The dragon knelt down and asked the old man, "How is the newcomer?" "Although the couple agreed to ③, if they were not old friends ④. The color is similar, but the claws are different. "
"Newcomers enter from the door, so old people go from the combination." "New artificial weaving once, so artificial weaving once.
Weave a horse for more than 50 feet a day. New people are better than old people. "
(Note) ① Wu Hong: a kind of vanilla, which can be used as a spice. The ancients thought that taking China clover could give birth to more sons.
(2) He Ru: What it looks like. (3) good: beautiful.
(4) Shu: it is synonymous with "good" and beautiful. 5] claw: refers to textile skills, which is equivalent to saying "craft".
[6] off: small door. (7) work: good at it, good at it.
Sword and level tone: yellow silk. ⑻ Element: white fine silk, which is more expensive than silk.
A horse is four feet long. This is a very dramatic ancient poem, which needs to be written by contemporary talents. Love, triangle, tears, and some erotic Chili noodles can at least tell a short story, which is full of sadness and resentment.
But the ancients only used four groups of five words, * * * sixteen sentences and eighty words to perfectly express this story. The characters in the poem are a divorced couple, and there is another character who does not appear, that is, the wife gets married after her ex-husband.
The ancients who cherish ink like gold can almost come alive in such a short space, write their dialogues and exchanges, recall their feelings, and write the woman's dissatisfaction with being abandoned and the man's regret. Although they didn't write it, they can understand that the sequel written at home is not necessarily happy. It makes readers feel as if they are in a scene. It is really a masterpiece of poetic art, no wonder it has been told by people for thousands of years.
This simple poem tells us a truth. A good literary work is always the simplest and clearest, and it is not easy to miss a word. There is not a dispensable word or dispensable word throughout.
Probably, the more incompetent, mysterious and inexplicable the author is, just like the foot-binding cloth of Ms. Feet, which is endless. This plant, Taoerqi, also known as Taoerqi and Gracilaria, is a kind of vanilla, as the dictionary says.
The woman picked the fresh leaves of Polygonum hydropiper on the mountain, and dried them in the shade when she came back, which can be used as stuffing for sachets. Why did she go to the mountain to pick this plant? This is a secret that the author doesn't want to write or tell the reader directly.
In fact, this woman was divorced and abandoned by her husband. The ancients thought that turnips could make women have more children, so ancient women of childbearing age used this sachet filled with turnips to wear.
Because the ancients regarded having children and inheriting them from generation to generation as the top priority between husband and wife, family and clan. There are three unfilial, no queen. In feudal society, as long as a woman committed one of the "seven outings", she was expelled from her home.
Infertility is the first unwritten law. Any infertile wife will sooner or later break off her engagement and send it back to her family.
The woman who picks weeds on the mountain has to break up with her husband and live alone because she can't give birth to a man and a woman. However, this poor woman is not reconciled to the fact that she can never have children. Therefore, she came to the mountain with a faint hope to pick this herb that might bring her good news.
The "sigh of weeds" popular on the edge of ancient population is the helpless regret of women who should have given birth but could not. Almost no one sends out such feelings anymore.
However, on the other hand, this ancient idiom is not meaningless and will not be mentioned forever. For example, writers, some just blossom without results, exist in name only; Some flowers also bloom, and the result is no result, bluffing; Some flowers and fruits, still hung up, can grow crooked melons and dates, which are unsightly; Some don't blossom or bear fruit at all, let alone bear fruit.
But all the year round, it is always in the literary world, pregnant, giving birth to children ... All these, writers should be like women of childbearing age, and there is such a crisis of "Sigh of Weeds". In all the selected books, this ancient poem is regarded as the words of abandoning a wife.
She went to pick weeds on the mountain and happened to meet her ex-husband. I wonder, is this husband also picking this herb for his new wife, so that women can have more children? Otherwise, how can we meet again here? How is it possible that the topic of both of them focuses on "How is the newcomer?" Generally speaking, people always like the new and hate the old, because the old represents the past and the new means the future.
Shine on you is better than blue, and it comes from behind. The waves behind the Yangtze River push the waves before, and the old is not as good as the new. Therefore, the old times, old society, old habits and old traditions are not as energetic as the new century, new China, new atmosphere and new fashion.
Therefore, new shoes, new hats, new houses, new cars, new tea and new rice, the bride and groom, all those who are crowned with a new word, including the new generation of literature, beautiful writers with bright eyes and white teeth, and attractive young talents, are easy to please. Just look at the brushstrokes of some famous critics in the field of contemporary literature, and you will understand.
Every male writer in his forties and every female writer in his thirties are the objects of their special concern, and the latter is the object of their special concern. On the whole, the high temperature from the summer solstice in Beijing this year is unmatched by the high frequency of comments, strong affirmation, heavy mission of flower protection and great enthusiasm for promotion.
However, the "old father-in-law" in "Going up the Mountain to Pick Novels" is different from some people in the literary criticism field, and even holds the banner that "the new person is not as good as the old one" and holds the view that the new one is not as good as the old one; From today's perspective, it is obvious that it is not fashionable from time to time, and I am afraid it will be laughed at. In the conversation with his ex-wife, he said: "Although the new couple speaks well, they are not as good as their old friends, and their colors are similar, but their hands and claws are different."
The first three sentences are pleasantries to comfort the woman's extremely lost heart. Because, he is a bit ungentlemanly when dealing with this marriage change, almost like a maid-in-waiting.
"New people enter from the door, so old people come out from the pavilion." There is simply no room for discussion, bringing a new wife into the house without saying hello.
Just the last sentence, the so-called "hands and claws are not like", is his voice at the moment. Next, his mood is: "New artificial knitting, therefore.
In ancient times, the phrase describing women's social status meant that a girl was born at home. Giving birth to a boy is called "amusing".
Used as an object; Congratulations on the birth of a girl.
The value of tile (tile) and Meiyu (Zhang) can't be compared naturally, and the joy of the owner is even more different. . . In fact, this title is a bit patriarchal.
Once upon a time, giving birth to a boy was called "the joy of cheating" and giving birth to a girl was called "the joy of cheating". "Nongzhang Nung Wa" praised The Book of Songs and Xiaoya Four Cadres. "When a person is born, he sleeps with his bed on his back, wears clothes on his back, and takes off his clothes on his back. ..... is a girl, a place to sleep, a place to wear clothes, and a place to play with tiles. " Zhang is a good jade; Tiles are part of a spinning wheel. Boys Nongzhang and girls play with tiles, which is a view that boys like better than girls. "River bed Nongzhang" and "River bed tiling" areas
Does the Republic of China still exist in disguise? In some places, male students are called "exultation" and female students are called "Little Xi". Friends and relatives presented colorful books and couplets. Male students wrote "Nongzhang" and female students wrote "Tiling". "
Nongzhang "and" Tiling "
In the Zhou Dynasty more than two thousand years ago, it was used as a synonym for boys and girls. Later generations celebrated the joy of relatives and friends with "the joy of playing Zhang" and "the joy of playing tiles", which became a widely circulated congratulatory message in the old days and is still occasionally used today.
The seal is made of jade and the tile is made of pottery. The texture of the two is completely different. Zhang is a ritual vessel, tile (spinning wheel) is a tool, and the user's identity is completely different. And its representation of men and women highlights the superiority of men and women in ancient society. However, at that time, it was natural to prefer sons to daughters, and everyone was reasonable. Therefore, "Nongzhang" wishes a boy happiness; "Tiling" wishes a baby girl, which is also recognized.
Zhang Hewa's name was first seen in The Book of Songs. This is a poem to congratulate the nobles on building a palace. There are two paragraphs in the poem that read:
It is a person, a bed for sleeping, clothes and a platform for getting rid of. I weep for you, Dizhu, the king of the clan.
It is the place where women are born, where they sleep, where they wear clothes and where they play with tiles. There is nothing but etiquette, only talking about wine and food, and there is no embarrassment for parents.
The previous paragraph said that the new palace was built, and if a boy was born, yu zhang would give him a bed, dress him and let him play. Listen to his loud cry, and you will have a bright future and a prominent position. At least he is a vassal, and maybe he can put on the clothes of the emperor (Zhu, known as the clothes of the emperor).
In the second paragraph, it is said that after the new palace is built, if a girl is born, she will lie on the ground, wrapped in swaddling clothes and playing with a ceramic spinning wheel. When she grows up, this girl is an expert at housework. She neither annoys her parents nor treats her husband's family well. She is praised as a good wife and mother who never makes trouble. No manners, that is, things will not go out of line).
Obviously, the so-called "Nongzhang" and "playing with tiles" are completely in line with the general mentality of people in the historical background at that time, and are beyond reproach. As for the words that appear in some people's words or speeches today, congratulations on the birth of boys and girls is a special word, and the obsession with elegance is precisely to pick up the mantle that has been spurned by the new era. The ancients had their essence and their dross. Nongzhang and Playing with Tiles prefer boys to girls, which is not their essence. When the host heard of the birth of a boy, if he understood the meaning of his words, he would just laugh it off, but the birth of a girl's home was not a taste in his heart, and he also blamed the congratulations on what they had done. Quoting classics, expressing your mind and using them properly will naturally add interest; Improper use is just the opposite of the original intention, the listener is quite embarrassed and the speaker will not be comfortable. This is indispensable in daily life. "Nongzhang" and "Tile" seem elegant, but they are not commendatory words.
For some idioms and allusions, only by understanding their meanings can we not use them wrongly or write them wrongly. Take Nongzhang as an example. Li was the prime minister of the Tang Dynasty. He had no academic background and often joked with allusions. The Book of the Old Tang Dynasty recorded one thing:
Too often young Qing Du Jiang, Fu Lin's brother-in-law, celebrated his wife's birthday. Fu Lin wrote, "I heard there was a trick celebration." Cover the guest's mouth.
"Nongzhang" is written as "getting rid of". The former is expensive and the latter is a beast, which is totally irrelevant. For the prime minister, this mistake can't be said to be an anecdote. The Book of Old Tang Dynasty was specially written for later generations.
After the Tang Dynasty, people often used "the celebration of making a fool of yourself" to ridicule Li in his poems, or to satirize a generation of shallow literati. In Su Dongpo's works, however, he skillfully used this allusion and was ingenious.
Su Dongpo is so funny. He wrote a poem "Congratulations to my old brother Zhang Zi", which is very apt. Among them, he also caught Li's laughing stock, but it was likable:
Onions filled the night just to see Xu Xiang's second chicken. I want to be a soup cookie, but I'm worried about writing the wrong book. The bride who joined the army is an enemy, and A Dazhong enjoys it. I never know English, so I'll try to teach you how to call it.
In the poem, Su Dongpo skillfully uses anecdotes and says, "I'm only worried about writing the wrong book", which is ridiculous. This kind of cover-up will certainly make the host happy, because this poem, in Li's joke, is to congratulate the host on the birth of his son.
3. Poems describing women's independence:
1. If I love you, I will never show off myself on your high branches like climbing Campbell; If I love you, I will never learn from spoony birds and repeat monotonous songs for the shade; It is not only like spring, but also brings cool comfort all year round; It is not just like a dangerous peak, it increases your height and sets off your dignity. Even during the day. Even spring rain.
No, these are not enough! I must be a kapok beside you, standing with you as a tree. Roots, close to the ground, leaves, lingering in the clouds. Every time a gust of wind blows, we greet each other, but no one understands us. You have your copper branches and iron stems, like knives, swords and halberds.
I have my red flowers, like a heavy sigh, like a heroic torch, and we share cold waves, storms and thunder; We * * * enjoy the mist and rainbow, as if we were separated forever, but we were dependent on each other for life. This is great love, and here is firmness: not only love your stalwart body, but also love your stand and the land under your feet. This is the meaning of deep love, maybe.
2. It is inevitable to do something in life and do something wrong; Don't learn to forget, you won't remember; This is the dialectics of life and the law of life itself. I think many times, people should not only learn to forget, but also learn to be willing.
3. If crying is just a catharsis, don't forbear any more, tears can sometimes wash away cowardice; Life wants us to move forward with tears, and we will always give you a smile inadvertently.
4. Girls should love themselves, no matter how difficult you encounter, no matter how sad you encounter, falling under an excuse is also depravity. The less you love yourself, the less people love you.
There are beautiful women in the north, and they are peerless and independent. Take care of the city first, then the country. I'd rather not know the whole city and country, but it's hard to get another beautiful woman!
Extended data:
Independence means independence or not being affiliated or subordinate in a relationship. Do sth independently.
Ideological field: An independent person has an independent mind, an independent personality and the ability to live independently. However, human beings are social animals and generally have no self-sufficiency ability. Let's just say that some people are independent. An independent country means that the power of rule and management is exercised by the people of that country.
Only independence can win the respect of others, only independence can gain confidence in the future, and only independence can live more vigorously. So you have to be independent.
References:
Independence-sogou encyclopedia
4. Look at the status of ancient women from ancient poems. On the third day, cook instead of me and wash your hands to make bride soup. I don't know my in-laws, but my husband's sister should smell like Fiat. cook
Haw answers haw, Mulan is weaving at home, but she can't hear the loom, only the woman's sigh. Spinning and weaving
In the old society, women were nothing more than washing and cooking, doing needlework, having children, caring for each other, educating their children and serving Gaotang. Three obedience and four virtues! The ancients said that "a woman without talent is virtue". How many people can be like Ban Jieyu, Su Hui, Wenxi and Yi Zhe?
Even if there is a talent for chanting, the virtue of stopping, and the appearance of flowers, what? ! Even Zhuo Wenjun, a talented woman, can't help but sigh, "I hope that in the next life, you will be a woman and I will be a man.". It can be seen that women are only "stunners" in the male-dominated society, and even if they have "cherry Su Fan mouth and waist", they are also men's playthings and accessories. Maybe this is the sadness of those women?
Jiao Zhongqing's wife in Peacock Flying Southeast is perfect, but she still can't escape the fate of her next wife. Women's sadness can be seen.
5. What is the status of women in The Book of Songs? By analyzing the poems narrated in feminine tone in The Book of Songs, we can roughly see three different female consciousness: 1. Women's sense of independence. According to the feminist point of view, the social structure in the past and now is based on patriarchy, and men bear the basic functions of society, while women are in an auxiliary position in society.
Women are the second sex, the "other" in society, and are always in the position of being seen. In literature, female images are the foil of men and the product of novels serving the patriarchal culture.
However, in The Book of Songs, there are many poems that embody women's consciousness of complete independence. In some chapters, women are examiners, while men become "others". For example, Zuo and Zhu in The Book of Songs are described from this angle.
2. Women's attachment In a patriarchal society, it is natural for women who are politically and economically attached to men to feel attached. In the eyes of feminists, this male-centered consciousness is exactly the oppression consciousness they want to subvert and criticize.
As a woman, recognizing and echoing this consciousness is undoubtedly of more profound anatomical value for analyzing and exposing the oppression and slavery of women in a patriarchal society. Poems such as bamboo pole and Bo Xilai in The Book of Songs are extensions of this kind of theme.
3. Women's Rebellious Consciousness There is a sentence in the book Feminist Theory: From the Edge to the Center: What is the fate of women? It is freedom that determines her own destiny and gets rid of the role controlled by others; Free from the oppression of society, she can fully express her thoughts freely and put them into action freely. (2) When women in China grew up in patriarchal families, they became aware of women's rights. They observe from the outside and from the inside, thus providing them with a rebellious world view through India's overall viewpoint and their consciousness.
Simply put, it is resistance because of oppression, and it is because of seeing oppression that there is a cry and struggle of resistance. Because they want to control their own destiny, they want to end their controlled life freely.
Women's resistance consciousness refers to women's self-consciousness in the face of male oppression and injury, as well as their accusation and resistance to oppressors. Because this resistance is passive, spontaneous rather than conscious, the female consciousness embodied in it is also limited, struggling and contradictory.
As mentioned above, women in "Meng" and "Che" appear in poetry with such consciousness. From the above analysis, we can see that in the era of The Book of Songs, women had a strong sense of autonomy, and the pursuit of individuality and freedom became the mainstream of women's consciousness in the era of The Book of Songs. The consciousness of women's independence even surpassed that of modern times to some extent.
Among more than 80 love poems in The Book of Songs, there are 2 1 which shows women's pursuit of individual freedom, accounting for14 of the total, while there are 13 which describe abandoned wives, but the total number is obviously less than the former. The former, together with four poems revealing rebellious consciousness between the lines, shows an absolute overwhelming advantage.
Of course, we can see the existence of these three States of consciousness of women in every era. No matter from Han and Tang dynasties to modern times or from China, we can clearly feel the diversity of female consciousness from women who are active in the stage of time and space: either pursuing individual freedom, or willingly attaching to the patriarchal system, or spontaneously resisting in attachment ... However, the female consciousness in the Book of Songs era has distinct characteristics different from other historical stages.
It should be said that in the era of the Book of Songs, the female consciousness was in a primitive state, but from the initial embryonic stage, the female consciousness in the era of the Book of Songs showed the world the strong vitality of the sense of freedom. Women's freedom consciousness in The Book of Songs is like a single spark, which started a prairie fire and burned the whole sky in The Book of Songs.
Like a fern growing in the wild, it has not been infected and oppressed, which naturally makes the words filled with a wild propaganda atmosphere, making people hold the Book of Songs in their hands and recite the poems in a low voice, with their hearts pounding with those poems lingering in their mouths. It feels like lighting a fire in winter. The fire-like enthusiasm is enough to burn the readers, leaving the women who are bound by ethics in the future unknown and disgraceful. In fact, women's female consciousness should include social understanding of women and women's self-awareness.
Women's self-awareness refers to women's understanding, feeling and evaluation of a series of activities such as the value, morality and aesthetics of their own objects as the cognitive subject of people with feelings and thinking. The course of female consciousness of women in China is a history of ups and downs of female consciousness in male society and individual families.
The process of female consciousness sinking is the process of women being deprived of their rights, losing their freedom and falling into a dependent position. The word "she" in The Book of Songs is far more bold and straightforward than that of men.
Their inner world is revealed without any cover. No matter how much they miss each other, they can call a spade a spade, and even their affair with men has no secrets. Although they were oppressed by the feudal ethical code system, the oppression remained at a simple level, and their love consciousness was still enthusiastically publicized, which was in sharp contrast with the obscure and depressed female love consciousness that fell into the abyss of feudal ethical code later.
Of course, from today's Dunhuang data, women in the Tang Dynasty still enjoyed a high status in society. At that time, girls in Dunhuang could choose their husbands themselves and make demands on them until they were satisfied.
But by the time of Song and Ming Dynasties, although there were folk songs reflecting the voice of freedom, the concept of female chastity in Neo-Confucianism was still hard to see. Zhu Cheng's Neo-Confucianism put forward the way of learning, which further developed women's chastity view. One is the isolation and alienation of "men and women are not close", and the other is the way of ignoring death and emphasizing chastity.
In the Qing Dynasty, the feudal system's control and oppression of women reached its peak. According to some data, women in different dynasties lived in different periods.