Modern design is a design activity that runs through the whole design process with modernism concept. It is a design activity with strong application based on the planned content of modern society and life and restricted by modern marketing, general psychology and ergonomics.
The contents include:
1, modern architectural design
2. Modern product design
3. Modern graphic design
4. Advertising design
5. Fashion design
6. Textile design
7. Photography, film and television production, commercial illustration and other special technical departments that serve graphic design and advertising design.
Modern design not only provides good man-machine relationship, comfortable, safe and beautiful working and living environment for human beings, but also provides convenient tools for human beings. At the same time, it is also an important activity to promote the convenient and natural communication of human beings in modern society.
Modern design is an inaccurate title. It is not so much the concept of design style as the concept of time. It should be said that it is the floorboard of modern architecture, modern industrial products and modern graphic design.
History of industrial design (there is no history of modern industrial design, because industrial design itself is a new thing after the industrial revolution and itself is modern)
Most design history is based on architecture and some furniture.
The definition of modernism:
Definition of time: the movement from the early 20th century to a long time after the Second World War.
Ideology: revolutionary, democratic, personal, subjective and formalistic, all of which are typical and distinctive.
Modernism is a revolution against traditional ideology, involving almost all ideological categories, from philosophy, psychology, aesthetics, art, literature, music, dance, poetry and so on.
The ideological basis of modernist design
Formed in the 20th century, its composition is very complicated, including pragmatism, rationalism and utopianism. Its important figures are le corbusier, Walter Gropes, Mies Van der Rohe, frank wright and Alva Artu. It laid the foundation of modern design thought and influenced the development of design all over the world.
Modern design is usually called functionalism design, technical beauty or machine art.
"Modern design" and "contemporary design" have completely different meanings in the field of design. "Contemporary design" refers to current and recent designs. In art history, sociology and industrial design, "modernity" is a special term, which is aimed at "postmodernism". What is "modern"? This should be divided into three categories: science, art and industrial design. In science, technology and economy, modernization refers to two historical periods after industrialization. The first modernization period refers to the high-speed economic development represented by assembly lines in western countries during the two world wars, especially in the1920s, which formed a prosperous era of science and art centered on Berlin. The second modernization era refers to the western economic prosperity and American-style consumption era from the late11950 s to the late11960 s. These two periods are called the modern era and the machine era. In these hundreds of years, Chinese and western countries have always believed in science and technology and pursued material and modernity. Its development process is often in the cycle of prosperity, crisis, exhaustion and innovation.
In the field of culture and art, the meaning of "modernity" is often influenced by the above, because art always reflects the spirit of the times. But strictly speaking, it has another meaning. Broadly speaking, some people think that the whole development era of western civilization after the Renaissance is called "modernity", because after the Renaissance, the value pursuit of the art world is different from before, and people-oriented has always been pursued. In a narrow sense, "modern" art is closely related to industrial modernization. Since the 20th century, modern art has jumped out of the main emerging movement trends imitating classicism, such as cubism, futurism, expressionism, surrealism, functionalism, non-scheduling, impressionism, continuity and stream of consciousness. Each school has its representatives. /kloc-after the 1970s, "postmodernism" appeared in the art world, which is essentially a revision of the pursuit of "modernity" by science and technology.
What is "modern design" in the field of architecture and industrial design? This is analyzed and discussed in four books. Rhett, a famous British art critic and historian, wrote Art and Industry in 1934, Pioneer of Modern Sports in 1936, Functionalism Design of Marcus in 1990, and The Ideological Basis of Li Leshan's Industrial Design in 2000. Modern design is usually called functionalism design, technical beauty or machine art. Rhett and pevsner regard functionalism as the main line of design thought in the 20th century, "the genius of this century" and "orthodox style". Since the era of industrialization, the main representatives of functionalism design are: 185 10 paxton's Crystal Palace in London for the World Industrial Fair, 19 10 the art and handicraft movement represented by Morris, a famous British industrial design pioneer. According to this view, functionalism also includes 1950-60 years of furniture innovation and modern design of architecture imitated by Bauhaus in the United States, 1950 years of design ideas of Ulm Design Institute in Germany and Scandinavian countries. Marcus believes that modern design first changed the classical aesthetics of buildings and objects at the end of 19. It pursues simple appearance, honesty and directness, the form meets the purpose, no extra decoration, standardized manufacturing, reasonable price and expression of structural and material characteristics. These buildings all use white walls, flat roofs, large strip windows and aggressive use of glass. After 1950s, it developed into a high-rise building with glass curtain wall. The superficiality of this evaluation lies in that functionalism is only regarded as one of various "art schools", and it is considered that functionalism has broken through the classical aesthetics imitating ancient styles in architecture, interior and furniture design, reduced or eliminated extra decoration and emphasized usability.
The main idea of functionalism is to take function as the core, not form. The concrete design idea of German functionalism is that we should first discover the essence, purpose and use (need) of things and give full play to their functions. Form should reflect this essence and purpose, and we can't gild the lily and digress. Later, someone used the phrase "shape follows function" by American architect Sullivan (1856- 1924) to summarize the functional design thought. In the article "High-rise Building under Consideration", Su wrote: "All organisms and non-organisms, all tangible and metaphysical things, all human and superhuman things, all true expressions of mind and spirit (as long as their lives can be identified in this expression) have a universal law, that is, shapes always follow functions." For example, he said, "The modeling of bank buildings should reflect the essence or function of banks, not the function of traditional temples."
Since the 1960s, the rapid development of science and technology and the application and popularization of computer technology have brought new changes to the design work including mechanical and electrical product design. With the development of science and technology, the emergence of new technologies and materials, the penetration and organic combination of new technologies such as microelectronics, information processing technology and control technology, the deepening of basic theories related to design and the emergence of design methods have opened up new ways for product design, making product design reach the level of modern design. During this period, a series of new design theories and methods appeared in the field of redesign around the world. In order to emphasize their innovation in the field of design and distinguish them from traditional design theories and methods, these emerging theories and methods are collectively called modern design.