1. Read the text three times first, find out the words and expressions that you can't read or speak, look up the words you don't know and mark them in the dictionary, and read them several times if you don't read them well;
2. Look it up in the dictionary. You must look it up in the dictionary for the selected words.
3. After learning, write the words and new words silently to be accurate.
4. Divide the text into sections and say the meaning of each paragraph.
5. Read the text silently, talk about the general content of the article, and understand the central idea and structure;
Teacher's note:
First of all, read the new lesson softly for several times, and get to know what the text is written and the center of expression; Then, according to the author's writing order, try to divide the text into paragraphs; Then, on the basis of a preliminary understanding of the structure of the article, think about the key words and expressions in the article and understand how the author uses these words and expressions to express the central idea; Finally, think about the thoughts and feelings expressed in the whole text and the writing characteristics of the article.
Know how to use reference books. When previewing the text, you will often encounter unfamiliar words, new words, or words that have been revived before. To understand the pronunciation, meaning or usage of these words, It is necessary to use the silent teachers such as dictionaries. At present, the most commonly used reference books for primary school students are Xinhua Dictionary, Modern Chinese Dictionary, Idiom Dictionary, etc. When students preview the text, they can get rid of the obstacles of language and writing, and have a firm grasp of the pronunciation, meaning and usage of these words.
Write frequently. When previewing the text, they should not only read and think, but also pay attention to writing more. It is necessary to circle and dot. For example, mark the words that you don't understand with pinyin, write notes on the words that you don't understand, underline the sentences with profound meanings, circle and dot the key words, and put a question mark on the places that are difficult, etc. Make these marks, and pay special attention to them when you are in class, so as to thoroughly understand the places that you feel vague.
1 Author's brief introduction
2 unfamiliar words
On the cultivation of junior middle school students' Chinese preview habits
First, use the "five-step song of reading" to improve their preview interest
Step 1: Look, that is, look at all the contents of the new lesson first, including comments and exercises.
Step 2: Draw, that is, draw the places that need to be understood, such as new words, and words that are difficult to understand in Chinese. If you encounter a new word in Chinese, you should not only know its explanation, but also contact the text to understand the meaning and usage of the word in the text. When you encounter a new concept in mathematics, you should find out the origin, connotation and application scope of the concept.
Step 4: Reading is to read the text or read the problem-solving process and knowledge formation process after reading, drawing and checking. The advantage of reading aloud is not only to help you remember, but also to help you understand the content of the new lesson. Here, the preview is not over, and the most important step is to take notes. "Note" has two meanings: first, write down the main contents of the text and new knowledge points; The second is to write down the difficult problems found in the preview. That is to say, solve the problems that are easy to solve in the textbook first, concentrate the problems that you can't solve and take them to the classroom to solve. In this way, you will concentrate on the class and the learning efficiency will be greatly improved.
Second, cultivate students to ask questions in the preview and improve the learning effect.
Aristotle has a famous saying: "Thinking begins with questions and surprises." Only when thinking can there be innovation. Einstein said, "It is more important to ask questions than to solve them." Therefore, to cultivate innovative thinking should start with the cultivation of questioning and asking difficult questions.
Before each new lesson, I guide students to read the text and ask difficult questions with reference to the preview requirements and after-class thinking questions. Through preview, students can get a preliminary understanding of the text, but it is impossible to understand and understand all the problems. Therefore, students should be guided to use planning, dot and dot. Mark the words, sentences and after-class questions that you don't understand in the text, and ask questions. In this way, students can listen to the class with a purpose, attend the class with questions, and improve the listening effect. In addition, teachers should praise and encourage students who can ask questions in preview in time, which is conducive to cultivating students' questioning ability.
In short, as long as teachers can guide and urge them in a planned, step-by-step manner, Students' good preview habits can be developed, and their self-learning ability will also develop. Practice has proved that by effectively guiding students to preview, the efficiency of classroom teaching can be improved, and students' self-learning ability can be generally improved. More importantly, students' passive learning can be turned into active learning. The efficiency of teaching can generally improve students' self-learning ability. More importantly, it can make students learn passively and become active.
Five-step method of Chinese preview
Preview is an important part of learning Chinese. If preview is done well, it will make learning in class more purposeful, with better learning effect and long-term persistence, which will naturally improve reading ability gradually. Every student should attach importance to preview and form the habit of preview.
Preview should pay attention to methods and scientific preview methods. The following five methods are simple and effective.
1. "Circle": read the text while previewing the text, and circle the new words with a red pen. After reading the text, read the notes, and if there are no notes, look up the word (word) dictionary to find out the font, pronunciation and meaning. It is best to have a special book and write down these new words. This will help to understand the text and facilitate review. Avoid or reduce typos.
2. "Point": When previewing the text, mark some words with strong expressive force under these words with bullets. For example, you should carefully ponder and study which words you think are used accurately and vividly. Every writer should choose his words carefully when writing, so when previewing the text, we should never skim over the words in the text, but ponder them carefully. If you change a word, what will the effect be? If you are willing to work hard, it will not only improve your reading ability, but also greatly help you improve your writing ability.
3. "Stroke": The texts we have learned are carefully selected by experts from many famous works, and it is not an exaggeration to say that they are all excellent works. There must be sentences that highlight the central idea and show the character, or sentences that are incisive and vivid, that is to say, There must be some sentences with brilliant ideas and literary talents. When previewing the text, draw these sentences with curves or straight lines. Regular practice of drawing these sentences will certainly improve your ability to understand and appreciate the works, and at the same time improve your ability to choose words and make sentences in your composition.
4. "Comment": "Comment" refers to comments on the conception, layout, writing skills and so on. For those who agree or criticize, comment a few words in the blank space of the text, and it doesn't matter if you are right or wrong. This is an effective way to exercise and improve your ability to analyze problems independently. You may not be able to write a sentence or two at first, or you may not be able to grasp the key places to comment. But don't worry, as long as you keep practicing, you will gradually grasp the key issues and the number of words of comments will gradually increase. The ability to analyze problems will naturally be improved accordingly.
5. "Abstraction" means copying beautiful words, sentences or paragraphs that you think are important in the text into a preview book or a loose-leaf card. This is an important way to accumulate language materials. Insisting on abstracting will not only enrich your vocabulary, but also enhance your oral or written expression ability. Of course, it takes time and effort to abstract, but in order to improve your ability. It's still worthwhile.
How to take class notes
Taking notes is something we often do in our study. However, some students can't take notes, especially in Chinese class, and some students often complain that they can't take notes. Here's how to take class notes well.
Make sure what to remember in class notes. Generally, we should remember the following four aspects: First, we should grasp the "new" knowledge that the teacher said. For those who have remembered before, you can just write down where you see them. Second, you should concentrate on remembering what you are "missing" and make up for the lack of your knowledge by taking notes. Third, you should remember those "practical" contents, such as the knowledge that is easy to make mistakes in your own training or exams. Fourth, you should remember the "method", that is, you should remember the knowledge with regularity. For example, how to analyze the contextual meaning of words, how to distinguish the nuances of synonyms, and other knowledge related to one's hobbies, which is helpful to expand one's knowledge, or which is enlightening to one's study, should be recorded.
Grasping the key points Some students are not good at taking notes, and always think that the teacher's blackboard writing is the key point, so they mechanically take every word correctly. In fact, it is not necessary. We should grasp the key content to record, <
second, the key and difficult points that the teacher particularly emphasizes;
Third, some key knowledge that is helpful for you to understand the content of the text. If you don't pay attention to the key points, you should bury your head from the beginning of the teacher's lecture and keep writing by hand. As a result, after a class, you will get confused, and the knowledge you told the teacher is probably still confused.
Pay attention to the way of taking notes first. Taking notes is useful in notebooks and in books. There is also a combination of the two. The effect is better by combining notebooks with books. The more complete contents of the teacher's blackboard writing, such as the text structure diagram, characters and plot analysis, can be recorded in the notebook to make it clear at a glance; The analysis of words, words and sentences, the level of paragraphs in the text, controversial points and difficult problems in learning can be directly recorded in the corresponding places in the book, which saves time and is convenient for review.
Secondly, we should pay attention to methods. Symbols can be used in taking notes. There are many kinds of symbols, the most common ones are circled, underlined, marked with question marks and exclamation marks. For example, use | or |. Express doubts, etc. The meanings expressed by various symbols should always be consistent. Annotation can also be used. For example, the phonetic interpretation of words can be directly annotated on the top of words, or concentrated on the blank areas above and below the page; The analysis of key words can also be annotated in the blank space next to the corresponding sentence paragraph to explain their meaning or usage, etc. The freehand brushwork method can also be used, for example, the general idea and central meaning of the paragraph can be recorded at the end of the paragraph.
Pay attention to the speed. The speed of the teacher's lecture is generally about 9 words per minute, while the speed of the students' taking notes in class is 2-4 words per minute. Many students complain that the teacher speaks too fast and can't remember it. In fact, There is a restriction on the speed of the teacher's lecture, neither too fast nor too slow. This requires us to pay attention to the speed of taking notes and master some shorthand methods. It is a quick method to take notes by symbolic method. In addition, we can also use compressed methods to remember, that is, to grasp some key words in the teacher's lecture and summarize the meaning of a paragraph with short words. To improve the speed of taking notes, it is the key to concentrate on listening. Only when you really understand what the teacher said, can you compress and record it accurately.
Make notes in class in time. In order to keep up with the teacher's teaching, it is inevitable that there will be omissions and clerical errors, which will be difficult to use in the future. Therefore, after class, you should strike while the iron is hot, compare the books, recall the relevant information in time, and supplement the omissions, jumps, omissions and notes that appear in the pen opening, and correct the clerical errors. Modify the mistakes or inaccurate places, and classify them by numbers and discard the irrelevant ones. This will not only help us deepen our impression of what we have learned, improve and consolidate the effect of memory, but also cultivate our rigorous and careful study habits and improve our ability to analyze and summarize.