The central figure in the first chapter is grandma. She is kind, intelligent, capable and full of love. She is the representative of thousands of outstanding Russian women in Qian Qian and has a great influence on my life. At the end of this chapter, I described my grandmother's portrait and personality in poetic and beautiful language, and created a radiant ordinary and great character image. The first "conversation" between my grandmother, who is over sixty, and me, who is three or four years old, was lively and interesting. Gorky, who has passed the age of no doubt, vividly described and reflected the objective reality at that time with the tone, vision, psychology and behavior of three or four-year-old children, and profoundly and accurately expressed his very mature thoughts, opinions and feelings. The language is concise and vivid, very colloquial, which is very suitable for the tone of the characters and the language environment at that time; The plot makes the finishing point and the characters are lifelike. Not only this chapter, but also the whole childhood has this remarkable feature and advantage. I wrote wonderfully at the beginning of my childhood. It can extract more than one beautiful essay. The content of this chapter can be roughly known from the title added by the translator: 1. Grandma's appearance; Second, "the father died and the younger brother was born"; Third, "father burial"; Fourth, "Scenery on the Volga River". Every chapter of childhood is composed of many such beautiful essays. Childhood can be compared to a pearl necklace, and every essay is a crystal clear pearl. For example, this chapter hides several such pearls. The second chapter can be divided into three parts, namely three beautiful and wonderful essays. Their titles can be Brothers Fighting, Cruel Grandpa, Grandpa coming to see me in the hospital bed. The central figure in this chapter is my grandfather. The novel is about the cruelty of my grandfather beating his grandson, which is horrible and creepy. Later, he came to the hospital bed and saw the scene of "I", which made people feel that the life experience of the old man deserves sympathy. His shrewdness is admirable. Although he can't forgive his ferocity, it is understandable to some extent, especially after reading the fifth chapter. During his illness, he taught Aletha "I" to read and talk about the philosophy of life. The third chapter is divided into four parts, namely four essays or short stories. They can also have clear titles. First, "a pair of hands that don't exchange gold." Ivan is an expert at work. Going to the market to buy things will save money for grandpa. Second, a "lively family dance" featuring Ivan and grandma; Third, Yakov's Guitar. Of course, he is also the core of dance; Fourth, "the tragic death of little Ibokan." Ivan, nicknamed "Xiaoshigang", is the central figure in this chapter and the adopted son of his grandmother. From being abandoned at birth to his tragic death, he wrote about flesh and blood, love and affection. Tzgang Jr. is a kind, hardworking and capable young man, and also my best friend in childhood. His tragic death is directly related to the selfishness and meanness of his brothers, but it is rooted in vicious social diseases such as selfishness and meanness. The fourth chapter focuses on grandma, her piety to God, kindness and loyalty to people, and tolerance and consideration to her husband. Write that she is smart, capable, talkative, dancing and telling fairy tales; If the order is set in a fire, deliver the baby for menstruation after the fire; She is a good housewife, the pillar of a big family and my closest friend. The description of the fire scene in the novel is very wonderful. The fifth chapter can be divided into two parts: first, grandma and grandpa told their own suffering experiences. Both of them are orphans who lost their fathers in their early years. They all followed their mother to beg along the street. Later, they all stood on their own feet by their intelligence, hard work and diligence. Finally, they earned this well-off family. Secondly, it is my grandfather who teaches me to read and tells me his own life philosophy. His curiosity about "I" was answered, and the reason was simple, vivid and clear. The sixth chapter describes the atrocities of Mikhail, the great uncle, who led hooligans to attack and attack his grandfather's house in order to compete for property. This not only profoundly exposed the traitor's lost face and ugly behavior, but also objectively exposed the sharp contradictions of thousands of ordinary citizens' families in Qian Qian. In this "battle" of hand-to-hand combat between father and son, Aletha "I" played the role of a fire-fighting scout, which was written vividly and brilliantly, and could publish a beautiful article entitled "I watched the enemy in the street". In this "battle", the kind-hearted grandmother was smashed with bricks by drunken rebels because of "persuading the fight", resulting in a fracture. Chapter 7 can also be divided into two parts. The first part mainly talks about two different gods, grandma and grandpa. Grandma's God is merciful, bless mankind, dominate everything and have insight into everything. Grandpa's god is overbearing, powerful, strict and cruel, and everyone is afraid. This contrast is expressed through vivid literary descriptions, and there is no conceptual preaching at all, which is very exciting and intriguing. The next part mainly wrote about the painful feelings after what I saw and heard in the street, and also mentioned the distress of staying at home. I lived and grew up in such a family and social environment. The first part is about my spiritual pillar and ideological environment, and the second part is about my daily life and social environment at home and abroad. These two aspects are objective factors that obviously affect the formation of my world outlook and outlook on life. This is obviously the main reason why the last two articles were merged into one chapter. Chapter 8 can also be divided into two parts. The first part describes the scenes and skills of grandma telling fairy tales and the contents recorded in the beautiful and charming fairy tale Hermit and Warrior. The second part introduces my first intellectual friend, an outsider and eccentric who doesn't know his real name but only knows his nickname "Good Thing", focusing on their friendship. The content between the first part and the second part is linked by the scene where "weirdo" listens to grandma telling fairy tales. The novel deliberately uses subtle methods to subtly let readers understand the embarrassing relationship between "good things" and grandma. Chapter 9 can also be divided into two parts. The first article is My Good Friend Uncle Peter. The novel attaches great importance to the influence of adult storytelling on children. The coach often tells me stories, although his storytelling skills are much better than grandma's business trips abroad. The most wonderful plot of this chapter is the friendship between "I" and three brothers. The next chapter is about the friendship between "me" and "three young gentlemen". Friends have an important influence on the formation of a person's "mental outlook" and world outlook. The novel faithfully describes my love and admiration for three young gentlemen. Grandma supported the friendship between "I" and the three brothers, but my grandfather and the father of the three brothers, Colonel Ovsininikov, forbade them to associate, and even the coachman Peter resolutely opposed it. The coachman and "I" had a quarrel over this, and this "quarrel" became the link between the first and second articles. Chapter 10 describes my mother's sudden return home and new family conflicts. It goes without saying that an unfortunate young woman, who lost her husband and left her young son, was willful and strong. After leaving home with pain for many years, she returned to her lonely and elderly parents who raised her son. Her marriage, in particular, was and still is the focus and fuse of contradictions, conflicts, quarrels and quarrels between father and daughter. The novel first describes in detail the first encounter between my mother and me, and then describes a quarrel between mother and son because of "reciting poems". Finally, it focuses on the big fight between father and daughter because of marriage problems. My grandfather was so angry that he knelt in front of his daughter and then injured his grandmother for no reason. Quarrels and quarrels have become commonplace; No matter how good, call again when you are ready. This is how a family of four spent the day! Chapter 1 1 focuses on my mother's family life after her return. First of all, my mother's communication with some young men, although not many pens, is very vague and I don't want to talk about it; Secondly, I wrote about my cousin Sasha's truancy and escape. My cousin and I are poor orphans. He has no mother, and his stepmother treats him badly. This novel vividly and concretely describes his truancy. But the key content of this chapter is that my grandmother told me about my father's life and my parents' marriage. Chapter 12 describes my mother's remarriage and life after remarriage, the trauma caused by this "sad event" of "me" to my own mind, and the fact that my grandfather's family has been declining, even bankrupt, moving constantly, and the housing and life have gone from bad to worse, and I almost really want to go begging on the street in the past two years. I can't accept the fact that my mother remarried in any case. It can be said that family conflicts are mainly between "me" and my mother. I also focused on going to school, especially a persuasive educator who loves children. Chapter 13 describes that my grandparents live separately, and "I" collect garbage for a living, and "I" and several children go to the river to steal boards to sell money. These friends have a hard life and have friendship with each other, and their mother dies, and finally "I" have to go to "earth". All these contents, at first glance, are chaotic, but they are completely in line with the logic of life itself, because they are all writing the word "poverty". The tragedy of Childhood ends with the tragic scene of mother's death.
Character image
The relationship between the main characters shows that father Peter Skoff (craftsman, honest and filial), mother varvara (kind lower class woman), stepfather yevgeny Maksimov (grumpy and often beating his wife), grandfather Kashirin (fierce, cruel and selfish), grandmother Akulena Ivanovna (hardworking and kind), protagonist Aletha (kind, strong, brave, pure and confident), and great uncle Mikhail. Natalya's (gentle and timid) cousin Yakov's Sasha (obedient and numb) cousin Mikhail's Sasha (silent and melancholy) partner Xiao Zi was just very friendly with the protagonist, but was later killed) old craftsman Gregory (honest and filial) nanny Evgen Ya (happy and kind) tenant Good Things (learned and taciturn) tells the childhood story of Aletha (Gorky's nickname) from three to ten years old. The novel vividly reproduces the life state of the Russian lower class in the 1970s and 1980s, from when I went to my grandfather's house to write with my mother, to when my grandfather told me to make a living in the human world. Grandfather opened a dye house, but with the decline of his family business, he became stingy, greedy, bossy and cruel, often beating his grandmother and children and ruthlessly exploiting workers. Once Alexei was beaten unconscious by him because he dyed a piece of cloth. Young Alisha was once beaten unconscious by him with a branch. He also secretly lends usury and even encourages his helpers to steal things. The two uncles are also rude and selfish philistines, arguing and fighting over property all day and abusing their wives crazily. In such a family full of cruelty and hatred, young Alisha realized the suffering and ugliness of human beings prematurely. However, even in such a terrible environment, there is no lack of warmth and light. This is another life of others represented by grandma. Grandma is kind, smart and capable, loves life, has patience with everyone and has a holy and broad mind. She is like a bright lamp, illuminating alessa's sensitive and lonely heart. She often tells alessa some poor and weak folk stories that praise justice and light. Her influence on Aletha was just as Gorky wrote later: "Before she came, I seemed to sleep in the dark, but as soon as she appeared, she woke me up and took me to a bright place ... It was her selfless love for the world that enriched me and enriched me. In addition, there are optimistic and simple Xiaoshigang, upright old worker Gregory, intellectuals who are committed to "good things" in science, and many good people he has met ... all of them are Aletha's mentors. It is these ordinary and kind people who have cultivated Aletha's positive attitude towards life and rebellious spirit, so that he still maintains his courage and confidence in life in a dark and dirty environment and gradually grows into a strong, brave, upright and caring person. As an autobiographical novel, Childhood tells the writer a heavy childhood story. For the people and things he experienced and left painful memories in his heart, those "lead scandals" could not be relaxed when the writer narrated, so the tone of the novel as a whole was serious and low. On the other hand, the novel is described with a child's eyes, which casts a naive color on the tragic scene. Reading sadness is not too heavy, which makes people see light in darkness, kindness in evil, the light of human nature in ruthlessness, and the great power of people to overcome tragic fate in a tragic atmosphere.