Yan Dan is good at raising people, and is determined to repay the strong and win ①. Recruit good men and women, and get Jingqing at the end of the year. A gentleman will die of his confidant and leave Yanjing with his sword in hand ③. Su Ji's name is Guangmo, and he generously sees me off④. The male hair refers to the dangerous crown, and the strong energy rushes into the long tassel⑤. Drinking on the water, there are four heroes. Gradually leaving the sad building, Song Yi sang loudly ⑦. Xiao Xiao mourns the wind passing away, and a faint cold wave arises. Shang Yin's tears flowed even more, and Yu played the warrior's surprise. I know in my heart that I will never return, and I will have a name in future generations⑩. When will you board the car and fly into the Qin court? It is fierce and fierce, spanning thousands of miles, meandering across thousands of cities. When trouble comes, the rich master is in a daze. Unfortunately, his swordsmanship is poor, so his extraordinary skill cannot be achieved⒁. Although he is gone, his love will remain for thousands of years⒂!
Notes ① Yan Dan: Prince Yan’s famous elixir. Scholars: refers to the retainers of those princes in the Spring and Autumn and Warring States periods. Ying: The King of Qin’s surname is Ying. Strong victory: refers to the state of Qin. These two sentences mean that Prince Dan of Yan likes to support his retainers and intends to take revenge on the King of Qin. ②Hundred Fuliang: A good man who can resist a hundred people. Another way of saying is that he is the most handsome among a hundred people. Sui Mu: old age, or old age. Jing Qing: That is Jing Ke, Qing is the honorific title. These two sentences mean that Prince Dan of Yan recruited warriors, and over time he captured Jing Ke. ③Junzi: refers to Jing Ke. Die a confidant: die for a confidant. Yanjing: the capital of Yan State. These two sentences mean that Jing Ke, with the spirit of a scholar dying for his confidant, left Yanjing with a sword in hand to avenge Prince Dan of Yan. ④Suji: white horse. Guangmo: Avenue. Me: Jing Ke calls himself. These two sentences refer to the white horse roaring on the road, and Prince Dan and others seeing him off generously. ⑤Dangerous crown: high crown. Changying: the ribbon that ties the crown. These two sentences mean that Jing Ke was so angry that he was so angry that his body was filled with anger. ⑥Drinking farewell: Drinking to say goodbye. Yishui: It originates from the west of Yixian County, Hebei Province, flows eastward to the southwest of Dingxing County and enters the Juma River. Four seats: surrounding seats. These two sentences refer to drinking and saying goodbye on the Yishui River, surrounded by heroes. ⑦Jianli: Gao Jianli. Zhu: The name of the ancient musical instrument, Xiangda, has thirteen strings, a thin and curved neck, and is beaten with bamboo. Song meaning: Warriors of the Yan Kingdom. These two sentences mean that Gao Jianli was building, and Song Yi was singing high. ⑧Xiao Xiao: the sound of wind. Light: Same as Dandan, the way the water is shaking. When Jing Ke set out, he sang: "The wind is rustling and the water is cold." These two sentences refer to the sad wind and the cold waves. ⑨Shang and Yu: both are tone names. Ancient music tunes are divided into five tones: Gong, Shang, Jiao, Zheng and Yu. The Shang tone is desolate and the Yu tone is generous. These two sentences mean that people who play Zhuzhuo and Shangdiao are all moved to tears, while people who play Yudiao are generous and shocked. ⑩These two sentences mean that you know in your heart that you will die if you go here, but you can pass your name on to future generations. ⑾Cover: car cover. Feigai: The car is running like flying. Qin Ting: The imperial court of Qin. This sentence and the previous sentence mean that Jing Ke boarded the chariot and flew to Qin Dynasty without even looking back. ⑿ Fierce: The appearance of moving forward courageously. Tortuous: Tortuous and long-term appearance. These two sentences refer to flying forward bravely across thousands of miles and winding through thousands of towns. ⒀Picture: Refers to the map of Dukang of Yan State presented by Jing Ke. Exhausted: exhausted. Matter: refers to the matter of assassination. Haozhu: refers to Qin Shihuang. Zhengying: fearful. These two sentences mean that the map stretched to the end and the assassination happened naturally. Qin Shihuang was very frightened at that time. ⒁Short swordsmanship: Not good at swordsmanship. Qigong: Refers to the assassination of Qin Shihuang. These two sentences are paraphrasing Lu Goujian's words. It is a pity that Jing Ke was not good at swordsmanship and thus failed to achieve great success. ⒂The person: refers to Jing Ke. Yuqing: angry. These two sentences mean that although Jing Ke is dead, his spirit has been passed down through the ages.
Appreciation
Regarding Jingke’s affairs, there are records in "Warring States Policy·Yance" and "Historical Records·Biographies of Assassins", and their basic plots are similar of. Tao Yuanming's poem is obviously based on the above-mentioned historical materials, but it is not simply a retelling of this historical story in the form of poetry.
The first four lines of the poem lead to Jing Ke from the story of Prince Dan of Yan raising a scholar to report to Qin (revenge, revenge, revenge). It not only summarizes the story of Jing Ke’s entry into Yan, Yan Dan’s conspiracy with Taifu Ting Wu, Ting Wu recommended Tian Guang, Tian Guang recommended Jing Ke, Yan Dan got to know Jing Ke and was regarded as “Shangqing”, etc., but also placed the character (Jing Ke) in the story from the very beginning. In the conflict between Qin and Yan, and because this figure is the most outstanding and majestic warrior (Hundred Man Liang, a warrior who surpasses a hundred men), he naturally becomes the hope of the conflicting party (Yan). Then, the background of the story, the positions of the characters, and the important responsibilities they shoulder have all been revealed, so these four sentences mean that "the whole aftermath has been taken care of." Because of this, the development of conflicts, the suspense of the characters' fate, etc., are also tightly tied to the readers' hearts. Next, it is written about Jing Ke's departure from Yan. Before leaving, there is a record in the history book that Jing Ke was waiting for his assistant who was traveling with him. However, "the prince was late and suspected that he would repent." This caused Jing Ke to angrily scold the prince. The records of Qin Wuyang's colleagues were used in the book. The poet omitted this important plot and replaced it with "A gentleman dies his best friend and leaves Yanjing with his sword". The latter sentence teases the following, and the previous sentence obviously defends Yan Dan's fault, but it is written in this way and echoes the first sentence of "being good at raising people". It not only makes the content harmonious and unified, but also makes the pen and ink concentrated and the structure is clear. Yi Shui Farewell, "Warring States Policy" and "Historical Records" wrote this: "Afterwards, the prince and the guests who knew what happened were all dressed in white to send him off...", which gradually became more and more exciting. This is not the case for the poet. He first inserted: "Su Ji calls out to Guangmo and sees me off generously." Su Ji, white horse. If the horse is like this, it goes without saying that the person is in trouble, and the mood of the poem is suddenly aroused. Therefore, the description of the two sentences "male hair" - the hair is erect, pointing to the tall hat; the majestic spirit touches the silk rope that ties the crown - although it is not exaggerated, it seems extremely natural due to the sincerity of the emotion. .
Yi Shui's farewell is also a passionate and tragic scene brewing and unfolding in this atmosphere. Gao Jianli, Song Yi... the heroes of the Yan Kingdom were all sitting on the farewell banquet. The cold water mourns the wind, the building is struck and the song is high, the sounds and colors are all present, and the scenes are intertwined. The senders and travelers are all excited and shed tears of generosity. "I know in my heart that I will never return, and that I will be famous in future generations." Another stroke touches the traveler, expressing the traveler's determination and expressing his enthusiasm. This is the intention and effect of this scene. The six lines of "Boarding on the Car" describe Jing Ke's duty to drive into the Qin Dynasty without hesitation. Let the above-mentioned determination to die and indomitable spirit be concretely expressed in actions. Among them, the two sentences "fierce" also belong to the poet's imagination. They are like a series of quickly flashing shots, making the characters quickly approach Qin Ting and pushing the plot to a climax, which is exciting. In the poem, a large amount of ink is used to write about the entry of Yan into Qin, and the narrative is vivid and vivid. However, when it comes to the failure of the assassination, the ink is as precious as gold, and only two sentences are used - "Things will happen when you are in trouble, and the rich lord is in a daze." . The first sentence succinctly explains Jing Ke and Yan Dan's plan to rob and assassinate the King of Qin by hiding sharp blades in the map, and also announces the arrival of the climax. The latter sentence only describes the panic and panic of the King of Qin, highlighting Jing Ke's courage and intimidation from the opposite side. But there is no mention of Jing Ke being killed by the King of Qin, etc. His clear tendencies, strong love and hatred, are easily left unmentioned. The author uses limited space to reproduce the majestic image of Jing Ke, and also shows the author's tailoring skills and creative talents. The last four sentences of the poem are straightforward lyrics and comments. On the one hand, the poet regrets that his "wonderful achievements" have not been successful, but on the other hand, he affirms that his spirit is still there. In the midst of regret and admiration, this image of being brave in sacrifice and not afraid of violence has gained Indestructible glory and immortal life. It can be seen that the poet wrote this wonderful and weighty ending with full of emotion. Just as Zhang Yugu said: "Cherishing it and admiring it again, the knot is strong and strong, so that everyone can shake it up" ("Appreciation of Ancient Poems").
Reminiscing about the ancient feelings is for reality. However, this "reality" should not be described too narrowly or too narrowly (as some commentators said, this poem was written by the poet out of "loyalty to the Jin Dynasty to repay the Song Dynasty"). Why? First of all, because Tao Yuanming has repeatedly said: "When I was young, I was strong and powerful, and I traveled alone with my sword in my hand. Whoever said that he traveled close to Zhangye went to Youzhou" (Part 8 of "Ancient History"); "Recalling my youth, I feel joyless and happy. He has a strong ambition to travel all over the world, and his thoughts are far away" (Part 5 of "Miscellaneous Poems"). This allows us to see that the author's life, interests and character have already been bold and chivalrous. Secondly, the poet also served as an official in Jin Dynasty, but he said that he "fallen into the dust by mistake and left for thirteen years" ("Five Poems on Returning to the Countryside"). His regret is beyond words, which shows that "Jin" is not his. The ideal kingdom, of course, is also true for "Song Dynasty". These are the reasons why we do not need to attach the meaning of "Ode to Jing Ke" to "loyalty to the Jin Dynasty and repaying the Song Dynasty". The poet's "fierce ambition" never faded throughout his life, and his desire to eradicate evil and violence and sacrifice himself to help the world was always there. Jing Ke in the poem is also the artistic reflection of this spirit and ideal. To put it simply, it is to use historical events to express one's own love and hate. This seems to be closer to the poet's thoughts. Yes, this is the influence of this poem, and there are poems to prove it: "Tao Qian's poems like to talk about Jing Ke, and he wants to see "Standing Clouds" to sing a great song. When he sings about grudges and hatreds, he may not have many heroes in the world.
"(Gong Zizhen's "Miscellaneous Poems of Jihai")