There are two ways to use metaphors:
First, use multiple metaphors to describe an aspect of the ontology. For example:
"I saw droplets rising and falling in the sky like drizzle, morning fog, and dusk smoke." ("Listening to the Tide")
The above example uses "thin" The three metaphors of "rain", "morning mist" and "twilight smoke" describe the shape of the waves, arousing rich associations in readers. They are spring rain, filled with morning mist, and mist at dusk, which give people the feeling of wetness, illusion and confusion. feeling.
2. Use multiple metaphors to describe several states of the ontology. For example:
Rain is the most common, lasting three or two days at a time. Don't be upset. Look, it looks like cow hair, like flower needles, like filaments, densely woven diagonally, and there is a thin layer of smoke on the roof of the house. ("Spring")
In the above example, "ox hair" is used to describe the fineness of the spring rain. Don't people often say "cow hair"; "flower needle" is used to describe the crystal clear spring rain; "fine" is used to describe the fineness of the spring rain. "Silk" represents the gentleness of spring rain. The three metaphors combined describe the characteristics of spring rain, which is abundant, soft, thin and dense. ① There are cliffs on both sides of the bank, with numerous hanging stone breasts soaking into the river, like lotus flowers, like begonia leaves, like hanging grapes, like immortals riding cranes, musicians playing flutes... maybe You forgot that you are on the Li River! (Yang Shuo's "Painting Mountains and Embroidering Waters")
②A huge white lilac bloomed on the gray tiles of the roof. Like snow, like jade, like splashing waves. (Wang Meng's "The Sound of Spring")
③With a bang, Lang Ping's heavy dunk aroused endless cheers and applause from the audience, like a sea wave hitting the shore, like a flash flood erupting, Like a waterfall pouring. The audience flocked to the venue and presented bouquets of fragrant flowers to the coach, team leader and girls.
(Lu Guang's "Chinese Girl")
④Teacher Zhang has a pair of thick lips, which are often blown dry by the wind in winter and spring; from these thick lips The words that burst out are always so enthusiastic, vivid and fluent, like a seeder that never rusts, constantly sowing the seeds of revolutionary ideas and knowledge in the hearts of students, and like a big broom, Keep ruthlessly sweeping away the dust from the students' hearts... (Liu Xinwu "Class Teacher")
⑤ There is a hut on the mountain, just like a sail floating on the endless water, and the vast sky passing by. A flying goose is a bit of vivid color on a simple background, a bit of life and a bit of sentiment in the beautiful scenery of mountains and rivers.
⑥How much leisure and sorrow are there? A river of tobacco, catkins flying all over the city, and yellow plums in the rain. "The Sapphire Case" by He Zhu, a poet in the Northern Song Dynasty.
⑦ The spinning wheel always stays there peacefully, like a snail with its head exposed, like a plane that has landed and stopped... Wu Boxiao's "A Spinning Wheel" .
The above example ① uses five metaphors: lotus, begonia leaves, hanging grapes, immortals riding cranes, and bands playing flutes to describe the ontology of the hanging stone milk; example ② Use the three metaphors of snow, jade, and splashing waves to compare the ontology of the white lilac flower; Example 3 Use the three metaphors of waves hitting the shore, flash floods, and waterfalls to compare the combination of cheers and applause; Example ④ Use the two metaphors of a planter and a big broom to describe the ontology of discourse. Example ⑤ Compare the mountain to the endless water and the vast sky, and compare the hut to a sail and a flying goose in the mountain. Find an isomorphic relationship with the hut, the water surface and the sail, the sky and the flying geese, which illustrates the dynamic and vitality of the hut; in example 6, three words such as "Yichuan Tobacco", "Mancheng Feixu" and "Plum Yellow Shiyu" are used Each thing is a metaphor for the abundance of leisure and sorrow; in example ⑦, "a snail showing its horns" and "a landing and stopped plane" are used as metaphors for one thing at the same time: a spinning wheel. 1. Used in prose to enhance the momentum of the layout.
< p>In "Song of the Night", Lu Xun made a metaphor for "broad daylight" -...The current broad daylight and the bustling people are the decoration of darkness, the golden lid on the vat of human meat sauce, and the faces of ghosts. Only the night is honest.
In "Moonlight over the Lotus Pond", Zhu Ziqing describes the lotus like this - sporadically dotted among the layers of leaves. Some of the white flowers are blooming gracefully; some are blooming shyly; they are like pearls, stars in the blue sky, and beauty just out of the bath.
Lu Yan. In "Snow", the snowflakes of Shanghai are described in this way - I like the snowflakes of Shanghai flying in front of me. It is as white as "snow" and as beautiful as flowers. . It seems to be lighter than the air. It does not fall from the air, but is lifted up from the ground by the air.
However, it is like a living creature, like swarms of gnats at dusk in summer, like bees during the honey-making period in spring...
2. Used in poetry to reflect the beauty of rhythm
< p>Ai Qing metaphorically describes snakes in "Snake" -Soft -/like water flowing in the grass//fine fabric/like a wriggling flower rope//like the wind blowing Water/vibrating ripples//silent movement/with an unpredictable heart
Shu Ting metaphorically describes "oak" and "kapok" in "To the Oak"——
Do you have your brass irons? Like a knife, like a sword/Also like a halberd/I have my red flowers/Like a heavy sigh/And like a hero's torch
Shu Ting is like this again in "Motherland, My Dear Motherland" Use metaphors - I am your dilapidated old waterwheel by the river/I have been spinning tired songs for hundreds of years/I am the blackened miner's lamp on your forehead/I am your snail groping in the tunnel of history/I am The shriveled rice ears/are the roadbed in disrepair/are the barges on the shoal/thrust the fiber rope deeply/into your shoulders/——the motherland
3. Used in prose poems to support the beauty of poetry Sky
Guo Yanfei's short prose poems "Youth" and "Happiness" are themselves metaphors respectively -
"Youth" - is a wildfire in the wind and a metaphor in the rain. The flower bud is a green apple waiting to mature
"Happiness" - it is a bird in the storm, a fish swimming to the sea, a kite in the hands of a child, a wedding dress, and a reunion. Holding hands and crying
Gao Guangxia's "To Women" is also a prose poem structured with metaphors -
Women are flowers, with petals separated layer by layer to seduce men's eyes.
Women are tofu made of water, with a gurgling flow of water that penetrates the thirst of men.
Women are the south wind in summer, blowing away the hot air and allowing men to sleep peacefully when they are tired.
A woman is like a gentle drizzle that makes a man wet comfortably and makes him grow green lovesickness under the moisture.
A woman is a bright light, tirelessly illuminating a man’s lonely and dark state of mind.
Women are an unbeatable scenery, and the blooming beauty of spring makes men forget to leave.
A woman is a lovely little fish that swims into a man’s heart, so the sound of the distant tide never ceases.
4. Used in political commentary to demonstrate the irrefutable power of logic
At the end of the article "A single spark can start a prairie fire", Mao Zedong metaphorically expressed "the coming revolutionary climax" ”——
But when I say that the climax of China’s revolution is coming soon, it is by no means like some people’s so-called “possibility of coming”, which is completely meaningless and elusive. thing. It is a ship standing on the coast and looking into the sea, and the tip of the mast can be seen. It is standing on the top of a mountain and looking to the east, it is a radiant sun ready to burst out. It is restless in the mother's womb. of a baby that is about to mature.
Chen Baoping used metaphors like this in his article "On Daxing" -
Only those who call "false, big and empty" "Daxing" are sober and Sharp critical consciousness. Here, there is both a mockery of historical inertia and a ridicule of the roughness of reform; we not only see how the bad habit of "hypocrisy" appears in a seemingly upright manner, but also see how the "new trends of thought" and "new things" are replaced with images. Fashion psychology like new clothes. "Daxing" is an advertisement for inferior goods, a speech by a political speculator, a monograph by a pseudo-scholar, a wholesale "new trend of thought" eaten alive, and a fake that appears to be genuine. Theoretically speaking: if one metaphor is used to compare one entity, and another metaphor is used to compare another entity, this is not a metaphor, but a continuous use of metaphors.