1. Expose the fatuity and decay of the rulers, such as Du Mu's Crossing the Qing Palace. There are piles of embroidery in Chang 'an, and thousands of doors are opened at the top of the mountain. As soon as I rode on the smile of smoke and smoke, no one knew that the fresh fruit litchi was sent from the south.
2. Reflect the pain caused by chaos, such as: Du Fu's "Spring Watch" although the country has broken mountains and rivers for a long time, the vegetation is spring. Sad state, can not help but burst into tears, amazing birds, leaving sorrow and hate. The war lasted for more than half a year, and letters from home were rare, with a hundred thousand gold. Twisting with melancholy, scratching my head and thinking, the more I scratch my white hair, I can hardly insert a hairpin.
3. Sympathize with the people's sufferings, such as "The Hut Was Blown by Autumn Wind" and Bai Juyi's "Selling Charcoal Weng"
4. Worries about the future and destiny of the country.
For example, Du Fu's "Climbing the stairs, flowers, as high as my window" broke the heart of a wanderer, because I saw from this height that sadness was everywhere. The spring scenery of Jinjiang flooded in, and the clouds on the mountain, ancient, varied and changeable. The imperial court, like the North Star, will not change in the end, and the Western Hills of Kohl will not invade Tibet. However, in the twilight, I felt sorry for the sorrow of a long-lost emperor. I sang the songs that his prime minister sang when he was not unfamiliar on the mountain. This is a poem with a sense of time and concern for things. The author wrote about going upstairs to see the boundless spring scenery, and he couldn't help but feel sad when he thought of the once-in-a-lifetime and changeable situation. Then I think the imperial court is as unshakable as the Arctic constellation. Even if Tubo invades, it is difficult to change people's orthodoxy. Finally, it reveals the ambition of imitating Zhuge Liang to assist the court, which is full of the spirit of clarifying the world. Live lyric of the whole poem
● Serve the country and make contributions.
1. The desire to achieve. Such as Cao Cao's Although Master Roshi and Lu You's Angry Book.
2. The determination to defend the country is as follows: Wang Changling "joined the army"
3. Is there any way to serve the country, such as Xin Qiji's "Looking Back at the Gubei Pavilion in Jingkou" and "Ugly Slave"? Teenagers don't know the taste of sorrow.
4. The pain of mountains and rivers falling, such as "Xiuzi" by Lu You and "Crossing the Zero Ding Yang" by Wen Tianxiang.
5. Over time, the sigh of hard-earned ambition is like: Su Shi's Water Tune? Chibi nostalgia "
6. Exposing the belligerence of rulers: Du Fu's "Military Vehicle Shop"
7. Sadness with unclear ideals, such as Qu Yuan's Crossing the River.
Nostalgia and nostalgia
1. Hesitation and anxiety, such as Meng Haoran's "Sleeping in Jiande", when my boat was moored in the fog and dusk, ancient memories began. The vastness of the wilderness is deeper than trees, and the moon is very close to the moon. Wen's early journey to goodness
2. Miss your relatives and friends, such as Wang Wei's "I miss my Shandong brother on vacation in the mountains" and Su Shi's "Jiangchengzi"? Ten years of life and death "
3. Frontier homesickness, such as: Fan Zhongyan's "Fisherman's Pride?" Fill the landscape of Qiu Lai.
4. Like the people in your boudoir, such as Wang Changling's Forever in My Heart and Ouyang Xiu's Walking in the Sand? Waiting for Mei Can, Xiqiao Liuxi, and Li Bai's Yuefu
● Miscellaneous feelings of life
1. Feel the leisure of landscape and countryside, such as Autumn Night in the Deep Mountains by Wang Wei and Passing the Old People's Village by Meng Haoran.
2. The past triumphs over the present, such as Jiangkui's Yangzhou Slow and Liu Yuxi's Wuyi Lane.
3. Use the past to satirize the feelings of today, such as Xin Qiji's "Jingkou Gubeiting Nostalgia"
4. The sadness of youth is fleeting, such as Li Qingzhao's Dream? Last night, it rained and suddenly there was a strong wind.
5. The depression of career frustration, such as Bai Juyi's Pipa Trip and Su Shi's Water Tune? When did the moon begin to appear?
6. Comfort the joy of life, such as Du Fu's "Delighting in Rain on a Spring Night", the two sides of the Yellow River were recovered by the imperial army, and Xin Qiji's "Xijiang Moon"? Bright moon surprises magpie.
● Long Pavilion Farewell
1. Reluctant memories, such as Yulinling by Liu Yong, Song of the Acropolis by Wang Wei and Parting Nanjing Hotel by Li Bai.
2. Affectionate encouragement such as Wang Bo's "Send Du Shaofu to Ren Shuchuan"
3. Tell your heart.
For example, in Wang Changling's Farewell to Xin Qiji at Furong Inn, it is cold and rainy at night, and seeing off guests in Chushan. Friends, if my friends in Luoyang invite me; Just say I'm still Bing Xin Okho, and stick to my faith! Comment This is a farewell poem. The conception of the poem is novel, which describes the parting feelings of friends and rewrites its own integrity. The first two sentences, the boundless river rain and the solitary hanging Chushan, set off the loneliness when bidding farewell; The last two sentences compare themselves to curling to express their open mind and strong character. The whole poem is full of emotion, scene blending, meaningful meaning and endless charm.
Second, the evaluation of the ideological nature of the work should pay attention to the problem
1. Understanding the writer's life, thoughts and creative style is helpful to understand and grasp the content of his works. For example, Xin Qiji fought bloody battles in the forefront of the anti-gold struggle and died in the battlefield. After returning to the south, he was squeezed and hit by the capitulators. Therefore, most of his words are in full swing to recall the past fighting life, or to express the resentment of serving the country, and his style is bold and sad.
2. An era has its own characteristics, and an era has its own literature. A correct understanding of the style and characteristics of an era is also helpful to accurately grasp the literary works of this era. For example, in the Tang Dynasty, the national strength was strong, and most of the intellectuals who joined the army were in high spirits and heroic. Their poems, especially frontier poems, are full of indignation and determination to defend the country, although the environment outside the Great Wall is harsh and they have deep yearning for their relatives in their hometown, so their style is high and their emotions are stirring. The song dynasty was very different. The Great Song Dynasty, which was poor and weak and its national strength declined, has lost the flavor of the Tang Dynasty. In the writings of intellectuals, there is less heroism, more sadness, less grandeur and more worries about home and country.
3. Many ancient poems are preceded by a brief "preface". Some explain the creation time, some explain the creation reason, some explain the creation process, some explain the creation background, and some lay the emotional tone for the whole work. Understanding the ideological content of the work is also very important and cannot be ignored.
The thoughts and feelings of most works are not single, which may be mixed with many very complicated emotions, so we should pay special attention to them. Of course, readers can sometimes use their imagination on the basis of the original work and make a second creation. In addition, a writer's overall creative interest and style should be fixed, but it does not rule out the existence of special cases in individual works. Such as Li Qingzhao and Xin Qiji, all have their own creations outside the inherent style.
Third, test exercises.
There is "worry" in the following poem. Please analyze the specific content of "worry" in each poem.
1. Sauvignon Blanc (Bai Juyi)
Bianshui, Surabaya, flows to Guazhou ancient ferry, Wu Shan is a little sad. Think of dragons, hate dragons, hate to rest when returning, and the moon people lean on the building.
2. Bodhisattva Man (Xin Qiji)
How many pedestrians shed tears in the middle of Qingjiang River in Yugutai. Looking at Chang 'an in the northwest, there are countless poor mountains. Castle peak can't cover up, after all, it flows east. In the evening, the river is gloomy and there are partridges in the mountains.
3. I heard that Wang Changling left and moved to Longbiao Kiln to deliver this (Li Bai).
After the easy autumn, cuckoo clock, I heard you pass five streams. I entrust my sad thoughts to the moon, hoping to accompany you to the west of Yelang.
4. Wu Lingchun (Li Qingzhao)
The wind has stopped the dust, the fragrant flowers have blossomed, and I am tired of combing my hair at night. Things are people, not everything, and tears flow first. It is said that Shuangxi Spring is still good, and it is also planned to make canoes. I'm afraid the boat won't move. I'm worried.
5. Nanxiangzi (Wang Anshi)
Since ancient times, the empire has flourished. This is a dream for 400 years, which is worrying. Gold's clothes are ancient dust. Swim around the water, up to the top of the city and upstairs. Mo Wen, look back. Outside the threshold, the Yangtze River flows by itself.
6. Liang Zhu (Liu Yong)
Leaning against the dangerous building, the wind is fine, looking forward to spring sorrow, and the sky is dark. In the afterglow of the grass, no one will lean on the fence and be silent.
I plan to get drunk on the map of madness and sing songs for wine, which is strong and tasteless. I don't regret that my belt is getting wider and wider, which makes people haggard for Iraq.
7. Night parking on Jiande River (Meng Haoran)
Stop the boat in a foggy small state, when new worries come to the guest's heart. The vastness of the wilderness is deeper than trees, and the moon is very close to the moon.
8. Yu Meiren (Li Yu)
When is the spring flower and autumn moon, how much is known about the past. The small building was easterly again last night, and the old country could not bear to look back on the moon. The jade carving should still exist, but Zhu Yan changed it. How much sadness can you have? It's just a river flowing eastward.
9. Shu Yun (Li Bai), Xie Tiao Building, Xuanzhou, sent a farewell school book.
Since yesterday, I have to leave Bolt and me behind. It hurts my heart even more today. Autumn geese are escorted by Changfeng, and I treat them in this villa and drink my wine. The bones of great writers are all your brushes. In Tianyuan, I grew up beside you, Xiao Xie. We are all lofty distant thoughts, longing for the sky and the bright moon. But since the water is still flowing, although we cut it with the sword, the sadness is back, although we drown them with wine, because the world can't satisfy our desire, I will let go of my hair and get on a fishing boat tomorrow.
10. Snow piling (Du Fu)
Most of the people crying on the battlefield are the ghosts of the newly killed soldiers, only the old people who are sad to write poems. At dusk, suddenly snowflakes are dancing in the wind. If the bottle floats away, it will be red in the furnace. The news of the front-line battle and the news of his wife and sisters are unknown. Sadness sits in the air with his hands in the air.