"The Book of Songs·Xiaoya·Tangdi"
The beauty of Tangdi is like wěi. There is nothing better than brothers today.
The power of death and mourning, brother Kong Huai. Yuan Xi (xí) and Pei (póu) are here, brothers and sisters are asking for help.
The order of the spine is still there, and the brothers are in urgent need. Every time I have a good friend, I always ask for help.
The brothers are on the wall and guard their affairs outside. Whenever there are good friends, there will be no enemies.
The chaos and chaos are calmed down, and peace and tranquility are achieved. Although we have brothers, it is better to have friends.
Biān (biān) bean, the drink of wine. Now that the brothers are here, they are happy and happy.
My wife is a harmonious couple, like a drum, a harp, and a harp. The brothers are both peaceful and harmonious.
Yi'er's family, Le'er's wife and money (nú). It’s a picture after all, it’s just the way it is.
Brief explanation
1. Tangdi: also known as Changdi, Tangdi, namely Yuli, a deciduous shrub of the Rosaceae family, with pink or white flowers.
2. E: grand appearance. No: particle. Wei (wěi) Wei: bright and beautiful appearance. 3. Kong Huai: Missing and caring the most.
4. Yuanxi (xí): wilderness. Pei (póu): gather.
5. Chiling: commonly known as "wagtail", a kind of water bird.
6. 阋 (xì): quarrel. 7. Wu: Tong "insult".
8. Hao: For a long time. Rong: Help.
9. Best Man: Display. 笾(biān), beans: utensils used to hold food during sacrifices or feasting. The futon is made of bamboo and the bean is made of wood. 10.饫：satisfied. 11. Xi (xì): aggregation.
12. Zhan: profound. 13.帑(nú): means "孥", children. 14.亶(dǎn): faith, certainty. Ran: So.
1.
Recently, I watched the 75th episode of "The Legend of Mi Yue". The powerful Mi Yue has a child and plans to change her surname to Ying after the child is born. Mi Yue's son Ying Ji disagree.
Uncle Mi Rong said something to him: "Of course you know that your mother and I also have brothers and sisters from the same father, but none of these people are trustworthy. She is among these people. The only thing gained in the process was to kill each other. Your mother suffered a lot in her life. The only strength that supported her was our two brothers at the beginning, and later on, she always had you. It is said that in the early days of the ancient times, people only knew that they had a mother and not a father, so there was no such thing as sibling fratricide. But when they found out there was a father, sibling would fratricide. It’s just for profit. The reason why she insists on having a child is to leave you a close relative. I wonder if your Majesty understands this?”
Now we are very familiar with the saying: “Fighting relatives. "Brothers, father and son go into battle" has the same historical and cultural origin, that is, the tribal families of ancient ancestors were based on blood relations. Therefore, they value brotherhood more than good friends, wives and children.
Of course, this kind of deep brotherhood usually refers to brothers and sisters with the same father or mother, or half-father. This is why in "The Biography of Mi Yue", Mi Yue insists on giving birth to a biological child for her son. The reason for brothers is that "brothers and compatriots are like brothers."
While watching the play, I heard this conversation and had a lot of feelings. First, I was moved by my mother’s good intentions, and second, I remembered the story about "The Book of Songs, Xiaoya, and Tangdi". Zhou Gongdong Conquest:
King Wu of Zhou, Ji Fa, established the Western Zhou Dynasty after annihilating the main force of the Shang army in the Battle of Muye in about 1046 BC. In order to rule the remnants of the Shang Dynasty, King Wu of Zhou directly controlled the Shang Dynasty. The territory was divided into four districts, which were in charge of respectively by King Zhou's son Wu Geng, King Wu's own brothers Guan Shu Ji Xian, Cai Shu Ji Du, and Huo Shu Ji Chu. The three brothers worked together to monitor Wu Geng, collectively known as the "Three "Prison". Wu Geng ostensibly surrendered to Zhou, but in fact he was always trying to restore power.
Three years after Zhou destroyed Shang, around 1043 BC, King Wu of Zhou died of illness, and his son Ji Song came to the throne as King Cheng of Zhou. When King Cheng was young, he was regent by Zhou Gong Ji Dan, who took charge of state affairs on behalf of King Cheng. Uncle Guan was extremely dissatisfied with Duke Zhou's regency because he attempted to inherit the throne, so he spread rumors and incited Uncle Cai, Uncle Huo, Wu Geng and the eastern princes, saying that Duke Zhou wanted to murder King Wu and steal the throne.
Seeing an opportunity, Wu Geng colluded with Guan and Cai. In the first year of King Cheng of Zhou Dynasty, about the autumn of 1042 BC, Wu Geng united with his old relatives to raise troops to rebel against Zhou Dynasty. The rebel forces spread throughout today's Henan, Hebei, Shandong, Anhui, etc. Faced with hostile forces from both internal and external aspects, Zhou Gongdan weighed many factors and decided to launch an eastern expedition.
In order to organize the Eastern Expedition Army's counter-rebellion campaign, Duke Zhou first earnestly explained to Taigong Wang (Jiang Ziya) and Zhao Gong (brother of King Wu of Zhou) that he was regent for the sake of the royal family and had no different intentions. Jiang Ziya and Duke Zhao did not listen to the rumors, and the Zhou Dynasty strengthened its internal unity.
Later, Duke Zhou asked Duke Zhao to stay in Haojing (now northwest of Xi'an, Shaanxi Province) to handle the rear government affairs; he granted the Marquis of Qi Jiang Ziya the power to conquer the rebels; he also announced to the world, contacted and mobilized the princes from all over the country, and established the throne in Zhou Dynasty. In the first year of Wang's reign, he personally led his troops to the east to quell the rebels.
In the war, he defeated Wu Geng's troops, captured the lands governed by Uncle Guan and Uncle Cai, killed Wu Geng, executed Uncle Guan, exiled Uncle Cai, and demoted Uncle Huo to a commoner. The Duke of Zhou's Eastern Expedition lasted three years. Victory over.
After reading the story, you can read the poem "Bin Feng·Broken Ax" again:
This is a poem by Guan, Cai and other people from the four kingdoms praising the great Duke of Zhou who led his troops to pacify Poems about the Four Kingdoms Rebellion. "Preface to Mao's Poems" says: ""Broken Axe" is also a way of beautifying the Duke of Zhou. The doctor of Zhou is evil to the Four Kingdoms." "Zheng Jian" says: "Those who are evil to the Four Kingdoms are also evil to their rumors to destroy the Duke of Zhou."
Judging from the compilation of "The Book of Songs", "Dongshan" and "Broken Ax" are two adjacent chapters. Can we infer that the author of "Dongshan" is the Duke of Zhou? I think Confucius's original intention was also So be it.
From this, the "Preface to Poetry" seems to think that "Tangdi" was written by Zhou Gong during the reign of King Cheng of Zhou Dynasty, saying: ""Tangdi" is also the brother of Yan. Min Guan and Cai lost their ways, so "Tang Di"
During the Western Zhou Dynasty, fratricide and fratricide occurred more frequently within the ruling class. Based on this, the author of "Zuo Shi Chun Qiu" believes that this poem was written by Zhao Mu Gong during the reign of King Li. "Zuo Zhuan·Xi Gong Twenty-Fourth Year" says: "Zhao Mu Gong thought about the difference in Zhou's virtues, so he united the clans in Cheng Zhou and wrote a poem: : 'Tang Di's Flowers...' and so on."
In fact, it is difficult to say whether the author of "Tang Di" is Zhou Gong or Zhao Mu Gong; but one thing is certain, the poet's sigh is indeed felt. It is issued, and it has the meaning of warning and admonishment.
When Qian Zhongshu discussed "Tang Di", he pointed out: "This is the legacy of the early people's emphasis on the 'blood clan'. As far as blood and Yin are concerned, brothers have a natural relationship, and a couple has a human relationship; therefore, friends It is better to be close by flesh and blood than to be punished by the family... Looking at "Xiaoya Tangdi", it is easier to identify "brother" before "wife"" ("Guan Zhui Pian"). From the perspective of cultural anthropology, this more profoundly reveals the historical and cultural roots of the theme of "Tangdi".
Most of the solutions to "Tangdi" are poems about feasting on brothers, praising brotherly harmony and deep love between brothers. In the poem, Tang Di is used as a metaphor for brothers, which has become a common allusion. This poem had a great influence. Later generations wrote "Calyx, Tangdi, Jiling" and "Kong Huaibi's Brotherhood", all taking their meaning from this poem.
2.
"Tangdi" begins with "Tangdi's flower": "Tangdi's flower, Ebu Weiwei". There is a comparison in Xingzhong, "hua" is the same as "flower", the poet uses Tangdi flowers as a metaphor for brothers, because when Tangdi flowers bloom, every two or three flowers are dependent on each other, creating associations.
Here, "Tangdi" and "棣棠" are often used unclearly. According to botanical information, "Tangdi" and "棣棣" are two completely different species. plant.
Presumably the author of "Tangdi" should know which plant he started the story with. At that time, man had a close relationship with nature, and every plant and tree could be used for poetry, medicine, or food. So today, in the spirit of exploration, let’s distinguish the similarities and differences between “Tangdi” and “棣棠”.
It can be seen that "Tangdi" and "棣棠" are not related in any way. It's just that the two words have exchanged the order, which is two completely different tweeds.
The ancestors felt that "Tangdi" was blooming, with two or three flowers clustered together, side by side and blooming, as a metaphor for brotherly love, so they sang a beautiful song:
" The beauty of Tangdi is like a brother. The brothers are happy and happy, and the brothers play the harp. , happy and beautiful. The family is happy, the wife and the money are happy. Is this the case? "
Translated into vernacular: "Chang Dihua" The flowers are blooming and bright. No one in this world can be closer than brothers... The table is filled with delicious food, and the feast is full of joy. Brothers are reunited today, and their wives and children love each other. The piano and the harp are played together. The brothers meet together peacefully and happily. The whole family lives together in peace and harmony. Please think carefully about whether this statement is reasonable. ”
These lines describe a family feast. While drinking, brothers gather together, wives get along well, and it is a joyful scene of family harmony. But the middle lines of the poem are filled with deep sighs:
"The power of death and mourning, brother Kong Huai. The original Xi (xí) Pei (póu), brother begging for it.
The ridge orders are in the original position, and the brothers are in trouble. Every time they have good friends, they are also embarrassed.
p>When chaos and chaos are over, peace and tranquility are achieved. Even if you have brothers, it is better to live with friends."
The translation of the vernacular is:
"When faced with the threat of death, brothers are the most concerned. Lost in the wilderness, brothers will find each other.
The wagtails are trapped in the wilderness, and brothers come to rescue them. Although they have good friends, they only sigh in comfort.
Brothers in the wall. Fight together and fight against foreign aggression. If you have a good friend, who will help you in times of trouble? When chaos and disaster subside, it is better for brothers to stay together."
These few sentences are a reflection of "There is no better person than a brother today."
"The purpose of the poem has been elaborated in detail: when death occurs, brothers embrace each other; when in danger, brothers rescue each other; when facing foreign aggression, brothers help each other.
In contrast, where are "good friends"? " Every time I have a good friend, I will beg for help and sigh, and there will be no military. "It means that although there are good friends, comfort is just a sigh, and who will help when in trouble.
In the same situation, the sharp contrast between "brothers" and "good friends" shows the depth of brotherly love. . Especially this sentence, "Brothers are fighting against the wall, and they are guarding their affairs outside", which shows that brotherhood is natural and comes from nature, and has become an allusion and idiom in the "Thousand Character Classic" written by Liang Zhou Xingsi in the Southern Dynasties. "There is a sentence: "Brothers Kong Huai are like brothers. "
Ordinarily, deep brotherhood and brothers being together should be "happy and peaceful". The reality is just the opposite. The poet said this: "When chaos and chaos are calmed down, peace and tranquility are achieved." Although we have brothers, it is better to have friends. " In the peaceful days, there are no brothers to gather together. "Although we have brothers, it is not as good as friends. "It's a sad sigh.
If "Tang Di" is really written by Zhou Gong, his mood must be extremely contradictory, and he misses his three brothers: Uncle Guan, Uncle Cai and Uncle Huo, although they There were three rebellions, but it was also during Zhou Gong's eastern expedition that he killed Guan Shu, exiled Cai Shu, and demoted Huo Shu to a commoner. This is a fact that now "the chaos has been calmed down, and there is peace and tranquility." " At this time, the brothers could not get together happily. Duke Zhou couldn't help but have mixed feelings. He could only sing songs to express his feelings.
3.
Brotherly love and brotherly love are universal among human beings. Emotion is also an eternal theme in literature. "Tang Di" is the first poem to sing about "brotherly love" in the history of poetry. Among them, "Tang Di's Flowers", "Nothing Like Brothers", and "Brothers fight against each other and guard their affairs outside" serve as archetypal meanings. The images, motifs and allusions had a profound impact on the creation of "brothers' poetry" in later generations.
Historical records indicate that Emperor Ming of the Tang Dynasty, Li Longji, stayed in the palace to express his love for his brothers. He built a building of flowers and calyxes to celebrate each other. When he climbed up to the building, he could see the houses of his brothers. He also wrote a poem "Ode to the Ridge Ode", which was the only calligraphy handed down by Emperor Xuanzong of the Tang Dynasty. He chanted it all the time to show that he did not Although forgetting the meaning of brothers is inevitably a show, it is rare compared to the emperor who often kills his brothers.
In the middle school textbook, there is a masterpiece of Guo Moruo's play "The Flower of Tangdi", which also takes this meaning. In "Tang Di", it tells the story of Nie Zheng's assassination of Han Xiang Xia Lei. It tells the story of Nie Zheng who sacrificed his life and his sister who was righteous for the country. The script opens with the story of Nie Zheng's sister Nie Chang (yīng) who sent him to the war. There is no difference between brotherly love and brotherly love, which exactly corresponds to the meaning of Tangdi's flower in "The Book of Songs"
4.
When reading "Tangdi", I remembered it. "Ditang" is sung in a Japanese song "Spring in the Northland":
"The Ditang bushes are facing the mist, the waterwheel house is quiet, and bursts of children's songs are heard. Spring in the Northland Spring in the Northland has arrived. My brother is exactly like my old father, a pair of taciturn people. Do they ever have time to drink wine and occasionally drink a few drinks at each other? My hometown, my hometown, my hometown, when will I be able to return to your arms. "
"My brothers are just like my old father, a pair of taciturn people." With this sentence, even if there are no brothers and sisters, imagining this picture will make your heart move.
But strictly speaking , the golden "Tangtang" in the song is a double-petaled or single-petaled "Tangtang", not the pink or white "Tangtang flower" in "The Book of Songs". Please don't distinguish it foolishly in the future. I'm not sure.
I remember watching a concert on TV. Qi Yu and Qi Qin held hands and sang a song called "Brotherhood". After listening to too many sweet love songs, I accidentally heard this song. The song feels particularly refreshing:
“Although I can’t see you every day, you are always in front of me.
Although we are thousands of miles apart, you still remember me in your heart.
I remember the day we parted, you told me over and over again.
Although we rarely see each other nowadays, the love of brotherhood will never change.
There are thousands of flowers in the world, and there are stars in the universe.
Things in the world are ever-changing, but our laughter is as sweet as when we were little. ”
Watching them holding hands and singing on the stage, it was the most beautiful scene in the world, and I was moved in my heart, because I also have a younger brother far away, and blood is always thicker than water. Changing emotions.
After the Waking of Insects, the Tangdi flowers will bloom, and they will bloom and depend on each other.