Although the Tang Dynasty was powerful, Du Fu's childhood was unfortunate.
His mother died when he was three years old. Father Du Xian was an official all the year round, so he couldn't take care of him, so he was put in foster care at his second aunt's house in Luoyang. Without parents, the young Du Fu is of course lonely. Fortunately, his second aunt loves him very much.
On one occasion, Du Fu and his aunt's son got sick at the same time. Judging from Du Fu's lung disease since his middle age, Du Fu may have contracted lung disease in his childhood. My second aunt is worried. She sought medical treatment everywhere, but she was in poor health. She had no choice but to ask the witch, "Please show me. What should these two children do? " The witch said mysteriously, "Sleeping in the southeast of the house is the most auspicious." Hearing this, the aunt moved her son's bed and let Du Fu sleep in the southeast of the house.
Of course, this is just a superstitious practice, but you can see my aunt's mind.
My aunt is not well-off at home and can't afford to buy too many medicines. Therefore, every time she decocted medicine, she gave it to Du Fu first, and the rest of the dregs were cooked again before giving it to her son. Due to proper nursing, Du Fu survived, while his aunt's son became more and more ill and finally died.
This incident caused a great sensation in the neighborhood.
Because in the Biography of Women, which praises women's virtues, there is a story that when the Qi army attacked Lu, a woman in Lu threw away her child and picked up her brother's child to run for her life. Qi Jun is very strange. He asked around her, "How did you lose your child?" The woman replied: "I have an affair with my child; Is to get justice for my brother's children. I don't want to harm justice because of an affair. " Hearing this, Qi Jun was deeply moved and said, "Women in Lu can do this, not to mention the court in Lu?" So he withdrew his troops and stopped attacking Lu.
This story is widely circulated and is an example for women of all ages. The second aunt's practice is too similar to that of Lu's daughter, so the neighbors all praised Du Fu's second aunt as Lu's daughter. When Du Fu grew up, he was deeply moved when he learned about it. Aunt's character was deeply imprinted in his heart, which made him understand what selfless love is.
The influence of family on Du Fu is far more than his second aunt.
Du Fu's ancestors produced many great figures, the most famous of which was Du Yu, a famous Western Jin Dynasty star. In those days, when the Three Kingdoms were divided, Cao Wei was replaced, renamed Jin, then destroyed, and then pointed at the sword. At that time, Sun Hao, the monarch of Soochow, was very cruel and lost the hearts of the people. Seeing this opportunity, Sima Yan appointed Du Yu as the viceroy, commanding the army and attacking Wu Dong. Du Yu is good at strategy, and the army is on a roll along the way. Sun Hao panicked, but there was nothing he could do, so he gave in easily. Du Yu made great contributions and was named as the Duke of Dangyang County.
Du Yu is not only a famous soldier, but also a scholar who is familiar with law, economy and engineering. He likes reading Zuo Zhuan best at ordinary times, sitting, lying down, reading at home and still reading when he goes out. His name is Zuozhuan addiction. Later, he annotated Zuo Zhuan, which had a great influence and has been passed down to this day.
Influenced by Confucianism, Du Yu has a kind heart. After the war, he built water conservancy projects in Jingzhou. He built many ditches to irrigate farmland; Another long canal was built in Wan Li, which not only reduced the floods in the Yangtze River, but also made the water transportation smoother. Because of these practices, he won the love of the people and was affectionately called "Du Fu".
Du Fu worships such an ancestor who is both civil and military, loyal to the monarch and loves the people, and takes him as an example. He has never forgotten it in his life. He always wanted to "pay tribute to the monarch Yao Shun, and then make the customs pure". He wanted to make the emperor surpass Yao and Shun and make the folk customs more simple and beautiful through his own efforts.
Du Yu made Du Fu establish his own political ideal, while his poet grandfather Du Shenyan set a model of poetry for him.
When Du was young, he was also called "Four Friends of Articles" with Cui Rong, Li Qiao and Su Weidao. Among them, Du achieved the most. He was admitted to Tang Gaozong Jinshi and became an official during the period of Wu Zetian. He is good at writing poems and has made great contributions to the creation of five-character poems. Du Fu wrote some famous poems, such as "White clouds and red clouds come from the sea, and Li He Liu is in the wild in spring". The antithesis between the upper and lower sentences is very neat, which makes people in later generations have a deep aftertaste.
Du thinks he is very talented, so he is arrogant. On one occasion, my friend Su Weidao served as assistant minister of the official department, and Du participated in the preliminary examination of officials. When he came out, he said to others, "Su Weidao must be dead this time." The person who heard this was surprised: "What is the reason?" Du laughed and said, "He must be ashamed to death when he sees that my judgment is so well written." Besides, Du once said, "My writing is better than Qu Yuan and Song Yu, and my calligraphy is better than Wang Xizhi."
Although these remarks stem from his boastful personality, they also show that his achievements in poetry, articles and calligraphy are not low. Du Fu read his grandfather's works since he was a child, and his writing started from a very high point, taking poetry as his family style. Later, although Du Fu did not achieve the military achievements of his ancestor Du Yu, he far surpassed his grandfather Du Shenyan in poetry.
His father's family filled Du Fu with a sense of responsibility, while the story of his mother's family taught him how to maintain a correct and kind character in a difficult world.
Du Fu's grandmother, the daughter of Kong You, the king of Yiyang, is a descendant of the royal family in the Tang Dynasty and has a very noble lineage. After Wu Zetian came to power, she killed the descendants of the royal family in order to consolidate her position. Li Cong was not spared. He was accused of rebellion and put in prison. Du Fu's grandmother used to be in happy ever after, but now she is worse than an animal, wearing sandals and cloth, and her face is haggard. She walks in the streets of Luoyang every day and goes to her cell to deliver clothes and meals. Many people are moved by her and think that she is "diligent and filial", which means very filial.
But her father Li Cong was finally killed, implicating her son. Li Xingyuan, Li Yan's eldest son, has grown up and was sentenced to death for being implicated. The youngest son, Li, is still a child and can avoid death. Li clung to his brother and cried to the executioner, "You let my brother go and I will die for him." The executioner wouldn't listen. Li said, "Then I would like to die with my brother." So, all their brothers were executed. Many people were moved and said that they were "dying", which showed that they were brothers and were willing to seek common ground for death.
Du Fu listened to these family stories since childhood, and personally felt the kindness of his second aunt, so he understood kindness, loyalty and filial piety, and formed a correct character and noble ideal.
Du Fu is diligent and studious. He never let go of his own books, read hundreds of classics and poems of past dynasties, and all the books fell apart. He is known as "reading thousands of books" and has a high talent, so he writes like a god. By the time he was 14 or 15, his poems and songs had been circulated in Luoyang. After reading it, Cui Shang and Wei Qixin, the celebrities at that time, were very surprised and thought that he was the reincarnation of Ban Gu and Yang Xiong, the great writers of the Han Dynasty.
Du Fu was proud of being praised by his predecessors, and gradually felt that Jia Yi, Cao Zhi and others didn't need to take it seriously. Here, we see the shadow of Du Shen Yan. As a teenager, Du Fu believed that with his talent, the future could not be * * *.