Pavilion ② pine on the mountain, rustling ③ caressing in the valley.
How strong the wind is, the pine branches are!
First frost is miserable and always right at the end of the year.
Don't get cold, pine and cypress have sex!
To annotate ...
(1) from the Qin, Han, Wei, Jin, Southern and Northern Dynasties, Wei Shi Hua, Volume III. Liu Zhen (? -2 17), a poet at the end of Han Dynasty, one of the seven sons of Jian 'an, is famous for his five-character poems. There are three poems entitled "To a Brother", all of which are used figuratively. This is the second song. Taking pine and cypress as a metaphor, the author encourages his cousin to be faithful and self-controlled and not to change his nature because of external oppression. From (cóng) brother and cousin. The style of the whole poem is unpretentious.
2 Pavilion: majestic.
3 rustle: describe the wind.
(4) what: how much.
5 suffering from severe cold: suffering from severe cold. Suffer from ... cold, very cold.
translate
The pine trees on the towering mountains stand upright in the rustling wind blowing in the valley.
How strong the wind is and how strong the pine branches are!
Ice and frost are falling violently and rapidly, while pine and cypress stand upright for a long time all year round.
Aren't you afraid of cold? Pine and cypress have the nature of not being afraid of cold!
Guide reading
The whole poem takes pine and cypress as a metaphor, praising the ability of pine and cypress to stand upright in the wind and resist the cold without adjustment. The poet did not express his hope for his cousin, but the words of encouragement were self-evident. The style of the whole poem is unpretentious.
Brief introduction of the author
Serina Liu (186-2 17) was born in Dongping at the end of the Eastern Han Dynasty. A famous writer in the Eastern Han Dynasty.
Cao Pi, the Emperor of Wei Wendi, said in the Dian Lun Paper that Liu Zhen, Kong Rong, Chen Lin, RoyceWong, Xu Gan, Ruan Yu and Ying Si, stayed behind in their studies and speeches. Salt is thousands of miles away, so as to repay it. "Serina Liu often writes poems and sings songs about wine with Cao Cao and Cao Zhi, which is deeply loved by Cao Zhi's father and son. 19 years old, Serina Liu became prime minister. Good at poetry, five-character poetry is quite prosperous. Later generations called him and Cao Zhi "Cao Liu". M K Zhong called him "the crown of five words" and "the saint of articles", and he was indeed the best among the "Seven Scholars of Jian 'an".
Serina Liu's father, Liu Liang, was born in Manshan. He is a descendant of Wang Zongshi in the Han Dynasty, and he has written books such as The Theory of Breaking Groups. His mother is the great-grandson of Jing and Wang. She is good at playing the piano, playing chess, painting and calligraphy, writing poems and singing. Young and widowed, she pinned her hopes on her son and nephew. Under the advice, supervision and example of his mother, Serina Liu developed a studious, curious and indomitable character from an early age.
Serina Liu can read poetry at the age of five, and recite The Analects of Confucius and The Book of Songs at the age of eight, with tens of thousands of words. Because of his excellent memory and quick response to debates, he is called a prodigy. In 197, 1 1 year-old Liu Zhen fled to Xuchang with his mother and brother and met Cao Zijian at the post office. Cao Zhi was impressed by Serina Liu's erudition. In order to further deepen his close friendship, he took him to the Prime Minister's Office, where he wrote articles and poems day and night, and was like-minded and closely related. Later, he met five other students, including Kong Rong, who often talked about learning, "keeping pace with each other and adapting to each other". Serina Liu's literary attainments are high, especially his five-character poems, which have been collected into several episodes by later generations, and only 15 poems exist. Famous contemporary literary critics spoke highly of his poems in Poems of the Han, Wei and Six Dynasties, praising his unique freshness and firmness. Not only is it called beauty at present, but the situation is always new and can set an example for the future.
Most of his poems are about magnificent mountains and rivers, lyrical about scenery and rewarding feelings for a few. The poem "Thinking of Friends by Xu Gan" was evaluated by Zhong Rong as "five-word view of the world and strategy". There are three poems in A Gift for My Brother, and the second one is the best of the three. The poem is: "The pavilion is filled with pine trees, and the piano valley is full of strokes. The wind and clouds are surging, and the pine branches are vigorous." First frost is miserable and always right at the end of the year. Is it cold? Pines and cypresses are natural. "Zhong Rong's Preface to Poetry said:" Cao Gong and his son are kind and gentle; The Pingyuan brothers are both Wendong, and Serina Liu and RoyceWong are their wings. "Visible, Serina Liu's literary creation is a great contribution. His most famous poems include Lu Du Fu, Li Fu, Sui Fu, Guafu, Dashu Fu and Qing Si Fu. His prose style is unique, "actively propagating and proofreading the world, with more than a thousand poems" and "Wen Xin Diao Long Zhu". Instead of whitewashing the secular, he described the local customs and beautiful natural scenery of his hometown with fresh style, skillful skills and simple and accurate language, so as to make the past serve the present. Satire on current events and lyrical images have realized the transformation of the content of Han Fu from the court to the society and from the emperor to the common people. The length changed from a long macro article to a short summary, which created a precedent for the later literary development.
He is not only a "five-character" in the poetic world, but also an "article sage" in the literary garden. His wit and eloquence are also praised in the contemporary world. In the second year of Huang Chu (222), Cao Wen gave Liu Zhen a generous Luo belt. Later, he wanted to get it back, so he gave him a book and a piece of paper. He sarcastically said: "things are expensive because of people, so they are in the hands of the lowly, so they are not respected by the royal family." Although it was taken today, don't think you don't object. "("the reflection of two Liu Chuan "). Serina Liu understood that Wendi was laughing at his low status. He didn't wear a silhouette belt symbolizing dignity and wanted to take back the original gift. However, Serina Liu didn't bend over and insisted on not paying. At a meeting in the same hall, he brought up the old story again: Zhen "I heard that King Jingshan is a treasure after Cloth; After the Sui Dynasty, there were thousands of beads and candles, and Nanyin Gold was the first. The tail of the phoenix raccoon is decorated with the support of the minister. Those who returned to the treasure were drowned in the mud under the rotten stone, but after thousands of years of glory, they failed to connect with the supreme. The husband is served by the honorable person, and the humble person is also repaired; The expensive is the royal family, and the cheap is the first. Therefore, when the summer house is first formed, the owner will go down first, and the autumn will be ripe, and the farmer will taste the grain first. Hate the shelf without other wonderful ornaments, bitter and thin, acceptable. And those who have not listened to the supreme gift and turned against it. "(The History of the Three Kingdoms) When Emperor Wen listened to Liu Zhenmiao's theory, he not only lamented his erudition, but also admired his eloquence, neither supercilious nor supercilious, derogatory in courtesy, and eloquent in praise, thus giving up the idea of taking the belt. There are many examples of Liu Zhen's eloquence. His eloquence is like a sharp weapon that can always win. Sometimes he saves the day, sometimes he succeeds in adversity, and sometimes he shines in the dark. On one occasion, Liu Zhen was punished as a coolie for "disrespect" and grinded stones in Luojing West Stone Factory. Wang Cao visited the stone factory, and all the officials and coolies climbed on the ground, afraid to look up. Only Serina Liu didn't kneel down and worked as usual. Cao Cao was furious and went to Serina Liu. Serina Liu put down the hammer and said, "Wei" Wang Xiongcai is well known all over the world. As a coolie, Liu Zhen dared to despise the king. However, during Wei's years, I often heard Wang Wei's teachings. When I do something, I will try my best. If I succeed, I will be proud of myself. If I fail, I will be humiliated. Now I am a coolie, specializing in stones. Studying stones is my loyalty to Wang Wei, so I dare not quit my job. "Wang Wei asked," What about the stone? " Liu Zhenlang replied: "Stone" comes from the top of Jingshan Cliff, with five-color seals on the outside and the treasure of Bian Shi in it. Grind without adding jade, engrave without adding text, and you will accept and take care of its reasons in a down-to-earth manner, and you will not apply for it in vain. "Knowing that Serina Liu had borrowed a stone from himself, Cao Cao pardoned him, but he never used it again.
Serina Liu was educated by Confucian "benevolence, righteousness, propriety, wisdom and faith" since he was a child, and he knew that being upright and upright was an abomination to bad things and people without faith. One night, Wei's son Cao Pi gave a banquet to entertain all the people. He was as drunk as a fiddler. Xelloss ordered Zhen Shiyin to come out to see you. Liu Zhen angrily, because xelloss married Zhen Shi, the wife of Yuan, and because Zhen Shi married and remarried unfaithfully. Only Serina Liu didn't stand on his knees, and his face was full of disdain and disdain. When xelloss saw this, he flew into a rage and asked Serina Liu to die. Thanks to everyone's intercession and Cao Cao's intervention, he was saved from death, thrown into prison and punished as a coolie. He used metaphor in his works and wrote Fu of Sui Dynasty. After the pardon, I became official. He died in the 22nd year of Jian 'an (2 17). He wrote a lot in his life, including ten volumes of Mao Shi Yi Ci and four volumes of Collected Works. Later generations selected his works into Liu Gonggan's collection and passed them on to later generations. His great achievements in literature, eloquent skills and loyal and dedicated spirit have won the praise of future generations.
Make an appreciative comment
This is a poem about objects. The poet closely follows the characteristics of pines and cypresses, which are cold but not sad and strong, and writes about the awe-inspiring righteousness of pines and cypresses, and successfully expresses his praise and pursuit of high morality and integrity by chanting pines and cypresses. The whole poem is vigorous in style, solid in language and simple and vigorous in spirit. Like the poem "How strong the wind is, how strong the pine branches are", the repetition of sentence patterns highlights the confrontation between the wind and Jinsong, with a tight and powerful tone and poetic shock, which shows the characteristics of this poem. The whole poem is clear and natural. Especially in the last two sentences, asking questions with function words leads to the whole theme, which can be said to be well-prepared and painstaking.
The poet hopes that his cousin can be as faithful and self-sustaining as a pine and cypress, and will not change his nature because of the oppression of external forces, which also means encouraging himself. Instead of singing things and writing about pine trees in isolation, the poet described pine trees and cypresses in harsh environments, highlighting their struggle against wind and hail as opposites. It can be said that the typical characters are portrayed through the typical environment, so that the image of pine and cypress stands proudly on the top of the mountain as a winner, showing a lofty and tragic beauty that inspires people to forge ahead and has high morale. People are the product of the environment, and they will also be frustrated and tested by various environmental factors. The poet told us that we should always maintain a strong and self-reliant personality like pine and cypress, so as to be worthy of being an indomitable spirit.
Feature query
This is a poem about objects.
Research on famous sentences
1, the wind is blowing and the pine branches are getting stronger.
-These two sentences inherited Confucius' thought that "the pine and cypress are known only after the cold" and encouraged my younger brother to learn from the pine and cypress. The more miserable the wind is, the more it must stand in the wind. Explain that people should have good qualities of perseverance.
2, not cold, pine and cypress are sexual.
-The use of "pine and cypress are sexual" here is actually a kind of "virtue". The so-called "virtue" is to compare people's moral realm with natural things, thus further arousing people's self-improvement of personality realm. Ancient China literati liked to use pine, bamboo, plum and chrysanthemum as metaphors of personality. Here, Serina Liu used pine and cypress as a metaphor to encourage his cousin to be faithful and self-controlled, and not to change his nature because of external oppression, and called on people to have a firm pursuit of personality in troubled times.