During the writing process, the author repeatedly refined the words and sentences to make them more clear, accurate and vividly reflect the objective and actual process.
Many writers often refine words and sentences from these two aspects.
On the one hand, we strive to use words accurately and concisely, and strive to use the most appropriate words and sentences to reflect objective reality and the author's thoughts and feelings. "Chronicles of Song Poetry" records two lines of poems: "White birds fly in the wind and smoke on the plains, and green vines are curled up in the clouds and trees in the middle of the mountain." This was later changed to "White birds fly in the wind and smoke in the plains, and green vines are curled up in the clouds and trees in the middle of the mountain." The word "fly" in the original poem is used in a more general way and is changed to the word "horizontal", which not only shows that the white bird is "flying", but also expresses the vastness of the space and the strong wind, accurately depicting the white bird's movements when flying. Concrete image. There are two lines in Lu Xun's poem "Untitled": "Seeing my friends become new ghosts, I look for small poems angrily at the edge of the knife", which was later changed to "I can't bear to see my friends become new ghosts, and I look for small poems angrily at the sword". Changing "seeing" to "bearing looking" expresses the author's unbearable anger; changing "border of the knife" to "bush of knives" more profoundly reveals the executioner's temporary power and cruelty.
On the other hand, strive to be implicit and vivid, and strive to make words and sentences contain richer ideological capacity and have a more vivid image. Wang Anshi's poem "Mooring Boats in Guazhou": "Between Jingkou and Guazhou, Zhongshan is only separated by a few mountains. The spring breeze is green on the south bank of the river. When will the bright moon shine on me again?" The reason why the word "green" in the poem is compared to "Arrive", "pass", "enter" and "man" are better because they vividly reflect the beautiful scene of spring in the south of the Yangtze River and reveal the author's enterprising spirit full of hope for the future.
When refining words and sentences, you should pay full attention to the principle of "being relevant and not surprising". Some words and sentences may seem ordinary, but they are actually the result of the author's painstaking efforts. The predecessors called them "refinement without refinement". For example, there is a famous line in Tao Yuanming's poem "Drinking": "Picking chrysanthemums under the eastern fence, leisurely seeing Nanshan Mountain", in which the word "seeing" is used very accurately. Because the poet was concentrating on "picking chrysanthemums" and had no intention of looking at the mountains. He just raised his head occasionally and saw the towering Nanshan Mountain. Therefore, the word "see" vividly reflects the "leisurely" mood of the poet at that time. Some books write "Looking at Nanshan leisurely," but the word "look" cannot fully convey this mood.
Refining words and sentences should be focused, purposeful and selective, and should be practiced at key points. There is a line in Song Qi's poem "Spring in the Jade House" that goes "The red apricot branches are noisy in spring." This word "noisy" is full of emotion and meaning, which makes the whole sentence brilliant and is the key to the whole sentence. Yang Shuo's essay "Snow Waves" writes about the working people diligently building the people's country. Lao Taishan said: "Don't look at the small waves, but countless waves gathered together, united and patient, just bite and bite like this. Yes, if you bite for hundreds, thousands, or tens of thousands of years, even an iron-clad country can change its appearance." These carefully tempered words suddenly transformed the vast majority represented by Lao Taishan. The lofty spiritual realm of the working people's perseverance and transformation of mountains and rivers is shown. The word "bite" in the sentence summarizes the quality and perseverance of the working people's concerted efforts and hard work.