Poetry: a literary genre that reflects life and expresses emotions through language with rhythm and rhyme.
In ancient China, things that are not in harmony with music are called poems, and things that are in harmony with music are called songs. , collectively referred to as poetry in modern times
Ci: Stylistic name, a verse form of poetry, developed from five-character poems, seven-character poems or folk songs,
Beginning in the Tang Dynasty, it flourished In the Song Dynasty. It was originally a poetry style sung with music. The length of the sentence changes with the tune of the song.
So it is also called long and short sentences. There are two types: Xiaoling and Manci, which are generally divided into upper and lower columns.
The difference between poetry and poetry: in terms of time, it is generally believed that poetry began in the Warring States Period, and poetry was published in the end of the Tang Dynasty and the Five Dynasties. For most scholar-bureaucrats in ancient times, poetry was about fame and fortune. Poetry for literati was another part of writing articles, which was their main job, while lyrics were a side job. There are very few people who write poetry, so Ci also has a name: "Shiyu" - it was a little different in the Qing Dynasty. Ci was especially loved by women and children. There were several famous sisters in "Qing Ci" but no poems were circulated. . The difference between poetry and words, Wang Guowei's "Human Words on Words" said: Words are the body, and they must be refined and cultivated. They can say what poetry cannot, but they cannot express everything that poetry can say. The realm of poetry is broad and the words of words are long. "The meaning is very obvious, it seems that a gentleman said it all: "In terms of contrast: in terms of the impression given by people, the poetry is strong and the words are soft; in terms of expression techniques, the poetry is direct and the lyrics and music are; the degree of expression of affection, Poems are revealed, but words are hidden; in terms of gender (origin and attribution), the poets are men and the words are women. ”
The differences in the literary characteristics of poetry and lyrics are also reflected in the following five aspects:
1. Differences in the relationship between poetry and music
Poetic style and There are great differences in the literary characteristics of poetry. Let’s compare the literary characteristics of poetry and poetry below. First of all, the relationship between poetry and music is different from the beginning. It has an indissoluble bond with music, but poetry eventually separated from music, and after being separated from music, it moved towards its own maturity and prosperity, while words sprouted from the soil of music, and musicality is the essence of word literature. The most basic feature is that even after the Southern Song Dynasty lyrics were no longer completely sung to music and became a new type of rhythmic poetry, they still had to be filled in according to the rhythm and music prescribed by the lyrics, and the imprint of music was still indelible.
2. Differences in external form
Differences in external form are reflected in sentence structure, syntax, rhyme, antithesis, etc.
First of all, look at sentence structure and meter. The verse pattern is neat and uniform, and the length of ancient poems is arbitrary; the sentence pattern of the words is uneven, but the uneven arias of the words are also determined by the meter; secondly, the syntax of the poems is also very different, and the syntax of the metrical poems is relatively fixed, with two, three, and two Two or three rhythms; the syntax of the words is flexible and diverse, and one word can be read thousands of miles away; thirdly, the rhyme rules of the poems are also different. The metrical poems only use flat rhyme, one rhyme to the end, and the rhyme is repeated in every other sentence, and the first sentence can be used or not. Press; the words are flat and oblique, and the rhyme can be changed in the middle. The density of rhyme and footwork is uncertain, but it is determined by the meter. Finally, the rules for antithesis in poetry are also very different. The second and third couplets of the metrical poem must be in antithesis, but the antithesis of the words is not. It is much more flexible and there is no unified requirement. If the tripod is right, it can be right or wrong. Difference. The subject matter of poetry is more focused on political themes, with the rise and fall of the country, people's sufferings, ambitions, ups and downs of officialdom, etc. as the main content. It mainly expresses the emotions unique to social groups; while poetry is more focused on subject matter and content. One of the distinctive features of the poem is that it mainly describes the love between men and women, lovesickness and separation, and mostly expresses the author's personal self-emotions.
4. Differences in language characteristics
Poetry is A typical language art, but Ci is a typical exquisite language art. Mr. Miao Yue once vividly compared the language characteristics of poetry to the elegant garden pavilions of scholar-bureaucrats and famous ladies. Because the subject matter of the poems is mostly about women, the language of the poems also has a feminine color, which is more delicate, delicate, delicate and fragrant.
5. Differences in style
Poetry style. The difference is succinctly summarized in Shizhuang Cimei (in the words of Li Dongqi of the Qing Dynasty). Even works with the same subject matter and content present very different styles; and the poetry works of the same writer also show completely different styles and themes. The difference in content and language features has a lot to do with it.