River maple, fishing lamp, and eternal dark sleep

Crows fell on the moon, crowed coldly, slept on maple trees, and slept in fishing lanes by the river. In the lonely Hanshan Temple outside Suzhou, the bell that rang in the middle of the night reached the passenger ship. A night-mooring near maple bridge, a four-line poem written by Zhang Ji in Tang Dynasty, is a household name. However, there have always been different interpretations of the word "Jiang Feng" in the poem. Or it can be interpreted as "the trees along the river can only see a vague outline, so it is called' Jiangfeng'"; Or Zhang Ji "chose the image of' Jiang Feng' to give readers a hint and feeling of autumn"; Or take "Jiangfeng" as one of the scenery matching groups, as opposed to "fishing fire", to show "one static and one moving, one dark and one bright, one up and one down, one up and one down". All the above viewpoints interpret "Jiangfeng" as "Maple Tree by the River" from all angles, which I think is not accurate. In this regard, predecessors have also pointed out that such a word interpretation is biased. Wang said in "Notes on Residency": "There are many saplings in the water towns in the south of the Yangtze River, and the autumn leaves are full of frost, bright red and lovely. The poet (referring to Zhang Ji) doesn't know that maple leaves grow mountains, and sex is the worst, so they can't be planted on the river bank. The word' Jiang Feng' in this poem is also a misunderstanding. " From a botanical point of view, this statement makes sense.

As for the "Jiang" of "Jiangfeng" in the poem, if it is interpreted as "Jiang" by the river, it should be purely false. From the geographical environment, Hanshan Temple has never had a big river that can be called "Jiang" since ancient times. It can be seen that the "Jiang" in Zhang Ji's "Jiang Feng" is really not a water name.

Gao Qi, a Suzhou poet in the Ming Dynasty, said in a poem: "The colorful bridge reflects the river, and the maple bridge in the poem has another name. After recalling Zhang Ji several times, the crow and the moon rang again. " This poem echoes Zhang Ji's a night-mooring near maple bridge from a distance. The poem "Jiangcheng" is probably the mistake of "Jiangcun". Has anyone who has been to Hanshan Temple noticed that this ancient temple is located next to Zhenjiang Village Bridge in Qiao Feng outside Nagato, Suzhou? It can be seen that "Jiangfeng" in Zhang Jishi's poems refers to Jiangcun Bridge and Qiao Feng Bridge, which can be proved by Gao Qi's poems.

Maple Bridge is not a nameless bridge. According to Li Rihua's records in Ming Dynasty, "Qiao Feng was closed under its old name, but it was later changed because of Zhang Jishi's' Jiang Huo'. Nowadays, there are many books written by Tang people, all of which have the word' bridge closure and permanent residence' on the back. " It can be inferred that when Zhang Ji stayed in the river between Jiangcunqiao and Qiao Feng at night, he had heard the name of Qiao Feng. However, as a poet, Zhang Ji skillfully changed the "seal" of the bridge to "maple" by artistic means, and paid attention to the creation of artistic conception, so he sang a beautiful sentence of "Jiang Feng fishing and sleeping". Qiao Feng, this humble little bridge, has become a "Maple Bridge" because of the humanistic connotation of Zhang Ji's poem, which is famous all over the world.

Night berth near Fengqiao

Jill Zhang

Crows fell on the moon, crowed coldly, slept on maple trees, and slept in fishing lanes by the river.

In the lonely Hanshan Temple outside Suzhou, the bell that rang in the middle of the night reached the passenger ship.

[Notes]

1. Qiao Feng: The name of this bridge is outside Suzhou today.

2. Berthing at night: Berthing the boat at the shore at night.

3. Jiang Feng: A maple tree by the river.

4. Fishing fire: lights on fishing boats.

5. Sleepiness: Travellers on board are worried about traveling, so it is difficult to fall asleep.

6. Suzhou: Suzhou.

7. Hanshan Temple: Located in the west of Qiao Feng, it was named after a poet named Hanshan lived here in the early Tang Dynasty.

[Modern Translation]

The moon has set, crows crow and autumn frost is everywhere.

The maple trees by the river are sleeping in sorrow.

The lonely and quiet Hanshan Temple outside Gusu,

At midnight, the passenger ship rang a sweet bell.

[Appreciation]

One autumn night, a passenger ship from afar was moored on the Maple Bridge outside Suzhou. Tomorrow has fallen, crows crow, the sky is covered with frost, maple trees by the river, and a little fishing fire. How desolate it is for him to accompany the wanderer on the boat on a cold autumn night in this water town. In just two sentences, this poem describes what the poet saw, heard and felt, and depicts a picture of a lonely autumn night. But the last two sentences of this poem are more verve. The midnight bell of Hanshan Temple not only sets off the tranquility of the night, but also impacts the poet's lonely heart, making people feel the eternity and loneliness of time and space, resulting in endless reverie about life and history. This artistic conception of the combination of dynamic and static most typically conveys the charm of China's poetry.