Reflection on Metamorphosis
When I first started reading this novel, I felt very strange that a good person woke up in the morning and turned into a disgusting beetle. When the hero woke up, his family saw him and was desperate. In our opinion, is there anything more desperate than this?
After Gregory woke up, he was not worried about his physical changes, but he wanted to go to work quickly. He didn't expect that when others knew that his body had become a worm, people would accept him, which showed how kind he was. After the manager escaped, his family shut him up in a room and isolated him. In the first few months, my sister sent food to Gregory every day. My sister is very careful and my mother is very kind, but Gregory feels warm again and things seem to have eased.
But the family's financial ability can only last for a while, so Gregor's parents and sisters are all out looking for jobs. The psychological burden drives him crazy and he can only live in the pain of memories every day. He tried to restrain himself, but he couldn't, and his reason was out of control. How much he wants to go back to the past, but he is full of fear of his past life and even likes his present life a little. The interweaving of contradictions made him exhausted and eventually died on the floor of his room.
Grigol is a true portrayal of Kafka's life. He is not only writing a novel, but also writing his own life.
The ending of the story is intriguing. The protagonist died in the struggle, and life changed back to its original appearance. Or, better than before, in his sister's jump, he has forgotten gregor. Perhaps, there is no such person at all, and his previous life is just an illusion.
Reflection on Metamorphosis
Metamorphosis is Kafka's masterpiece and a classic of western modernist literature. Literary critics and historians generally classify Kafka and his works as "expressionist literature".
Expressionism literature rose in the early 20th century and flourished in Germany, America and other countries in 1930s. It first appeared in the painting world, which is a refutation of impressionism represented by Monet. Expressionist writers are dissatisfied with Impressionism's emphasis on the description of external objective things (such as light and shadow), and demand to break through the appearance of things to show their inner essence, to break through the description of human behavior to reveal their inner soul, and to break through the description of temporary phenomena to show their eternal quality and truth. Deeply influenced by Kant's philosophy, Bergson's intuitionism and Freud's psychoanalysis, it emphasizes describing people's subjective world, intuition and subconscious, and reflects the real world in a special way. Expressionism literature has produced a large number of influential writers in poetry, novels and drama. Kafka is an outstanding representative in the field of novels. Kafka wrote many short stories in his life, many of which were not published before his death. Metamorphosis was published. Foreign literary critics often talk about Metamorphosis in their works and think it is a very important work in western modernist literature in the 20th century. Its importance lies in profoundly and sharply revealing some essential problems of modern capitalist society, such as the ubiquitous phenomenon of "alienation" of people, such as people's inability to control their own destiny, and the sense of disaster all the time, such as the loneliness that people can't understand and communicate with each other.
Yuan Kejia, a famous foreign literary scholar, pointed out: "The typical characteristics of modernism in ideological content are its overall distortion and serious alienation in the four basic relationships between man and society, man and man, man and nature (including nature, humanity and material world) and man and himself, and the resulting mental trauma and abnormal psychology, pessimism and despair and nihilism. The overall alienation of these four relations is caused by the corrosion of modern capitalist relations, and they are distorted under its great pressure. The social significance and cognitive value of modernist literature are also here. " A selection of foreign modernist works? Preface, page 5, Yuan Kejia, Shanghai Literature and Art Publishing House, 1980) I think Mr. Yuan Kejia's exposition is profound and comprehensive, and captures the essential characteristics of western modernist literature. Following such a train of thought, let's analyze the ideological content of Metamorphosis.
First look at the revelation of the relationship between man and society in Metamorphosis. The relationship between individuals and society should be a complementary relationship between parts and the whole. But since the emergence of class, this relationship has been constantly in friction, conflict and opposition; Especially after entering the historical stage of capitalism, with the high development of industry and technology and the continuous accumulation of materials, the relationship between people and society has become more complicated. Man is no longer the master of society, but alienated into things, animals and non-people. Just as Marx defined alienation: "Things rule people, dead labor rules living labor, and products rule producers." Kafka lived in an era when Austria-Hungary was about to collapse and witnessed various social contradictions. Especially when he was working in an industrial injury insurance company, he came into contact with many workers who were disabled at work and lived in poverty, which made him realize that "the luxury of the rich is at the expense of the poverty of the poor", and it is increasingly difficult for the lower classes to control their own destiny. This is the era and background of Kafka's Metamorphosis.
Writers in 18 and 19 centuries generally reveal and criticize specific social problems and social phenomena from the perspective of social people, such as authoritarian regime, bureaucratic politics and moral degeneration. , with specific goals. Kafka's modernist writers, on the other hand, reveal and deny the whole society from the perspective of individuals and humanity, and their goals are general, abstract and comprehensive. This is sharper and more thorough than the exposure of realistic writers. Gregor, the protagonist in Metamorphosis, turned into a big beetle overnight, and the deep-seated reasons for people becoming bugs are the harsh social environment and the heavy mechanical labor itself. The boss of the company tightly rules the whole company and every employee. The secretary always supervises the behavior of every employee. Even doctors are always on the boss's side and never speak for employees. What about occupation? I am a traveling salesman, a "tiring job". I have to get up at 4 o'clock every day to catch the train. Running around all the year round, poor diet, irregular. Because of my work, I don't even have a confidant. Confused, "stupid". This is the kind of environment and career that Greg is facing. This environment is concrete, but more abstract and universal, which most people face every day. In such a social environment, people gradually become numb, mechanical, shrinking, become tools, and become "inhuman." How absurd it is for people to become beetles, but it also profoundly and sharply shows the terrible "alienation" relationship between society and people. In this relationship, society is strong, while people are passive and weak.
Look at the description of the relationship between people in Metamorphosis, which is the focus of the novel. Greg became a traveling salesman when his father's company went bankrupt, the whole family was in trouble and the burden of family life was provoked. He is respected and loved at home. When a person is dependent, his relationship with others will naturally be in a normal state. However, once Gregory became a big beetle, the relationship between father and son, mother and son, brother and sister suddenly changed 180 degrees, showing a terrible picture of extreme selfishness, indifference, cruelty and inability to communicate, and family and ethics disappeared.
Although Gregor has become a beetle, his thoughts and feelings as a human being are still there. He is anxious that he can't go to work on time. He is anxious that his boss will fire him. He is glad that his father has secretly saved some money. He plans to let his sister go to the Conservatory of Music next year. He is worried about his family's livelihood in the future? This is a kind, hardworking, honest and responsible young man. However, the overbearing and violent father completely forgot the love between father and son in the past, fearing that the "dirty laundry" would be publicized and would be rushed back to the room to be locked up. He even suspected that his son would take violence against his family, threatened him and hit him with an apple in an attempt to kill him. Father's love disappeared from him, exposing extreme egoism. The mother seems to have deeper feelings for her son. She sympathized with his bad luck. She can't accept the fact that her son has become a beetle, so it hurts, but she has regarded her son as a heavy burden in her heart. Even more hateful is my sister Gleiter. My brother likes him best and always thinks about her happiness and future. When my brother first changed, she could still do some nursing work, such as cleaning the room and delivering meals. But after a long time, she couldn't stand it anymore. She cried and begged her father, "We must try to get rid of him" and "He must leave here". He argued that this big beetle was not Gregory, and if it was, he should "voluntarily escape." This is actually a hint to Gregor. She also said out of thin air: Gregor will "kill you both", he is "persecuting everyone" and "trying to occupy the whole apartment". This hysterical crying exposed her inner selfishness, cunning and ruthlessness to the fullest.
Greg accepted this fact with a sober, "peaceful" and "contemplative" attitude, instead of being surprised or angry at his family's speech and behavior. He died quietly while "cherishing the memory of his family". His death made Samsha's family breathe a sigh of relief, and everyone bathed in the spring breeze in March and went out for an outing easily. Grigor's death did not affect other people's lives. This is the relationship between people in the capitalist world. Everyone is an egoist, and it is money and interests that maintain interpersonal relationships. Once this maintenance is broken, there will be only confrontation, conflict, separation, suspicion and killing between people. Kafka painted a cold picture between people with a cold style.
Finally, let's take a look at the relationship between man and nature and the relationship between man and himself in Metamorphosis. In the relationship between man and nature, it also includes the relationship between man and humanity. In human nature, there are both natural and social aspects, and the combination of the two constitutes a complete human nature. Metamorphosis reveals and denies human nature at this point. In the cold and heavy real world, it is difficult for people to preserve their own nature, and people are divided and alienated. Even though you still have consciousness, thoughts and emotions, your body has become an animal. Are people who become animals still people? This is a profound perspective of human nature by modernist writers. In the relationship between man and self, influenced by modern psychology, modernist writers have deep doubts about the stability, reliability and rationality of self. It is believed that the core of self is not rationality, but instinct (desire) and subconscious, so a large number of works show the confusion and illusion of character consciousness.
Metamorphosis is absurd, and we can regard it as a writer's "nightmare" or a subconscious activity. What the novel shows is the common theme of many modernist works: the sadness of losing oneself and the failure of finding oneself. Gregory has completely lost himself under the pressure of "tiring errands" and life. He tried to find back the joy of life and his own value, but he failed completely and became a big beetle that everyone was afraid and hated. The big beetle is a wonderful artistic symbol, which symbolizes the "alienation" situation of people in real life, and it symbolizes a kind of self-cowardice, escape and isolation. Humble little people can't compete with reality. He can only hide in the carapace, endure loneliness and look at the world coldly.
Reflection on Metamorphosis
Metamorphosis [Austria] Kafka's works are selected from Selected Short Stories of Kafka.
Later, the three of them left their residence together and went to the suburbs by tram. They haven't gone out together for several months, and the warm sunshine is all over the carriage, and there is no one else in the carriage except them. They leaned back comfortably and talked about the future prospects. They found that it's not bad to think about things carefully, because all three people's jobs are good, especially in the future, and they have never talked about these things with each other well before.
Comments:
It's hard to imagine that Samsha's family just lost a member: gregor, even though he has a beetle-like body? But they are obviously a little too calm and make people feel impersonal. However, judging from the full text of Metamorphosis, there is nothing abrupt about this plot, because it has a sense of humor in absurdity, and more importantly, the coherence of the full text and the interlude of the plot are the result of careful setting.
Kafka is not an aesthetician, but his romantic literary style has faded, and more is a survey of human nature and psychological analysis. Greg. That is, the so-called dead beetle behind, to some extent, it should distort the image at the social level, because it is completely impossible from the physiological point of view. But what is impossible in Kafka's works? He pursues spiritual harmony. The description of Samsa's family highlights a distorted consciousness, because Greg changed only a form, but the family's thoughts have changed fundamentally.
Greg. Samadhi has changed shape, but the change of human consciousness is not only external. From sympathy to disgust until abandonment, its essence is an expansion of selfish desires. People trample on the poor beetle unabashedly and fight it with their faces torn? This nonsense seems to imply that people seem more like wild animals in front of them. But in front of the same kind, they smile through the mask. This kind of allegory is undoubtedly pungent and hit the nail on the head, and Kafka won the status of a master in the history of modern western literature with this illusory writing technique and its unique style. The success of Metamorphosis lies in not winning by thinking and feeling. It blinks because there should be another sound under the thick sky around it. Therefore, we should be grateful: The Beatles presented us with the creation of this German writer, which inspired the future generations.
Reflection on Metamorphosis
When people grow up, most things happen with the shadow of childhood, or the epitome of childhood. I don't know if this is accurate enough. And a person's acquired personality is mostly related to childhood, and later growth may only account for a small part.
Kafka, why don't you get married? It is mentioned in the book that loneliness is the source of his creation, and he is a little afraid that his married life will disrupt his rhythm. I think maybe I don't like my fiancee enough. I don't like to give up everything for her, and I don't like to feel happy just looking forward to the future life scene with my fiancee. Therefore, I don't want the current pace of life to be disrupted.
Of course, the most likely thing is that when I was a child, my father was autocratic and the relationship between father and son was not good. I watched my mother or the whole family live under my father's tyranny. That kind of fear of married life, fear of father goes hand in hand. It's always hard to get out.
This review was not written after reading it. I don't remember when I finished reading it. Maybe a month ago, two months ago. What I remember most is the depression, depression, darkness and loneliness revealed in Kafka's novels. After reading it? It's like you can't find the feeling of light when you are looking for hiding, just like looking for light in the dark, there is silence.
I have been thinking recently, what is the purpose of busy life day after day? What's the point? There are traces in life. Sorry, I haven't figured it out yet. It's like being in a big box, as if you can see a different world without anything. Life is like this, one question after another, climbing one mountain after another, and finally we can understand things and get peace.
Reflection on Metamorphosis
In any case, family is very, very important to everyone. It can be said that without family, there would be no warmest place in the world; If you don't have a family, you don't have the truest love in the world, so family is an essential thing in our life. But some people don't.
If you don't believe me, read the following story! The Metamorphosis written by Kafka. In the novel, Gregor, the hero who becomes a beetle, loves his family very much and works hard for his family every day, but one day he suddenly becomes a beetle. Since then, he can only rely on his sister to deliver some food every day, and sometimes her sister will help him clean up the dust and debris. However, his family dislikes him more and more? They can't accept a person who has become a beetle.
Later, because he made a small mistake, his sister became the person who misunderstood him the most. My sister didn't want to give him anything and help him clean his room. Even his room became a place to pile up sundries. The first person to reject him was his sister, which made Gregor very painful. In the end, his family didn't regard him as family, and his father even wanted to kill him like a bug. My father hit gregor on the back with an apple, which almost killed him. It can be said that he has no home. Finally, Gregor felt that he was the biggest drag on his family, so he starved to death. What a sad story this is!
Why did gregor die of hunger strike? I think the answer is that he has no family. What a painful and sad thing it is! So, family is really important. Without family, there is no complete life.
Life needs a family. With a family, we can share our joys and sorrows with everyone. Every day, we will be happy and have the strength to share. Let's take good care of our families and have the best world.
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