The bamboo in the deep hall of the palace is windy, and the new Cui dance is as clear as water.
Light and wind turn for more than a hundred miles, and warm fog drives clouds to heaven and earth.
Uniformed prostitutes sweep away moths and wave flags to warm the city.
Qu Shui Xiang does not return, and pear blossoms fall into the autumn garden.
In the third year of Yuanhe (808), 19-year-old Li He came to Luoyang from his hometown of Changgu to take the exam. This group of Henan Fu "Yue Yue Yue" was the examination-oriented work at that time. The original poem is based on twelve months of a year, plus leap month, * * * thirteen. Each song describes the scenery according to different seasons and months. In addition to praising the natural scenery, there are many things in the palace, so Fang Funan said that this group of poems "all talk about things in the palace, but they are still the ancient" joy in the room "(Li Changji's Notes on Poems). The third song chosen here is a poem sung in March in Yangchun. Judging from the description in the poem, the poet takes Chang 'an, the capital, as the background.
"Dongfeng Man Chun, Flower City, Dark Flowers and Bright Flowers." Dongfeng has always been synonymous with spring breeze in ancient times. "The Book of Rites and the Moon Order" said that in Meng Chunyue, "the east wind thawed and the stinging insects began to vibrate". When the spring breeze blows, everything recovers and is full of vitality. Han Hui, a poet in Dali period, once described the late spring scenery in Chang 'an as "the spring city is full of flowers and the east wind is cold and willows are oblique" (Cold Food). Here, in a more concise language, Li He first wrote his overall impression of spring with "full of spring", and then expressed the splendid spring with rich images of flowers, green red, willow shadows and catkins flying. The word "worrying about killing people" is an implicit way of praising the beauty of spring, but it also implies the mood of being angry, complaining and cherishing spring In the last poem "February", there is a poem "Hu Yan complains about her spring". In early spring and February, there is already hatred for spring, not to mention March in spring, which is stronger and more beautiful. Of course, the purpose of being annoyed and complaining about spring is to cherish spring. This is ready for further description and lyricism below. The last two sentences are always about the spring scenery of Chang 'an, a "spring city". According to the second sentence to the palace:
"The palace is full of bamboo and windy, and the new Cui dance is as clear as water." "Re-entering the deep palace" means that the palaces are stacked on top of each other, and the palaces are like clouds. It gives people a sense of majesty and a sense of oppression. However, the poet's gentle turn with the word "bamboo wind rising gradually" can't help but make people feel surprised and depressed. "Bamboo wind" may be accompanied by pleasant rustling and refreshing fragrance. In this complex palace, there is probably nothing better than bamboo to reflect the posture and state of spring. "The new green dance is as clear as water", and the poem personifies the swaying beauty of Hsinchu and the dancing of the maiden Gong E, and the image is vague and vague. No wonder Liu Chenweng in Song Dynasty thought it was about bamboo, and Wang Qi in Qing Dynasty thought it was about Gong E * * *. Bamboo is evergreen all the year round, but after all, it is something between the light bamboo in winter and the tender bamboo sprouted from Hsinchu. The graceful green color of "Cui Xin" is really similar to Gong E's dance, and the word "clear as water" connects them more closely, making it difficult for you to distinguish them. All this not only makes people want to be pure, elegant and refined, but also gives people a feeling of vigor and vitality and spring. The following words have turned to broaden our horizons:
"The breeze turns a hundred miles, and the warm fog drives the clouds to the world." "The breeze turns to benefit" comes from "The Songs of Chu Evocation": "The breeze turns to benefit, which is more popular." Hanwang Yi Note: "The breeze means that the rain has fallen, the sunrise is windy, and the vegetation is bright. Turn around and shake. " He also said, "The sky is bright, the breeze is vigorous, and the vegetation is swaying, all of which make light, enrich Whelan and make it fragrant and smooth." Those who say "more than a hundred miles" generally say that its scope is wide. If Du's Epang Palace "covers an area of more than 300 Li" (Epang Palace Fu), it seems that it should refer to the palace, but I'm afraid Li He is still the whole Spring City Chang 'an. So the next sentence also predicts: "Warm fog drives clouds to heaven and earth." "Warm fog" refers to warm spring, which is extremely rich in connotation and readers can imagine to supplement it. This harmonious spring may drive away dark clouds and cover the earth. It can win everything and make people ecstatic.
"Dress up the palace prostitutes and sweep the moth shallow, waving the banner to warm the city." A famous prostitute in military uniform refers to a maid-in-waiting in military uniform, and a moth sweeper is a thrush. Jiacheng: The site is now in Xi 'an, which is the passage for the emperor to travel. According to "Lu Yong", "In the 12th year of Kaiyuan (732), the capital was built and connected with the Furong Garden. From Daming Palace to Luocheng, the road passes through Tonghua Gate, Chunming Gate and Yanximen, and you can reach Qujiang Furong Garden. Outsiders don't know. " The meaning of these two sentences is: the emperor went for a spring outing outside the city, accompanied by a maid-in-waiting who swept the moth's eyebrows and wore military uniforms; Along the way, the standard waved with the wind, and a group of people were noisy and beaming, giving people a warm feeling like spring breeze. However, the poet suddenly turned to write:
"Qushuixiang does not return, and pear blossoms fall into the autumn garden." Qushui: Qujiang, connected with Furong Garden and Jiacheng, is an amusement resort in Chang 'an in Tang Dynasty. The Qujiang Lake in the spring of March should be a charming place with a strong sense of spring, but the poet has a premonition that spring will be over and the fragrance will never return, just like the pear blossoms have fallen and the pond garden has withered like autumn. In the Qing Dynasty, Wang Qi said the above four words: "It's a pity that I got into trouble. I changed from a prostitute in the palace to a uniform, and the standard waved in the city, never coming back, and the noise was infinite;" In the palace garden, pear blossoms are all gone, and so are lonely people. Although it is spring, it seems like a scene in late autumn. "The dramatic change of the poet's emotion is the natural development of cherishing spring, which is in the same strain as the beginning of" Flower City ".
Yao said in Qing Dynasty: "At the end of Zhenyuan, it was easy to travel. This poem is about having a bright future and complaining about others. I don't know the revenge of spring palace, which is even worse than spring boudoir. The bamboo color in the palace is like a bath, and the dance clothes are first tried, reflecting each other. It smells good when it comes out. The girls in the palace have no pleasure in traveling. Flowing water leaves flowers, and spring hurts the body; It's quiet and quiet, and the scenery is like autumn. "("Long Valley Notes ") is a bit far-fetched. As an exam-oriented poem, the poet is just praising things and describing the scenery, expressing a strong feeling of cherishing spring. Li He is a descendant of the royal family, but his family has fallen, making it difficult for him to suffer from the world. Such a talented young man is unwilling to stretch his ambition and is unhappy. Therefore, expressing the feelings of hating and cherishing spring in poetry is not only sighing when being hurt, but also self-pity. If you cast light with yin deficiency, your youth will wither, which is the internal reason why Li He loves spring.
This poem is also quite artistic. The images in the poem are dense and rich, but they are not piled up in disorder, but have been painstakingly managed. First of all, the poet skillfully combines the emotion of praising spring with the emotion of complaining about and cherishing spring, so that the two complement each other and get twice the result with half the effort. The more I hate spring, the more I cherish it, and the more I see its richness; The stronger the spring, the heavier the resentment. This is a wonderful combination of mind and nature. Secondly, the poet used his usual prancing and jumping techniques when describing the spring scenery in Chang 'an. When the lens is far and near, the image is falsely high and the details are appropriate. For example, in the sentence of "the East", first write a general impression, and in the sentence of "Fugong", specifically write the dance of Hsinchu; The sentence "scenery" is translated into an empty scene; "Military uniform" two sentences, and specifically write palace prostitutes, clip the shape of the city; The word "Qushui" once again returns to the embrace of nature. In time and space, it gives people an unpredictable feeling. Coupled with the repeated rendering of the atmosphere in the poem and the different combinations of rich colors, the artistic conception of the poem is indeed a blend of scenes and scenes, which gives an indelible impression.