it was Zhang Ji's creation to write it into the poem and become the key point of the poem's artistic conception. Although there were many poets who described midnight at the same time as Zhang Ji or later, they never reached the level of Zhang Ji, let alone created a complete artistic conception. Misreading of the work
The moon is setting, the crows are crying, the sky is covered with frost, the river maple is fishing and the fire is facing melancholy.
At Hanshan Temple outside Gusu City, the bell rang for the passenger ship at midnight. "According to contemporary research, "Yueluo" does not mean that the moon has set or is about to set, but the name of a village or a bridge. "Wuciao" is not the crow's crow at night, but the name of a mountain. And "Jiangfeng" is not the name of a riverside. The maple tree is also the name of the bridge. As a result, the hazy moonlight, the looming maple trees among the fishing fires, and the heart-warming crows no longer exist, and a poem that has been passed down for thousands of years has become so concrete and real. The hazy, quiet, cool and beautiful autumn night picture of the Jiangnan water town has also disappeared, leaving only a series of village names or bridge names. It is undeniable that I still like the artistic conception and situation that I read in my childhood, even though it was a misunderstanding. . I remember that there was a popular song "The Sound of the Waves Remains" many years ago. There was this sentence in the lyrics: "Take away a light and let it warm my eyes; leave a piece of true love and let it park by the maple bridge." "The lingering bells are still knocking on my sleepless nights", "The moon is still ringing and the cries are always the wind and frost of thousands of years..." etc. Although these are two different works of art, it is obvious that "The Sound of the Waves Are Still" and "Maple Bridge". The misunderstood artistic conception of "Night Mooring" is inextricably linked. It seems that more people still agree with the misunderstood poetic meaning. The evening wind blows the willow flute and the sound of the willow flute fades, and the sunset outside the mountain..." in "Beyond the Changting Pavilion" was sung as "Beyond the Great Wall." Taiwanese female writer Xi Murong once wrote such a thing in an article titled "Swallows" Thing: Her father liked this song and often sang it. But one day when his daughter corrected him and said that the word "Beyond the Great Wall" in the song was wrong, it should be "Beyond the Changting Pavilion", he kept saying: "Why?" Outside the Changting Pavilion? Why not outside the Great Wall? I always thought it was outside the Great Wall, what a pity! I always thought it was outside the Great Wall, and thought it was about our hometown... I have heard it wrong for so many years, what a pity!" Yes! , for those wanderers, when they think of the Great Wall, they naturally think of their hometown and the motherland ("Beautiful Mistake"), but some sources say that these mountains and bridges were named after this poem.
Zhang Ji, a little-known poet of the Tang Dynasty, left few poems, but one of his poems, "Mooring at Maple Bridge at Night," has been around Suzhou City and Hanshan Temple for thousands of years.