The rhyme of jade tablets.
Wen Xin Diao Long refers to the sum of different sounds and homophony.
In the Book of Jin, the tone and sound style should be based on harmony, which will double the income and halve the loss.
Lu Fu is a masterpiece of immortal prose, with a thousand-year charm.
According to: literati rhyme, just look at this. Books above the Han and Wei Dynasties all have blank pronunciations. Since the Jin Dynasty, the sound has fallen to rhyme. The earliest rhyme books are Wei's Tone Category, Jin's Imitation of Rhyme Collection, Pian's Beginning of Four Tones, Yue's Four Tones, Sui Jun's Rhyme Compilation, Lu Yan's Rhyme Collection and Tang Sun's Tang Yun. Song Pengnian and others rebuilt Guang Yun, and it was a rough book, with Ji Yun, Dao Zhao Yun, Gong Shao Yun Hui, Ming Hongwu and Song Lian.
Shuowen has also been heard. Born in the heart, there is a knot outside, which is called the voice. Gong Shang horns and feathers, sound. Silk, bamboo, gold, stone, earth, leather, wood and sound. Literally, it includes one.
"Shu Shun Dian" has eight tones of harmony.
Li Yue Gee became the face of Fang Wei.
"Shu" means an article, the sound changes into harmony, and the order makes the article sound. This voice is today's song.
"Master Li Zhou Guan Chun" takes six methods as the sound.
Preface to Poetry is written by sound, which means sound.
In the "Shu" season, you can see the moon, which is called Xia Sheng.
"Shu" takes the master's blowing method as the sound, which makes him make a sound and listen to the sound of human voice, which is called the sound. The preface to poetry is based on sound and written by sound, which is called sound.
"Shu" is written in sound, so sound and sound are different. Note notes: the noise is higher than the month, and the single tone is higher than the month. Remember again: if you listen to the sound and know the music, the music will be different, and the sound will be changed into the sound, and the sound will be happy, not three. Don't be different from Wen, you can live without it. When he saw the song Qin, he said: It's called the Voice of Summer. Ram biography says: 11 and tax eulogy, sound also sound. The voice of the cloud rules the world, and the sound is also happy. That is, sound and music must be connected.
Yi Zhongfu is in heaven.
"Li Quli" is called Hanyin.
"Shu Shun Dian" poetry expresses ambition, the song is eternal, the sound is eternal, and the law is harmonious.
Biography is called five tones, and palace merchants also sign feathers.
The moon in midsummer in Li Yueling is silent.
"Notes" sound like music. It is also extraordinary.
The sound of "Zhang Zaizheng Meng" is formed by rolling and gas. Second, the valley thunders and so on. Bipiezoelectric wafer, percussion drum, etc. Roll, feather fan hit the arrow and so on. Air rolling, sounding spring, etc. They are all good things, but people are used to it and don't listen.
The rhyme book of "Rhyme Club" consists of four tones.
Rhyme includes fu, poetry, words, songs and so on. Different times and languages have their popular poetic styles. In China, there are:
Zhou, Chunqiu: The Book of Songs, Four-character Poems.
Warring States: Chu Ci.
Han, Wei, Jin, Southern and Northern Dynasties: Han Fu, Ancient Poetry, Yuefu.
Tang: Tang poetry (mainly modern poetry).
Song: Song poetry, Song ci.
Yuan: Yuanqu (including Sanqu and Opera).
Drama and fu.
New poems and lyrics.
Chinese phonology studies the ancient sounds of Chinese. Using a large number of literature and non-literature materials, this paper studies the existing ancient sound knowledge through various methods. Because Chinese characters are not pinyin characters, they are different from other languages in research.
The most important research materials of Chinese phonology are ancient special phonological works, such as rhymes and rhymes, because they contain a complete phonological framework. Important ancient phonology works: Guang Yun, Central Plains Rhyme, etc.
The research object of Chinese phonology-Chinese phonology in past dynasties and its development process-constitutes the history of Chinese phonology. At present, the history of Chinese phonology is divided into three periods according to academic knowledge: ancient Chinese, Chinese and modern Chinese (but there are different views on how to divide the stages and how to set the upper and lower limits). Each period has its representative phonology. The representative phonology in ancient times, middle ages and modern times are The Book of Songs, Guang Yun and Zhongyuan respectively.
This is not to say that all these periods, from south to north, used the same phonetic system without exception. The pronunciation of Chinese is always evolving, and the representative phonology of a particular era may be very different from that of that era. For example, the pronunciation of Guang Yun in the Northern Song Dynasty is far from that reflected in Guang Yun. Great differences in Chinese have always existed in different regions. However, due to the lack of ancient phonological materials, when studying or talking about Chinese phonology in a specific era, phonology often only involves the representative phonology of that era, that is, pronunciation, and generally does not involve dialects.
Learning the phonology of ancient Chinese will inevitably involve the phonetic situation of the common language. But the pronunciation of reading is not necessarily the same as that of the national lingua franca (or homophonic). The lingua franca in the Ming and Qing Dynasties was Mandarin, and it is certain that the Mandarin in the late Qing Dynasty adopted Beijing dialect, but before that, whether it was Jinling dialect, Beijing dialect or Luoyang dialect, it was different.
A little earlier, for example, in the Middle Ages between the Tang and Song Dynasties, even the basic question of whether there was a common language (possible names are common language, elegant language, elegant sound and so on). ), whether there is a standard sound and where is the pronunciation basis of the standard sound, the academic community has been arguing endlessly. For example, as a representative of medieval phonology, Guang Yun's Rhyme (including Qieyun and Rhyme Mirror), some scholars, such as Ma Bole, think that it is probably based on Chang 'an dialect in Tang Dynasty; However, some scholars, such as Jerry Norman Sinologist and Ke Weinan, think that this statement is groundless and that Chang 'an sound in Tang Dynasty may not be the national lingua franca.
In order to understand the pre-Qin phonology, linguists mainly rely on the rhymes in pre-Qin classics such as The Book of Songs, Songs of Chu, Zhouyi and Laozi to construct their phonology. In terms of initials, the homophonic radicals of Chinese characters are the main ones, followed by variant characters. However, the phonetic symbols and the corresponding words are not necessarily the same, so different scholars have different conclusions about the initials of ancient Chinese according to their radicals. The method of inferring ancient initials from different languages may encounter problems with ancient dialects, and some places are still misspelled, so this method is difficult to be comprehensive. Another method is to cite foreign translations (mainly Buddhist scriptures) to prove the ancient initials. But it is often impossible to translate with the original sound. For example, modern Chinese usually uses [? ] to correspond to [? ], the [x] in Mandarin corresponds to the [h] in English, so it is impossible for the ancients to completely and accurately translate the original sounds in Sanskrit into Chinese. Finally, there is another way to study ancient initials, that is, to quote cognates of various languages in Sino-Tibetan language family, but the research in this field has not been fully carried out at present.
Linguists have different views on the tones of pre-Qin phonology. For example, Changdi's theory of ancient four tones, Gu's theory of four tones being consistent, Kong Guangsen's theory of ancient no tune, Duan Yucai's theory of "long becoming shorter", Lu Zhiwei's theory of "long becoming shorter" and Wang Li's theory of "long becoming shorter" are generally recognized, but now there are Jiang Yougao, Wang Niansun and Wang Li.