Li Sao is the masterpiece of Qu Yuan, a famous poet in the Warring States Period, and the longest romantic political lyric poem in the history of ancient Chinese poetry. The poet described his life experience, moral character and ideal, expressed the anguish and contradiction that he was slandered to death, rebuked the fatuity of the king of Chu, the madness of the villain group and the ineffective governance of Japan, and showed the poet's fighting spirit of adhering to the ideal of "beautiful politics", attacking the dark reality, not colluding with evil forces and his patriotic enthusiasm to death.
The title of Chu ci. Including nine works. According to Wang Yi's Songs of the South, the order is: chanting, shejiang, mourning, thinking, thinking, past events, praising oranges, and sadness returning to emptiness. The author of these nine articles, Wang Yi, is named Qu Yuan. In Song Dynasty, Hong Xingzu suspected that four works, such as Journey to the West, Nostalgia for the Past, Ode to Oranges and Return to the Empty, were not written by Qu Yuan (Supplementary Notes on Songs of the South). In the Ming Dynasty, Xu also wrote two articles, Nostalgia and Regret for the Past, which were not the voice of Qu Yuan, but were written by Yi Shi, Jing Cha and others (to distinguish the poetic style). In Qing Dynasty, Gu Chengtian believed that Xi Yong and Xi Jiu Tian were written by Hejian people and people (reading Sao Bie). Moreover, neighbors also said that Ai was written for Zhuang Xin (Qian Mu's Pre-Qin philosophers). But all these questions are mostly based on literary style, and there is no conclusive evidence.
Jiuge is the title of Chu Ci. Originally, it was the name of a legendary ancient song. During the Warring States period, Qu Yuan, a Chu people, adapted or processed it according to folk songs and used it to worship the gods. * * * Eleven articles: Emperor Taiyi, Prince in the Cloud, Lady Xiang, Little Siming, Hebo, National Mourning, Ritual Soul. A "National Mourning" is to mourn and praise the soldiers who died for Chu; Most of the chapters describe the attachment between immortals, showing the deep sadness of missing or wanting nothing.
The title of Chu ci. Work. Regarding the meaning of "asking for heaven", Wang Yi said, "Why not say" asking for heaven "? Heaven can't ask, so it's called' Heaven asks'. " This is an explanation. Another explanation is that since Xia Yin, heaven has been regarded as the master of all things and the master of all kinds of people. All lofty and unpredictable things can be collectively referred to as "heavenly questions", so questions about everything can also be collectively referred to as "heavenly questions". Regarding the background and reasons of Tian Wen's writing, Wang Yi's Chapters of Chu Ci said that after Qu Yuan was demoted, he was worried about mountains and rivers. He walked into the temple of the former king of Chu and the ancestral hall of officials and ministers, and saw stories of heaven and earth, mountains and rivers, gods, ancient sages, monsters and ghosts painted on the walls, so he wrote this article on the spot to vent his anger and relieve his worries. This statement is not necessarily reliable. As for the writing time of Tian Wen, it may not be after Qu Yuan was exiled during the reign of King Xiang of Chu, as Wang Yi said, but also when he was pregnant with King Chu.