Poetry is made up of images, with polysemy, rich imagination, strong lyricism, high generality and concise language.
Image is an important concept in China's ancient literary theory. The ancients believed that meaning was an internal abstract mind, just like an external concrete object; Meaning originates from the heart and is expressed through images, which are actually the sustenance of meaning. In fact, China's traditional poetics refers to the artistic techniques of expressing feelings in scenery, borrowing scenery to express feelings and blending scenes. The process of poetry creation is a process of observation, feeling, brewing and expression, and a process of reappearing life.
The use of images naturally varies from person to person, from thing to thing, from time to time and from emotion. Generally speaking, the methods of constructing intention can be divided into three categories: Fu, Bi and Xing.
Fu, that is to say, write directly. In the author's view, an image already has the characteristics of expressing one's feelings, and it can be directly used to project feelings.
Comparison, which is often called metaphor, compares the author's feelings with other things, similes, metaphors or symbols in different ways, and directly compares his feelings with people or things, making them have the characteristics of people or things.
Xing, that is, "say something else first, so that the words can be sung." Xing must be attached to something, have a concrete image that can arouse Xing, and then make this concrete image penetrate into the author's feelings, thus producing artistic conception.
Three levels of poetry appreciation?
Generally speaking, literary works have three levels, namely, language level, image level and implication level. Poetry appreciation should also start from these three levels. ?
Language level: There is no doubt that poetry has a strong intuition. Poetic language is highly generalized, concise and meaningful. It often violates the general grammatical norms and has a stronger sense of strangeness than the general literary language. There are often many gaps between the lines of a poem, showing a strong leap. It is this leap that contains more abundant images of poetry, thus constructing refreshing poetry in a very limited space.
Image level: image and aesthetic education are inextricably linked, and only poems with beautiful images can give readers a sense of beauty. Whether you can create a novel and unique image of beauty is one of the signs to measure the success of poetry. The formation of images mainly uses three methods: Fu, Bi and Xing. However, only by using images or metaphors of seemingly unrelated things that are actually related can we express ourselves accurately and effectively, and the images generated according to this principle can be surprisingly bizarre, fresh and surprisingly accurate.
Implication level: With the formation of images in the mind and the stimulation of phonological rhythm, readers have a preliminary aesthetic feeling, but how to break through the image surface to understand the image connotation of poetry is the key to the success or failure of poetry appreciation. The meaning of poetry generally includes aesthetic meaning and intellectual meaning.
Imagism is the earliest school of modern poetry in the early 20th century. 1908- 1909 was formed in Britain, and was later introduced to the United States and the Soviet Union. Representative figures are Hume, Pound, Amy and Ye Saining.
The appearance of imagism was originally a reversal of the poetic style at that time. First of all, symbolism, aestheticism and romanticism merged with each other in the English literary world in the late19th century, forming a new romanticism. Imagism evolved from this. By the beginning of the 20th century, traditional poetry, especially romanticism and Victorian poetry, had degenerated into moaning, sentimentality and ethical preaching, and was only "an imitation of Keats and Wordsworth". Pound and his Imagist put forward the idea of "being unconventional" and "being innovative". Secondly, Bergson fever was popular in the early 20th century, which is an extension of the influence of irrational philosophy in the literary world since Schopenhauer. Hume, the pioneer of imagism, was directly influenced by
Q: What is poetic imagery? What does poetic imagery mean?
By Professor Bergson. Bergson's intuitionism and philosophy of life are accepted by imagists and become their main theoretical and philosophical basis. Imagist poetry especially emphasizes the role of images and intuition. At the same time, the symbolism poetry school created a new way for Imagist to create new poems, especially the synaesthesia, color and musicality of poems, which greatly inspired Imagist.
Because most imagist poets have experienced symbolic poetry creation, some people in the theoretical circle regard imagism as a branch of symbolism. In fact, imagist and symbolist poetry are very different in essence. Imagism is not satisfied with symbolism to find the metaphorical meaning and symbolic meaning behind the image by guessing, and is not satisfied with finding the mysterious relationship between the image and the thought, but to make poetry reflected in the description of the image in an instant. It advocates using vivid images to restrain feelings, not preaching, not abstract lyricism and unreasonable. Therefore, Imagist poetry is short, pithy and vivid. A poem often has only one image or several images. Although symbolism also uses images, both of which regard images as "objective counterparts", symbolism regards images as symbols and pays attention to association, suggestion and metaphor, making images into codes to be translated. Imagism, on the other hand, is "from symbolic symbols to the real world", focusing on the image itself of poetry, that is, concreteness. Let emotions and thoughts merge in the image, which is naturally reflected in an instant without thinking.
In addition, from the internal form of poetic imagery, imagism is influenced by Japanese haiku and China's ancient poems. The reform of imagist poetry began with imitating Japanese haiku. China's ancient poems are completely immersed in images, which are pure combinations of images. For example, Liu Zongyuan's Jiang Xue said, "There are no birds in a hundred mountains, and there are no footprints in a thousand paths. A boat, a bamboo cloak, an old man fishing in the cold river-snow. " Wang Wei's "Make it Fort": "The desert is lonely and straight, and the long river sets the yen." Ma Zhiyuan's Qiu Si: "The old vine is a faint crow, the small bridge is a flowing family, and the old road is a thin horse. When the sun sets, heartbroken people are at the end of the world. " China's poetry is dominated by images, which run through the whole poem, just like a painting hanging in front of his eyes, with scenes blending and objects in a trance. China Wei, Jin and Tang poets' poetic style of expressing images without evaluation accords with the imagist thought. From the description characteristics of China literature, Pound saw the magic of language and image, which led to the magical worship of China's poems and Chinese characters. The long poem "Chapter of Poetry" contains Chinese characters in many places to show some mysterious meaning, and advocates finding out the images in Chinese, and puts forward that English poetry should also try to infiltrate the whole poem into the images.
The creation of imagist poetry has three distinct artistic characteristics.
1. Imagism demands that poems directly present images that can convey feelings, and express images in the form of sculptures and paintings, and opposes lyrical poems that are musical and mysterious, and puts forward "don't talk" and "don't talk", just show them without comment. Pound summarized the definition of image poetry as: "Image is a complex of reason and emotion presented in an instant." For example, China's famous modern poem "Life" has only one word: "Net." Let readers feel the full meaning of life in an instant. Another example is Amy's masterpiece "Middle Age": "It seems to be black ice,/it is covered with unsolvable vortex lines by ignorant skaters,/and this is the dull surface of my heart." In the display of images such as "black ice", "vortex pattern" and "dark face", poetry instantly conveys the poet's inner helplessness in middle age.
Secondly, the language of imagist poetry is concise, without meaningless adjectives and modifiers, without decorative lace, against showing off words, short lines and jumping images. For example, Pound translated the sentence "Shocking the sand and making waves" in Li Bai's Antique into "Shocking". Chaos in the desert. The sun of the sea. " Although mistranslation is inevitable, the brevity and lightness of language can also be seen. Another example is The Red Cart by William, a famous American Imagist poet: "Many things/depend on/a red/small car/are illuminated by rain/beside it.