Emperor Taizong received Lu Dongzan. Lu Dongzan conveyed their young king's wish to get along well with the Tang Dynasty. He said it beautifully. Satisfied, Taizong chose a beautiful and gentle daughter from the royal family, named Princess Wencheng, and betrothed her to Songzan Gambu.
It is said that the messenger Lu Dongzan is an extremely clever man. Later, among the people on the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau, there was a touching story of "five difficult suitors":
When Lu Dongzan was looking for relatives in Chang 'an, there were many envoys from various countries. Emperor Taizong ordered that the messengers who came to ask for relatives should solve five difficult problems first. Angels from any country can answer, so he promised to kiss that country.
The first topic is to let a very thin silk thread pass through a pearl with a tortuous channel. Lu Dongzan tied a silk thread around the waist of an ant. The ant took the silk thread and climbed through the zigzag channel of the pearl, and the silk thread was brought over.
The second topic is to put one hundred mares and one hundred foals together, and to identify which mare gave birth to which foal. Lu Dongzan kept the mare and the foal separately for one day, and cut off the foal's feed and water. The next day, put them together again. The hungry foals ran to their mother to nurse. Their mother-child relationship is recognized.
Lu Dongzan passed all the exams, and the last one was to find out who Princess Wencheng was from 2500 beautiful young women. With a keen eye, Lu Dongzan recognized the generous princess at a glance.
These legends are unlikely to be true, but they reflect the Tibetan people's desire for friendship with the Tang Dynasty and their praise for the messengers who accomplished this mission.
In 64 1 year, Princess Wencheng, aged 24, set out for Tubo under the escort of King Li Daozong of Jiangxia. Princess Wencheng's marriage team is very large, and Emperor Taizong's dowry is very rich. There are treasures, jade bookcases, 360 volumes of ancient books, all kinds of jade ornaments, many grains, silkworm eggs, fruits and vegetables that Tubo does not have, as well as many cooked foods, various drinks, brocade quilts with various patterns and 300 kinds of divination classics, which are used to distinguish good from evil, create 60 kinds of technical works and treat 404 diseases. In addition, he brought all kinds of craftsmen and a court band. At that time, Buddhism prevailed in the Tang Dynasty, and Princess Wencheng was a devout Buddhist believer, so she also brought a "timely Buddha".
The news of Princess Wencheng's marriage spread to Tubo. From the border of Tang Dynasty to Tubo, people prepared horses, yaks, boats and food to see Princess Wencheng off. Songtsan Gambu personally rushed to Baihai from Logue to meet Songtsan Gambu to visit Li Daozong, and respectfully performed the ceremony of sons and nephews, constantly marveling at the beauty of dress etiquette in big countries, showing a sense of shame between pitching. After returning to Lhasa with the princess, they held a grand wedding. Songzan Gambu is very happy that he can marry Princess Wencheng. He said, "Neither my parents nor my grandparents can marry a businessman. I am deeply honored to marry Princess Datang. I should build a city for the princess to show off my descendants. " . Songzan Gambo and Princess Wencheng held a grand wedding there.
After the wedding, Songzan Gambo and Princess Wencheng crossed the snowy plateau and arrived in Luomou City. On the day when the princess entered the city, some people sang and danced like a grand festival and lined the streets to welcome her. Songtsan Gambu also built a castle and palace for the princess to live in according to the architectural format of the Tang Dynasty.
Princess Wencheng has lived in Tubo for 40 years, and has contributed to the friendly relations between the Chinese and Tibetan peoples and the economic and cultural development of Tibet. Up to now, there are still statues of Princess Songzan Gampo and Princess Wencheng in Jokhang Temple and Potala Palace in Tibet. In 650 AD, Songzan Gambu died.
Drama 1
The first Tibetan emissary suggested
Pang Bai: Tibetan ancestors-Tubo people live on the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau. Songzan Gambu, the Tubo ruler, admired the civilization of the Tang Dynasty very much. In 640 AD, he sent Lu Dongzan, a minister, to the Tang Dynasty to propose marriage.
Wei Shi: In the newspaper, a Tibetan envoy asked for an audience.
Emperor Taizong: Xuan.
Lu Dongzan: The Eagle on the Plateau —— Our Zanpu Songzan Gambu
Messenger A: Khan is in China.
Messenger B: Khan of China.
(Read together) Pay tribute to His Majesty Tang Huang.
Emperor Taizong: Rude.
Lu Dongzan: Please accept the gift from our Tubo Zampa to your Majesty. Tubo is willing to make peace with Datang, and this trip also brings our most sincere request-begging your majesty to give Princess Datang a gift to get married in Tubo.
Emperor Taizong: Yes, but I will test your wisdom. Establish a royal horse farm.
Emperor Taizong: Your envoys will first find the mother for this 100 pony.
Lu Dongzan: Please give me a day.
Emperor Taizong: All right! Back to the palace.
(Narrator): The next day.
Attendant: It is reported that Lu Dongzan circled ponies and made them hungry all day. After being released, the ponies returned to their mothers.
Emperor Taizong: This method is wonderful. Ask the next question.
Maid-in-waiting: Here is a nine-curved pearl and some silk thread. Please try to thread the silk thread through the hole in the middle of the pearl.
Little eunuch: The gap in the middle of this pearl is winding, so it's called Jiuqu Pearl. It is difficult to pass through with soft silk thread. (Several envoys worry with silk thread)
Lu Dongzan: Tibetan messengers have the means to beat Tiankhan. I can find an ant and tie it to my waist with a ponytail mane. Then, put the ant into the hole of the nine-curved pearl, and then keep blowing into the hole. Ants will soon climb out of the hole at the other end. Then I connected the silk thread to the horsetail mane and pulled it gently, and the silk thread passed through the zigzag beads.
Narrator: I only heard the eunuch say that Boya is good at playing the piano. After Zhong Ziqi died, Boya broke the piano and never played it again, thinking that the world was a drum. Boya father never plays with this finger. Why? The eunuch said, raise your right index finger. Liu Dongzan wanted to think.
Lu Dongzan: Tibetan envoy has thought of the answer, because this finger belongs to this little eunuch.
Emperor Taizong: Clever. There is one last question.
Emperor Taizong: (laughs) This method is very good. There is one last question. Please look! There are 30 beautiful women here, one of whom is Princess Wencheng. You must find Princess Wencheng in a quarter of an hour.
Lu Dongzan: (Laughter) Zanpu has heard about Princess Wencheng for a long time and admired her for a long time. Princess Wencheng was born in the palace, so she was naturally noble. Absolute beauty is unique. I've already confirmed it.
Emperor Taizong: (surprised) Oh, point it out to me.
Lu Dongzan: The princess came from knowing a happy event, with a red mole on her forehead and auspicious signs behind her, and butterflies flying.
(Emperor Taizong and the ladies-in-waiting look at Princess Wencheng in succession. Princess Wencheng touches her forehead and not only smiles. )
Emperor Taizong: (laughs) The Tibetan envoys are really witty. Zampa must be smarter. As the Tibetan emissary solved the problems one by one, Princess Wencheng married Tuzamp.
Lu Dongzan and others: Thank you Khan! Long live Khan, long live, long live! ! !
Narrator: Emperor Taizong has decided to marry Princess Wencheng to Songzang Gambu. In 64 1 year, Princess Wencheng shouldered the heavy responsibility of promoting friendly exchanges between the two countries and set off for Tubo.
Taizong: Daughter, it's a long way to go in Xiu Yuan. You must take good care of yourself. I was afraid that you would be homesick, so I had two Huang Jinbao mirrors specially cast for you. These two mirrors are called sun and moon mirrors. Baojing can see the rivers and mountains in the Central Plains. When you miss your mom and dad, you can take it out to ease the pain of missing your loved ones.
Princess Wencheng: Please rest assured. My daughter will take good care of herself, and you should take good care of yourself. My daughter is leaving. (sad)
Act II Westbound into Tubo
Narrator: Princess Wencheng and her party left for Tubo after bidding farewell to Emperor Taizong. Dozens of days later, Princess Wencheng and her party came to the border between Tang Dynasty and Tubo.
Princess Wencheng: The sky is high and the clouds are light, looking at the geese flying in the south. Where can I find a local accent when the sky is high and the clouds are light?
Attendant: This is the Huang Jinbao Mirror-Sun Moon Mirror presented by the emperor when he left. When you are homesick, you can visit Chang 'an.
Princess Wencheng: (taking out the mirror and looking at something, she can't help but burst into tears) She has left her hometown for thousands of miles, and when she looks around, she is boundless. Byakki Smoker is affectionate and deeply grieved. What's the use of keeping it? So I reluctantly threw away the sun and moon mirror and headed west. )
Lu Dongzan: Your Highness, there is a river ahead. After crossing the river, we entered the Tibetan area.
Princess Wencheng: (Looking back at her hometown, tears streaming down her face) All the rivers in the world flow eastward, and I am the only one who flows westward.
Lu Dongzan: Your Highness, please don't be too sad.
Princess Wencheng: (wiping tears) You are right. You can't live up to my father's high hopes. Let's cross the river quickly.
Scene 3 Princess Wencheng is in Tubo
Maid A (Princess Xiang Wencheng): Princess, this is Tubo.
Maid B (Princess Xiang Wencheng): Princess, the capital has arrived.
Narrator: Tubo men, women and children ran out of the tent to meet Princess Wencheng, competing to see her beauty and grace.
Narrator: Tashildler, Tashildler. (Xian Hada)
Songzan Gambo: Welcome the envoys of the Tang Dynasty to send the princess here, and invite Jiangxia Wang Mingri to get married according to the ceremony of the Tang Dynasty.
King Jiangxia: Good! All right! The wedding will be held tomorrow.
(the next day)
King Jiangxia: (from wedding music) One worships heaven and earth, the other worships the high hall, and the third enters the bridal chamber. (The people shouted "Tashi Dele" three times)
Songzan Gambu: (to Lu Dongzan) Neither my family nor my father married the Tang Dynasty. It's a great honor to marry Princess Tang today. I want to build an ideal city for Zanmeng as a memorial and let future generations know. Lu Dongzan, you will preside over the Potala Palace.
Lu Dongzan: I'll do it right away.
Princess Wencheng: I brought many skilled craftsmen and seeds of various grains and vegetables from Datang.
Songzan Gampo: Princess Wencheng brought many skilled craftsmen from the Tang Dynasty to build comfortable palaces and weave colorful silks and beautiful tapestries. You should learn from them and send people to study in Datang.
Everyone: Yes.
Narrator: Princess Wencheng fell in love with Songzan Gampo after marrying Tubo.
Drama 2
Narrator: Princess Wencheng was an important figure in promoting the friendship between the Tang Dynasty and the Tibetans, and a woman who contributed to the stability and peace of the motherland. Today we will look at the process of Princess Wencheng's entry into Tibet.
Lu Dongzan: Dear Tiankhan, long live, long live. I have long heard that the Tang Dynasty was outstanding, and Zanpu has long admired Chinese civilization. The envoy came to Datang on the orders of Zampa to propose to Khan in order to promote friendly exchanges between the two places. There are two hundred gold coins and hundreds of treasures here. Please accept it as a dowry.
Tang Taizong: Datang and Tubo are old friends, and I also hope that the relationship between the two countries will be closer. I am deeply gratified that Zampa sent an envoy to propose to Datang all the way. But at present, envoys from Uighur and Turkic nationalities have come to propose to me. Many envoys came to propose marriage, but there was only one Princess Wencheng, which really put me in a dilemma. We must find a way to choose the best husband for the princess.
Emperor Taizong: (frowning, thinking) Now I'll give you three questions. If the envoy can answer them well, I will marry the princess to Zapp.
The eunuch wrote: There are 65,438+000 foals in the Royal Horse Park in the stable on the left, and 65,438+000 mares in the stable on the right. Please find a way to find a mother for 65,438+000 foals.
Lu Dongzan: When Tiankhan was beaten, Tibetan envoys had figured out a solution. Emperor Taizong: Tell me about it.
Lu Dongzan: This method is: starve the foals all day, then let them out, and the foals will definitely run to the mare to feed them. This will not harm the life of the foal, but also reunite it with the mare, which also reflects the generosity of Tiankhan. Why not?
Emperor Taizong: This method is wonderful. Ask the next question.
I only heard from eunuchs that Boya is good at playing the piano. After Zhong Ziqi's death, Boya broke the piano and never played it again, thinking that there was not enough to be a drummer in the world. Boya father never plays with this finger. Why? The eunuch said, raise your right index finger. Liu Dongzan wanted to think.
Lu Dongzan: Tibetan envoy has thought of the answer, because this finger belongs to this little eunuch. Emperor Taizong: Clever. There is one last question.
I saw eunuchs applauding, and several women wearing hijab and similar clothes came out. The last question is to find Princess Wencheng from these women.
Lu Dongzan: (Laughter) Zanpu has heard about Princess Wencheng for a long time and admired her for a long time. The envoy learned something about the princess from Zapp, and he already knew the answer.
Emperor Taizong: (surprised) Oh, really? Then please point it out to me. Lu Dongzan: Not including the princess. The princess was born in the royal family and grew up in the court. She should have an extraordinary temperament, but the envoys did not feel the extraordinary temperament of the princess in these women.
Emperor Taizong: (laughs) The Tubo envoys are really witty, and the sages choose the sages to follow, so Zampa must be the sages. Since the Tibetan emissary can solve the problem, I decided to marry Wencheng as a princess and Zanpu.
Lu Dongzan and others: Thank you Khan! Long live Khan, long live, long live! ! !
Narrator: Emperor Taizong has decided to marry Princess Wencheng to Songzang Gambu. In 64 1 year, Princess Wencheng shouldered the heavy responsibility of promoting friendly exchanges between the two countries and set off for Tubo.
Taizong: Daughter, it's a long way to go in Xiu Yuan. You must take good care of yourself. I was afraid that you would be homesick, so I had two Huang Jinbao mirrors specially cast for you. These two mirrors are called sun and moon mirrors. Baojing can see the rivers and mountains in the Central Plains. When you miss your mom and dad, you can take it out to ease the pain of missing your loved ones.
Princess Wencheng: Please rest assured. My daughter will take good care of herself, and you should take good care of yourself. My daughter is leaving. (sad)
Narrator: Princess Wencheng and her party left for Tubo after bidding farewell to Emperor Taizong. Dozens of days later, Princess Wencheng and her party came to the border between Tang Dynasty and Tubo.
Princess Wencheng: (taking out the mirror and looking at something, she can't help but burst into tears) She has left her hometown for thousands of miles, and when she looks around, she is boundless. Byakki Smoker is affectionate and deeply grieved. What's the use of keeping it? So I reluctantly threw away the sun and moon mirror and headed west. )
Lu Dongzan: Your Highness, there is a river ahead. After crossing the river, we entered the Tibetan area.
Princess Wencheng: (Looking back at her hometown, tears streaming down her face) All the rivers in the world flow eastward, and I am the only one who flows westward. Lu Dongzan: Your Highness, please don't be too sad.
Princess Wencheng: (wiping tears) You are right. You can't live up to my father's high hopes. Let's cross the river quickly.
Narrator: After more than a month's trek, I finally came to Luomou City in spring. Men, women and children played music and danced, cheering "Zanmeng is coming". Local residents also sang folk songs to welcome Princess Wencheng.
Narrator: Songzan Gambu saw the princess coming and said, "Welcome the envoys of the Tang Dynasty to send the princess here." Then the famous king Jiangxia presided over the wedding according to the ceremony of the Tang Dynasty. The wedding was held the next day. This is how Princess Wencheng entered Tibet. After Princess Wencheng entered Tibet, she brought many etiquette, culture and crops of the Tang Dynasty to Tubo, and improved the life of Tubo people. Their lives are very happy, which also promotes the friendly relationship between Tang and Fan.
Main figures: Princess Wencheng, Songzan Gambu, Tibetan officials, and officials seeing off relatives in the Tang Dynasty.
Venue: Sun Moon Mountain
Main plot: Princess Wencheng and her party went west to the vicinity of Baihai, where they met the wedding procession such as Songzan Gambu. The main characters look back on the past and look forward to the future, and are willing to work together for the friendship between Tang and Tubo for generations.
Plot:
Narrator: It is the 14th year of Zhenguan in Tang Dynasty (AD 640), and our place is the White Sea between Tang Dynasty and Tubo. Since Lord Lu Dongzan heard the news that Emperor Zhenguan of the Tang Dynasty agreed to let me propose marriage to Tubo, and promised to send the beautiful and kind Princess Wencheng to Tubo to marry me, I Tubo celebrated all over the country, and Sambo decided to personally marry the princess to my Tubo.
Songzan Gambu looked into the distance, and Lu Dongzan stepped forward: Report back to Zampa, your highness will be here soon. This is the messenger of the Tang Dynasty and his royal highness's entourage. Please ask Zampa to ask him about it.
Official of Tang Dynasty: Interview with Zampa.
Songzan Gambu: There is no ceremony. Your Excellency has worked hard all the way. Please sit down and talk.
Tang Dynasty official: Thank you, Zapp. I, the emperor of the Tang Dynasty, have felt the wisdom of Zanpu from your ambassador, Lord Lu Dongzan, and deeply felt that it is the well-being of both of us to live in harmony with Tubo. I was sent to escort Princess Wencheng of Datang to your country to make friends with Zampa.
Songzan Gambu: Thank you for your trust in me. I hope Tubo and Datang will be friendly from generation to generation. Please tell me something about the princess first.
Tang official: Zampa, I am Princess Wencheng of Datang. I am knowledgeable, beautiful, kind, intelligent and virtuous. I am willing to marry Zampa and contribute to the friendship between Datang and Tubo, so that Tubo will be prosperous and strong. The princess also learned about Zampa's great achievements in unifying Tubo, establishing military system, developing production and reforming writing. She thinks Zampa is a great leader with foresight and admires Zampa.
Songzan Gambu: Princess, that's very kind of you. Can you tell me something about your trip?
Tang Dynasty official: OK, Zamp. We bid farewell to Emperor Zhenguan, set out from Chang 'an, passed through Zhangzhou, Yancheng, Mori Post and Lu Na Post, and came to Baihai. This is really a difficult trip. Princess Wencheng, in particular, has never walked such a long way, and the difficulty is unimaginable. But the princess overcame many difficulties in order to see Zamp as soon as possible. Thanks to the care of many Tibetan envoys and the blessing of Emperor Zhenguan and Zampa, it was safe and sound.
In order to express the admiration of the princess and Datang for Zanpu, and to make Tubo more prosperous under the leadership of Zanpu, we specially brought some special gifts. This is the gift list. Please look at zamp.
Songzan Gambu: food seeds; Agricultural tools; Textile, silk reeling, building tools; Tools such as papermaking, wine making, pottery making, grinding and metallurgy; Various technical books; Wait a minute. And craftsmen. Alas, there is still hope for the future development of Tubo. Thanks to Datang! Thank you Princess Wencheng! I want to see the princess at once.
Princess Wencheng: Meet Zampa.
Songzan Gambu: Princess, you have worked hard all the way. I am really eager to see the princess. I am so happy to see her today. Thank you, Princess, for coming to Tubo to share joys and sorrows with me and do your part for the development of Tubo, and thank you for bringing so many precious gifts to Tubo. I think, with the help of the princess, my friendship between Tubo and Datang will definitely go up a storey still higher, and Tubo will definitely be more prosperous. I will do my best to take care of the princess.
Princess Wencheng: Thank you, Zamp.
Songzan Gambo: It's just that it's far from Tubo. You must cross Zhonglongyi, Yak River Tengqiao, Tanggula Mountain and Naqu before you can reach Lhasa. Besides, since then, this road has become more dangerous. For safety, the princess had to abandon her sedan chair and ride a horse. I'm worried about her health, and I hope the princess can be prepared for hardship.
Princess Wencheng: I'm ready.
Songzan Gambo: Princess, why are you crying? Do you regret it?
Princess Wencheng: No, no regrets. I just think that from now on, I will never see the Tang Dynasty again, and I will never see my father, father, brothers and sisters again. I can't stop crying at the thought of it.
Songzan Gambu: It is not easy to think that she is a weak woman, who is far away from her hometown and relatives for the friendship between Datang and Tubo and comes to Tubo with a different language and customs from Datang. I will try my best to take good care of the princess and make her live happily in Tubo. In order to help the princess adapt to the future life as soon as possible, I have ordered craftsmen to build a beautiful Potala Palace specially for the princess. I'm sure the princess will like it.
Princess Wencheng: Thank you for your kindness. I will do my best for the friendship between Tang and Tubo.
Narrator: Princess Wencheng's harmonious diplomacy in Tubo promoted Sino-Tibetan friendship and made great contributions to the economic and cultural development of Tubo. Tubo people express their respect and love for Princess Wencheng in the form of poems.