The rulers of the Qing Dynasty stipulated that only the emperor, empress dowager and empress could wear the Pearl of the Oriental Pearl, which symbolized supreme power and status. Others wear or own the Pearl of the East Pearl, which is the reason why the Pearl of the East Pearl is rare and precious.
In addition to pearls made of Dongzhu, there are other gems used for pearls worn by emperors. According to different occasions, the emperor wears different colors of clothes and beads. In the Qing Dynasty, emperors were required to wear blue robes and lapis lazuli beads when offering sacrifices to the Temple of Heaven.
When offering sacrifices to Fang Ze (Ditan), wear bright yellow robes and amber or beeswax beads. Wear red robes and red coral beads when holding the Asahi ceremony at the altar. Wear a white robe and turquoise beads when you hold a evening ceremony at the Yuetan. These four colors represent the sky, earth, sun and moon.
In the Qing dynasty, there were strict rules on the way to wear beads. When you wear it, the "shadow cloud" should be hung behind your back and close to your vest. The length of the shadow cloud is about 65 to 70 cm, which is equivalent to the length of the braid worn by men in the Qing Dynasty. "Buddha's head" is at the back of the neck, and the beads on the chest are symmetrical with three knots. "Commemoration" is hung on the chest with the beads.
For married women, if they wear auspicious clothes to attend the ancient ceremony of praying for grain and raising silkworms, they only need to wear a plate of beads; In case of major court meetings, such as offering sacrifices to the late emperor and accepting knighthood, you must wear royal clothes and three plates of beads, one of which is worn on the front side between your neck and the other two plates are hung on your chest obliquely from your left and right shoulders. Men only wear a plate of beads on any occasion.
In addition to the gift of the emperor, the beads worn by officials are generally provided by themselves. If you can't afford it, you can only use second-hand goods or substitutes. At that time, some people really couldn't afford to buy Zhu Chao, so they had to buy a porcelain bead to make up for it.
Extended data:
It is said that Zhu Chao symbolizes the four seasons, and Zhu Chao's materials are different. Because the Qing emperors believed in Tibetan Buddhism, all emperors, queens, civil servants and military attaché s with more than five products, as well as guards and Beijing officials, could wear beads as gifts for the emperors.
There are many kinds of materials in Zhu Chao, including Pearl, Emerald, Agate, Ruby, Crystal, White Emerald, Lapis lazuli, Coral, Turquoise, Amber, Beeswax, Bodhi, Tourmaline, Canaan, Dalbergia, Fossil and Diamond. The dignitaries of the Qing Dynasty wore beads of different materials according to their status. Of all the materials, Zhu Chao made of oriental pearls is the most precious.
There are three beads on both sides of the bead: one on one side and two on the other, which is called "commemoration"; There are differences between men and women in Dafa. Two strings on the left, one string on the right, two strings on the right and one string on the left. In addition, there is a string of beads hanging on the back, which is called the shadow cloud.
Zhu Chao is made of 108 beads and hung around his neck and chest. Zhu Chao's materials are Oriental Pearl, Emerald, Agate, Kyanite and Coral. Each plate has four big beads, the one hanging on the chest is called "Buddha's head", and there is a drooping "shadow cloud" on the back. There are three strings of beads on each side, 65,438+00 on the left and 1 on the right, named "Ji Nian".
According to the provisions of the Qing Dynasty's "Hui Dian", from emperors and queens to civil servants with five grades and military officers with more than four grades, beads can be hung. Although beads are decorations, ordinary officials and ordinary people can't wear them at will. There are also strict rules for distinguishing and grading what kind of beads to wear. From the quality of the beads worn on the official's chest, we can see the rank of the official.
Baidu Encyclopedia-Zhu Chao