Yanmen satrap
Li he
Enemy soldiers rolled in like dark clouds in an attempt to tear down the city wall; Our army was ready, and the sun shone on the armor, glittering with gold.
In autumn, the loud bugle sounded; The soldier's blood became dark in the night.
The red flag rolled half, and the reinforcements rushed to Xiao; The night frost is heavy and the drums are gloomy.
I want to report to you on the golden platform, and I want to take Yulong to your death.
This poem depicts the tragic battle scene with rich mottled colors, and the strange picture accurately shows the frontier fortress scenery and ever-changing war situation at a specific time and place.
source
Dark clouds crush the city, which was written by Li He, a poet in the Tang Dynasty. Yan Men Tai Shou Hang is a poem written by Li He, a poet in the Tang Dynasty, describing the scene of war by using the theme of ancient Yuefu.
Sentence annotation
⑴ Wild Goose Gate Taishouxing: the name of ancient Yuefu tunes. Yanmen, county name. Guyanmen County, located in the northwest of Shanxi Province, is the junction of the Tang Dynasty and the northern Turkic tribes.
(2) Dark clouds: This describes that the smoke and dust of the war are overwhelming and diffuse near the border town, and the atmosphere is very tense. Destruction: destruction. Jiaguang: refers to the flash of armor to the sun. Golden scales: It means like golden scales. This sentence describes the tense atmosphere and critical situation in Enemy at the Gates.
⑶ Armor light: The light emitted by armor against the sun. Armor refers to armor and battle clothes. Facing the sun: facing the sun. Another version says "Go to the Moon". Orientation: orientation, orientation. Golden scales: (Armor) Shines like golden scales. Gold: The color is like gold. Open: Open and expand.
⑷ Horn: A wind instrument in the ancient army, mostly made of animal horns, was also a horn in the ancient army.
5. Stuffing with fat to coagulate the night purple: swallowing fat, that is, rouge, means that the mud coagulates like rouge in the twilight. The night is purple, showing a deep purple in the twilight. Coagulation, coagulation. Yan Zhi and Purple at Night suggest the bloodiness on the battlefield.
[6] approach: approach, reach, and approach. Yishui: the name of the river, a tributary of the upper reaches of the Daqing River, originated in Yixian County, Hebei Province, and flowed southeast into the Daqing River. Xiao is far from the fortress, so Jing Ke's story is used to express the tragic significance. During the Warring States Period, Jing Ke stabbed the king of Qin, and Yan Taizi Dan and others sent him to Yishui. Jing Ke sang generously: "The wind is rustling and the water is cold, and the strong man is gone forever!" Sorry: it means the drum is low.
(7) Heavy drum cold in first frost: the first frost is cold, and the drums are dull. No sound: describe the low drum sound; Not loud. This sentence is written as "first frost can't afford to get cold."
(8) reward: repayment. Huang Jintai: It is located in the southeast of Yixian County, Hebei Province. It is said that it was built in Yan Zhaowang during the Warring States Period. The Warring States Policy Yance contains Yan Zhaowang's pursuit of scholars, building a high platform, putting gold on it, and recruiting talents from all over the world. Meaning: trust and reuse.
Yulong: the name of the sword. Jun: The king.
Vernacular translation
Enemy soldiers rolled in like dark clouds, trying to destroy the city wall; Because our army is strict, the sun shines on the armor and the golden light flashes.
In autumn, the loud bugles shake the earth; At night, the soldiers' blood clots turned purple.
The red flag is half-rolled, and reinforcements rush to Xiao; The night is frosty and the drums are gloomy.
Just to repay the king's kindness, he held a sword and died.
Creation background
There are two versions about the age of this poem. One theory is that this poem was written in the 9th year of Tang Xianzong Yuanhe (8 14). At that time, Tang Xianzong took Zhang Xu as our time and led the troops to quell the rebellion (mutiny) in Yanmen County. Li He improvised poems to boost morale and made this song "Wild Goose Gate".
To put it another way, according to Tang Zhanggu's Advocating Leisure, Li He showed Han Yu a volume of poetry, and Han Yu appreciated it after reading it. Yuan and two years (807).
Overall appreciation
"Yan Men Tai Shou Hang" is an old topic in Yuefu. There are eight sentences in this poem. The first four sentences are about the scene before sunset. The first sentence not only talks about scenery, but also about things, which successfully exaggerates the tense atmosphere and critical situation in Enemy at the Gates. The word "dark clouds crush the city to destroy" vividly reveals the number and fierceness of the enemy, the disparity in strength between the warring parties and the difficult situation of the defenders. The defenders in the city are compared with the enemy outside the city. Suddenly, the situation changed, and a ray of sunshine penetrated through the clouds and reflected on the armor of the soldiers guarding the city, only to see glittering and dazzling. At the moment, they are preparing to fight. Here, daylight is used to show the camp and morale of the defenders, and the scene is very wonderful. It is said that Wang Anshi once criticized this sentence, saying, "When dark clouds overwhelm the city, is there still light in the sun?" Yang Shen claimed that he had indeed seen such a scene, accusing Wang Anshi of saying, "Song Lao's headscarf doesn't know poetry." In fact, the truth of art and the truth of life cannot be equated. When the enemy besieged the city, there may not be dark clouds. When the defenders are in array, it is not necessarily the sun that shines and cheers. Dark clouds and sunshine in poetry are the means for poets to create environment and create meaning. The third sentence and the fourth sentence describe the gloomy and miserable battlefield atmosphere from the auditory and visual aspects respectively. It's already late autumn, and all the trees are crumbling. In the dead silence, the horn sounded. Obviously, a thrilling battle is going on. "The sound of trumpets is all over the sky" outlines the scale of the war. With the advantage of numbers, the enemy clamored for progress and pressed forward step by step. The defender didn't get cold feet because of his weakness. Encouraged by the sound of the trumpet, their morale was high and they fought back hard. The fighting lasted from day to dusk. The poet did not directly describe the fierce scene of the wheel-staggered and hand-to-hand combat, but only made a rough but expressive description of the scene on the battlefield after the withdrawal of the two sides: the battle lasted from day to night, the sunset glow reflected the battlefield, and large rouge-like red blood condensed on the earth through the night fog. This gloomy and dignified atmosphere reflects the tragic scene of the battle site, suggesting that both the offensive and defensive sides have a large number of casualties, and the soldiers guarding the city are still at a disadvantage, which has made necessary preparations for the next friendly rescue.
The last four sentences are about the activities of the rescue forces. "Half-rolled red flag is near Yishui" and "half-rolled" have extremely rich meanings. Marching in the dark, to stop it, is to "surprise, attack unprepared": "coming to Yishui" not only shows the location of the battle, but also implies that the soldiers have a strong pride of "the wind blows and the water cools, and the strong men are gone forever" Then describe the bitter battle scene: as soon as the rescue troops approached the enemy camp, they beat gongs and drums and cheered and went into battle. But the night is so cold and frosty that even the drums can't move. Faced with many difficulties, the soldiers were not discouraged. "I want to report to you on the golden platform, and I want to take Yulong to your death." Huang Jintai was built in southeast Xiao during the Warring States Period. It is said that he once put a lot of gold on the stage, saying that he would not hesitate to spend a lot of money to attract scholars from all over the world. The poet quoted this story to express the soldiers' determination to serve the court.
Brief introduction of the author
Li He (790-816) was a poet in the Tang Dynasty. The word Changji was born in Fuchang (now Yiyang West, Henan Province). In the Tang Dynasty, when the royal family married far away, the family background had already declined, life was difficult and the official career was destroyed. Zeng Guan served Li Lang. To avoid family secrets, I was forced not to take the Jinshi exam. He became a poet in his early years, known to Han Yu and Huang Fushi, and befriended Shen Yazhi. He died at the age of 26. His poems are longer than Yuefu, and show more political dissatisfaction. He is good at casting words, galloping imagination, using myths and legends to create novel and magnificent poetic scenes, which is unique in the history of poetry. Yan Yu's Cang Lang Shi Hua is called "Li Changji Style". Some works are gloomy and the language is too elaborate. There is "Long Valley Collection".