1. Understand the stylistic features of essays, and experience the characteristics of meticulous thinking and rich speculative color.
2. Appreciate the clear, accurate, meticulous and thorough language analysis of the article.
3. Grasp the author's heartfelt helplessness and sigh about things that are about to die.
learning method
Group help and class discussion; Text learning method.
Class arrangement
2 class hours
first kind
data link
The old house here refers to the ancient house in southern Anhui in Huizhou. It is a typical architectural style of Huizhou school, with tile, powder wall and horse head wall as the phenotypic features, brick carving, wood carving and stone carving as the decorative features, and high houses, deep wells and halls as the household features, which embodies the mountain features, geomantic will and regional aesthetic tendency of ancient Huizhou. It was accompanied by Huizhou merchants in Ming and Qing Dynasties. No badge, no town? This legend has become a famous school in the architectural history of China. Among them, Xidi and Hongcun in yi county, as outstanding representatives of ancient villages in southern Anhui, were listed in the World Cultural Heritage List in 2000, which filled the blank of this kind of heritage in China and marked that Huizhou architecture with important historical, artistic and scientific values has become a precious wealth shared by all mankind.
The writer is Wang Zhenzhong, a professor at China Institute of Historical Geography, Fudan University. Professor Wang is mainly engaged in the study of historical human geography and social and cultural history of Ming and Qing Dynasties. He pays attention to regional cultural differences and regional social changes, especially in? Hui Xue? Meanwhile, he is also good at writing academic papers. This old house is selected from his collection of academic essays "Twilight".
learning process
1. independent preview.
1, add some words and phonetic notation.
Shexian county (sh? ) (Zhu bu) ()
Yi Yan (pǐ) sang the pivot (g ǐ) to serve Jia (g ǐ), Sifang (y τ), County Gang (Hu ǐ), Za (z ǐ) and Invasion (Ji? N) column (sāng) capsule (tu? ) full profit (zh? ) soldier Xi m: n (Xi m: n) hongda (h? Ng) (pi？ Hands and feet.
Step 2 explain the words
Go to basics: abandon the basics and the main, and pursue the secondary and the secondary. Metaphor does not grasp the fundamental link, but only works hard on side issues.
Full bag: Full bag.
Callous hands and feet: Callous hands and feet. Describe the effort.
Serving Jia Sifang: doing business in various places.
Sing and turn the hub: sing and turn the paddle; A car that rotates its hub and carries goods; Refers to travel by boat and car.
Row after row: orderly arranged like fish scales and comb teeth. It is often used to describe a house or a boat. , arranged very closely and neatly.
Second, read the text and feel the whole.
1. The full text is divided into five parts, which summarizes the general idea of each part.
The first part (1-4): This part is the source of the article.
The second part (5- 14) introduces the practical function, aesthetic value and local culture of Huizhou ancient dwellings in detail.
The third part (15- 18) mainly describes the shortcomings of Huizhou architecture. Similar, dark and narrow, the utilitarian angle of real life is flawed.
The fourth part (19-23): Write about the relationship between old houses and the development of the times and social changes.
The fifth part (24-26): further feelings, echoing the first part, I realized the painstaking efforts of the designers of thousands of people's villages.
2. Briefly summarize the author's explanation of Huizhou ancient dwellings from what aspects. Besides, what else can you get from the text?
Emphasis: The history, culture, aesthetics and functions of Huizhou ancient dwellings are expounded. Based on the existing and later imitated Huizhou architecture, this paper introduces the practical function, aesthetic value, local culture and other characteristics and shortcomings of Huizhou ancient dwellings in detail. It also makes us feel the relationship between old houses and the development of the times and social changes. The author organically combines the history and reality of old houses, and describes the historical ups and downs and changes of Huizhou ancient dwellings in beautiful, elegant and sentimental language. In the replacement of the times, the decline of the old house is inevitable, and the author shows heartfelt helplessness and sigh for the flowers that withered yesterday.
3. Text learning.
1. Read Part I: Why? Thousands of people? For the author, it has never aroused much interest.
Key points: ① The new snow-white exterior wall of the villa lacks a sense of history. (2) The artificially integrated villa lacks the unique charm of abandoned solitary houses.
2. Combined with written materials, from what aspects did the second part introduce the characteristics of Huizhou ancient dwellings in detail? Experience the clear, accurate, detailed and thorough analysis characteristics of the article language.
Key points: 1. Practical functions of Huizhou ancient houses. (1) It rains. ? The external walls are all made of bricks, with white gypsum on the surface and the thickness ranging from 28 to 34 cm. The main purpose is to prevent rain erosion? . ② Fire prevention. ? Because of the small space and dense population, Huizhou folk houses? Scattered around? In order to prevent neighbors from catching fire and hurting their homes, a variety of volcanic walls are widely used. ? 3 anti-theft Most of the old houses in Huizhou are closed combinations with patio as the center. One of the purposes of this is to enhance the anti-theft function of the house. (4) moisture and flood control. Prevent people from directly contacting the rising atmosphere and prevent the sudden arrival of floods. ⑵ The aesthetic value of Huizhou ancient dwellings. The structure is exquisite and unique, the timbre is bright and elegant, and it is full of rhythm. (3) The local cultural atmosphere conveyed by Huizhou ancient dwellings. What's the name of Wudie Horsehead Wall? Five mountains in the sky? The closed structure centered on the patio is called. Four waters return to the hall? There are few windows in the old house, which embodies an ancient concept of geomantic omen. Carving beams and painting buildings, couplet calligraphy and painting, of course, show a strong local artistic language. Second, describe the appearance and internal structure of the old house and realize the characteristics of clear, accurate, detailed and thorough language analysis of the article.
3. Why does the author focus on the art of wood carving?
Key point: It is one of the three famous sculptures in Huizhou and an important feature of Huizhou architecture.
Further reading
How to interpret things in prose
Prose can be roughly divided into narrative description of people, description of scenery, discussion and reasoning. The most difficult thing to understand is the description of the scenery. The so-called object is simply to describe things; Specifically, it is to vividly describe the shape, color, size and luster of things. How to interpret material prose?
1, make clear the description order and grasp the overall impression. ? Things? If you want your words to have substance, you should also speak in an orderly way. The writing order is either from generalization to concreteness, from whole to part, or from total score to total score.
2. Grasp the characteristics of things and understand the purpose of writing. Articles about objects always highlight the characteristics of objects through the description of specific images, express thoughts and feelings, and achieve the purpose of writing. This is what is often said: asking for emotion, asking for reason, or asking for meaning. When reading, we should analyze the author's writing intention through superficial phenomena and understand the author's reasons and feelings.
3. Analyze the structure of the article and make clear the level of the article. In the article structure, this kind of article usually adopts the method of arranging materials according to the characteristics of different aspects of things.
4. Grasp the characteristics of the object and analyze the so-called object of the author's emotion. It is the scenery or things written by the author in the article, and it is the support of the author's emotions. Natural landscape, sun and moon, clouds, rain, snow, flowers, trees, birds, animals, insects, fish and places of interest are all favored by the author. However, no matter from what angle the author writes and what the scenery is, what he shows is the poet's subjective feelings. Mountaineering is full of feelings, while watching the sea is full of meaning. The same objective things will show completely different characteristics in the works of different authors, some are vigorous and straight, and some are delicate and weak; Some are full of vitality, and some are languid; Some are open and clear, and some are narrow and cold; Some people are relaxed and happy, while others are sad. We can analyze the author's emotional tendency from these characteristics of the scenery, whether it is love or hate, joy or worry, love or disgust, praise or disgrace.
5. Analyze key sentences and refine the theme. Writing landscape prose not only expresses the author's feelings by describing the scenery, but also directly conveys the author's feelings or thoughts through discussion and lyric, indicating the theme or attitude of the article. These sentences are precise, eloquent and make the finishing point. Some are opinions or judgments on the scenery described, some are excavations and revelations of meaning, and some are the author's emotional outbursts. Students should draw such sentences when reading, then filter and sort out the paragraphs after reading, so as to make the content and theme of the article concrete, then summarize and refine them, and explain or summarize them in their own words.
Second lesson
Text research
The third part of the study discusses from what angle the author wrote the shortcomings of Huizhou architecture.
Key points: The author summarizes the serious defects of Huizhou architecture from the practical point of view in real life. (Article 18)
Cite predecessors' writings to illustrate the weakness of Huizhou ancient houses-too similar, too dark and narrow. (Section 16)
Further citing the county annals of the Republic of China to illustrate its defects. (Section 17)
Second, the fourth part of the study, what is the fate of the old house under the circumstances of the development of the times and social changes? What kind of emotion does the author show?
Key points: With the development of the times and great changes in people's lifestyles, old houses are declining. The glory of the past and the decline of today are presented at the same time, which makes the author sigh and sigh, and then ask? How to realize the compatibility between history and reality
Learn the fifth part. The author of the article finally wrote:? From this, I also realized the pains of the designers of thousands of people's villages. ? Understand the function and connotation of this sentence in writing.
Key points: connecting the preceding with the following, further feeling, echoing the first part. The first part is about antique architecture? Thousands of people? I don't think so, but when old houses gradually disappear from people's sight in the years, modern people want to preserve the glory of history and culture. From this, I also realized the pains of the designers of thousands of people's villages. ?
Fourthly, combined with the text, it analyzes its characteristics of meticulous thinking and strong speculative color.
Key points: From the full text, the characteristics of meticulous thinking and rich speculative color are obvious. Author? Thousands of people? This paper introduces the practical function, aesthetic value, local culture and other characteristics of Huizhou ancient houses in detail from the beginning, and then writes out the shortcomings of Huizhou architecture, and then deeply discusses the relationship between ancient houses and the development of the times and social changes, and traces back to the root causes of the decline of ancient houses.
From the second part, it also embodies the characteristics of meticulous thinking and rich speculative color. This part introduces the practical function, aesthetic value and regional culture of Huizhou ancient dwellings in detail. The author's writing thinking embodies the organic combination from the outside to the inside, from concrete to abstract, from phenomenon to essence, and from history to reality. Are sections 7, 8 and 9 correct about the old house? Powder wall? What is the inquiry of the reason? Careful speculation? A good example, the author found that all the old houses in Huizhou are? Brush the surface with white ash? For Jinsheng? Afraid of being soaked in rain, it is easy to get wet. Why not draw chalk to keep out the rain, but you can't spend money on decoration? And then quote from Zhang Han's The Merchant to prove it? Can't spend money and there is a considerable gap between decoration? And point out? High walls and white houses? Is it Huizhou merchants who serve Jia Sifang? Luxury for success? . The meticulous and speculative thinking can be seen.
Course summary
Five general writing characteristics of this article:
Key points: This paper is an academic paper, which has the following characteristics in artistic expression:
1, thoughtful and opportunistic.
2, with distinctive professional characteristics and personality to be portrayed.
3. The language is clear and accurate, the analysis is meticulous and thorough, and it is full of sadness.
Consolidation after class
Sixth, do the practical guidance part of the unusual study plan.