1. "Wang Yue"
(Tang Dynasty) Du Fu
Dongyue Mount Tai
How is Dai Zongfu? Qilu is still young.
The clock of creation is beautiful, and the yin and yang cut off the dawn.
Strata of clouds grow in the chest, and birds enter and return from the canthus. (It is Zeng in the Chinese textbook of the People's Education Press of Junior High School)
From the top of the mountain, you can see all the mountains and small hills.
① To be at the top of the mountain and see all the small mountains expresses the author's great ambition to climb to the top of life. It is similar to Wang Anshi's "Don't be afraid of the floating clouds covering your eyes, because you are at the highest level" and Confucius' "Climb Dongshan and you will be small, and climb Mount Tai and you will be small." It has the same meaning but the same purpose. It was not until modern times that the poet Huang Mang (Landscape Enlightenment) wrote a beautiful line in "Climbing Xuanjian Mountain in the Morning": "You can only go far when you climb high, and the heaven and earth are in your heart."
2. Looking at Mount Huashan in Xiyue. Mount Xiyue stands in the center of Mount Zongzong, and the peaks stand like descendants.
I got the immortal's nine-section staff and the jade girl's shampoo basin.
The carriage enters the valley with no way to return, and there is a door leading to the sky.
After a while, the autumn wind cools down, Gao Xunbai Emperor asks for the true source.
3. "Wang Yue" Nanyue Hengshan
Xiyue Huashan
Nanyue is equipped with a red bird, and the ceremony is from the hundred kings.
歘 (xū) absorbs the earth spirit, Hongdong Banyan Fang.
The sacrificial rituals used by the state's family are fragrant in Germany and Feifei.
How lonely is the patrol? If there is danger, you will die.
I am in a narrow world, and I am walking across Xiaoxiang.
The thirsty sun comes out of the cliff, and the clear light floats beside it.
Zhu Rong has five peaks, and the peaks are next to the low Pleiades.
Zi Gai alone does not face the court, fighting to see each other.
Congratulations to Mrs. Wei, you are soaring among the immortals.
Nanyue Hengshan
Sometimes the energy from the five peaks spreads like flying frost.
The road construction is limited due to constraints, and there is no time to stick the stick to the hill.
Come back and covet your life, take a bath in the jade hall.
Three sighs asked the master of the palace to praise my emperor.
The sacrifice of the jade endures the decline of customs, and the gods’ thoughts bring good fortune.
Edit this paragraph annotation translation word annotation Yue: This refers to Dongyue Mount Tai, which is the first of the five mountains. The remaining four mountains are Xiyue: Huashan; Beiyue: Hengshan; Nanyue: Hengshan; and Zhongyue: Songshan. Among them, Mount Tai is famous for its majesty and is one of the top ten famous mountains. In ancient times, it was a symbol of "heaven".
Daizong: Mount Tai, also known as Daishan or Daiyue, is located in the north of Tai'an City, Shandong Province. In ancient times, Mount Tai was the first of the Five Mountains, and the mountains were the ancestral link, so it was also called "Daizong". All the emperors of the past dynasties held their Zen ceremonies at this mountain, which refers to the honorific title for Mount Tai.
Husband: Pronounce "fú". A pronunciation word with no real meaning, emphasizing the interrogative tone.
Husband: How
Qi and Lu: In ancient times, Qi and Lu were bounded by Mount Tai. Qi was in the north of Mount Tai, and Lu was in the south of Mount Tai, that is, Shandong. They were originally two country names in the Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period, so later generations referred to the land of Qilu as the Shandong region.
Green: refers to the beautiful green mountains.
Endless: endless, continuous.
青不了: Refers to the boundless green mountains, which are so vast that it is difficult to describe.
Creation: This refers to nature.
Zhong: Gather.
Shenxiu: the aura of heaven and earth.
Yin and Yang: Yin refers to the north of the mountain, and yang refers to the south of the mountain.
Cut: divide. An exaggeration. This sentence means that Mount Tai is very high. At the same time, the south and north of the mountain are completely different from morning to night.
Twilight: dusk and morning.
Clean the chest: cleanse the mind.
Zeng: Through the "layer" (see People's Education Edition "Chinese" Part 8)
Jue canthus (zì): The corner of the eye is (almost) about to split. This is caused by trying to open your eyes wide to see the returning birds entering the mountains.
Jue: split.
Into: Into the fundus of your eyes, that is, you can see it.
Hui Dang: should, eventually, must.
Ling: Board. Ling Jueding means reaching the highest peak.
小: The conative usage of the adjective means "taking... as small, thinking... small".
Coupling Sentences
Coupling Sentences in "Wang Yue": There are clouds growing in the breasts, and the birds are returning to the canthus (zì).
Chinese Translation Mount Tai is so majestic that the green mountains can’t be seen to the edge. Nature condenses all the bells and spirits here, and the south and north of the mountain seem to be divided into dusk and day. Looking at the rising clouds in the mountains, my soul is cleansed, and my eyes are tracking the birds returning at dusk and disappearing into the mountains. I must climb to the top of Mount Tai and overlook the mountains, and the mountains will appear extremely small.
Rewrite the essay: Mount Tai, how magnificent and magnificent you are! You are tall and green, and you span the land of Qilu. The preference given to you by nature makes you concentrate the beauty and magic. Your tall and straight peaks divide the north and south into morning and evening. Watching the rising clouds makes one's heart flutter, and watching the returning birds whirling into the mountains makes one's eyes burst into tears. One day, I will climb to the top of your mountain and have a panoramic view of the surrounding low mountains.
Creative background
Mount Tai is very famous and has profound cultural connotations. Many literati and poets from past dynasties came here to visit and left many poems and inscriptions. But since the publication of Du Fu's poem "Wang Yue", when people mention Mount Tai, the first thing that comes to mind is often this masterpiece. Today, there are four stone carvings of the poem "Looking at the Mountains" on Mount Tai, and there are even more people excerpting its verses. The popularity of this poem is evident.
"Wang Yue" was written in the 24th year of Kaiyuan reign of Emperor Xuanzong of Tang Dynasty (736). Yue: A high mountain is called a mountain, here it specifically refers to Dongyue Mount Tai. It not only describes the majesty of the mountain, but also expresses the author's high aspirations and broad mind. Give people upward spiritual motivation.
Appreciation of works
There are three poems in Du Fu's "Looking at the Mountains", which are divided into Dongyue (Taishan), Nanyue (Hengshan) and Xiyue (Huashan). This song is about looking at Dongyue Mount Tai. In 736 (the twenty-fourth year of Kaiyuan), the 24-year-old poet began to live a roaming life of "Qiu Ma Qing Kuang". This poem was written when he was traveling to Qi and Zhao (today's Henan, Hebei, Shandong and other places in the north). It is the earliest existing poem by Du Fu. The lines are filled with the vigorous vitality of young Du Fu.
Overall understanding
This poem is the work of Du Fu in his youth, and is full of the romantic pride of the poet's youth. There is not a word "wang" in the whole poem, but the writing closely revolves around the word "wang" in the title of the poem "Wang Yue", from far to near, then to staring, and finally to looking down. The poet described the majestic atmosphere of Mount Tai, expressed his courage to climb, and his ambition to be arrogant and arrogant, full of vitality.
The first sentence "How is Dai Zongfu?" It describes the feeling of imitation, wonder and admiration that I was so happy when I first saw Mount Tai. I don't know how to describe it. It is very expressive. Dai is the alias of Mount Tai. Because it ranks first among the five mountains, it is revered as the Dai Zong. "How is your husband?" means how is it? The word "husband" is usually a virtual character used at the beginning of a sentence in ancient Chinese prose. It is a new creation and unique to incorporate it into the poem here. Although the word "husband" has no real meaning, it is indispensable. The so-called "lifelike portrayal is in Adu".
"Qilu is still young" is the answer obtained after some speculation. It does not abstractly say that Mount Tai is high, nor does it describe it with general language such as "Cui Xi stabs the sky" like Xie Lingyun's "Taishan Yin", but writes his own experience with originality - in the ancient Qi and Lu kingdoms From outside the country, you can still see Mount Tai, which lies far across the country. The height of Mount Tai is highlighted by its distance. The south of Mount Tai is Lu, and the north of Mount Tai is Qi. This sentence describes the geographical characteristics and cannot be used when writing about other mountains. In the Ming Dynasty, Mo Ruzhong wrote in his poem "Dengdong County Wangyue Tower": "Qilu is still young, who can succeed the Duling people in this poem?" He specifically mentioned this poem and thought that no one could succeed him.
The two sentences "The clock of creation is beautiful, and the yin and yang cut off the dusk" describe the magical beauty and majestic image of Mount Tai seen in the near view. They are a footnote to the previous sentence "The green is not over". The word "clock" expresses the sentimentality of nature. The side facing the sun in front of the mountain is called "yang", and the side behind the mountain facing away from the sun is called "yin" (the south of the mountain and the north of the water are called "yang", and the north of the mountain and the south of the water are called yin). Because of the high mountains, the dusk and dawn of the sky are divided between the mountains. The yin and yang sides, so it is said to be "cut off the dawn". "Cut" is originally a common character, but when used here, the word "Cut" describes the tall Mount Tai, which cuts off the sunlight from the south and north of the mountain, forming different landscapes and highlighting the image of Mount Tai blocking the sky and the sun. It can be seen from this that the poet Du Fu's creative style of "continuing to die without surprising words" was developed in his youth.
The two sentences "Strata of clouds grow in the chest, and returning birds enter the canthus" are written about careful observation. Seeing the endless clouds in the mountains, my heart was rippling; because I stared at it for a long time, I felt as if my eye sockets were bursting. "Returning bird" is a bird that returns to its nest in the forest. It can be seen that it is already dusk, but the poet is still looking at it. It contains the poet's love for the mountains and rivers of the motherland and his praise for the mountains and rivers of the motherland.
The two sentences "When you are at the top of the mountain, you can see all the small mountains at a glance" not only describe the majesty of Mount Tai, but also show the poet's ambition and courage, arousing strong excitement from readers. "Huidang" is a Chinese colloquialism, which means "must". For example, in Wang Bo's "Spring Thoughts": "Hui will break away from the wind and dust in one fell swoop, and the verdant covered pavilion will come to spring." Sometimes the word "hui" is used alone, such as Sun Guangxian's "Bei Meng Suo Yan": "One day I will kill this Zhuzi!" That is, There are often single words in Du's poems, such as "In this life, that old Shu will return to Qin if he doesn't die!" ("Sending Yan Gong to the Dynasty") If "huidang" is interpreted as "should", it will be inaccurate and dull. The comparison between the small mountains and the tall Mount Tai shows that the poet is not afraid of difficulties and dares to climb to the top.
From these two inspiring and symbolic poems, we can see the poet Du Fu's ambition and spirit of not being afraid of difficulties, daring to climb to the top, and looking down on everything. Pu Qilong in the Qing Dynasty believed that Du's poems "should be headed by this" and said, "Du Zi's mind and spirit are impressive. Take them as a scroll and stand tall as a town." ("Reading Du Xinjie") It is from this point of view. Focus on the symbolic meaning of the two poems. This is consistent with Du Fu's "comparison between Ji and Qi" in politics, and his "Qi Piao Qu Jia Lei, short sight Cao Liu Qiang" in creation. This poem was praised as the "swan song" by later generations, and was carved into a stone tablet and erected at the foot of the mountain. There is no "hope" in the whole text, but "hope" is written in every sentence. The space is from far to near, the first couplet looks far away, the chin couplet looks close, the neck couplet stares, and the last couplet looks down.
In a poem about Huashan Mountain, the Huashan Mountain written by the author is equally majestic. However, compared with the one in his youth, this is undoubtedly a disappointing song.
Since the Tianbao Rebellion, the author has gone through many hardships before returning to the court. Now, due to the defeat of Prime Minister Fang Guan, he lost his master Yu Chen Taoxie and was punished. He resisted and rescued him and was convicted and demoted. The author has reached middle age, and except for one year when he was an official at Zuo Shiyi, his situation was better, but he has always been facing extreme hardships. Therefore, the poem also reveals a sense of frustration and hesitation. The author wrote that Huashan Mountain is sublime when he writes that "Western Mountains are at the peak of Mount Xiangzong, and the peaks stand like descendants." Although the author desperately wants to climb the mountain, the question of the word "Ande" in "Ande Immortal Nine-section Staff" has shown that the author's wish is difficult to realize. This is like the author's helpless feeling of wanting to serve the country, but always having no way to do so. "The carriage enters the valley with no way to return, but there is a door leading to the sky with arrows." The author looked up at the two sentences, anticipating the road to climb. However, this was never implemented. It was just the author's calculation when looking at the mountains to comfort himself. The situation is just like the author's ambitions and ideals, but he can only calculate them in vain and cannot implement them in the world. Finally, the poem concludes with "Waiting for a while after the west wind cools down, I will search for the White Emperor and ask for the true source." The author's ups and downs in his official career are even more visible. The unfavorable real environment made the author feel tired of his official career, and he hoped to find some coolness in the bustle to heal his pain. The comparison between the top of Huashan Mountain and the White Emperor's residence better expresses the author's frustration and hesitation as he feels that his ideal cannot be realized.
Wang Yue, a poem about Mount Heng, was written in the author's late years. It expresses discussion at the beginning and end, and describes the scene in the middle. "Nanyue is equipped with a red bird, and the etiquette comes from hundreds of kings. It attracts the spirits of the earth, and the Hongdong is half a fire prescription." A few lines say that emperors of all dynasties set up officials to worship Hengshan. The sentence "There is no fragrance in virtue" contains an allegorical meaning, expressed in subtle and euphemistic words, and exhorts the monarch to govern the country with virtue. In sentences 9 and 12, the author narrates that he fled to the South due to the chaos in the world, so he hoped to have the opportunity to go to Yue. Next, the scenery of Hengshan Mountain is described from "The thirsty sun emerges from the cliff" to "The wind scatters like flying frost", which is the center of the whole article. Finally, it concludes with the meaning of worshiping the mountain, echoing the beginning of the pen "zhili". In the sentence "Yi Yi Praises Our Emperor", Du Fu's patriotism strongly overflows between the lines. The whole poem "Wang Yue" reveals the author's feelings of loyalty to the emperor and patriotism. Even though he was wandering around the country, he still cared about the government and never forgot it.
Because the three poems have different meanings, their styles are also inconsistent. "Looking at the Mountains", which chants about Mount Tai, expresses a kind of positive thinking of using the world. Therefore, poems such as "How is Dai Zongfu? Qilu is still young" give people a majestic and majestic feeling. The whole poem forms a strong, clean and majestic feeling. Put style. The poem "Ode to Huashan" reveals the author's frustration in his official career and his inability to serve his country. However, there is not a single word in the poem that explicitly states this. We only know from "Ande Immortal's Nine-section Staff" and "Gao Xun Bai Di Asks the True Source" that this is The poem therefore appears to be tactful, meandering and melancholy. The poem "Ode to Hengshan" was written in his later years, and even if it contains some satire, it is just a few words: "There is no fragrance in Germany." The scenery described is like "The thirsty sun emerges from the cliff, and the clear light of the floating boat next to it" has a sense of spiritual light. The whole poem expresses a sense of grace, depth and loyalty.
From this point of view, the different purposes and styles of the three "Looking at the Mountains" can exactly represent Du Fu's mentality in the three periods of youth, middle age and twilight. "Looking at the Mountains", which chants about Mount Tai, represents Du Fu's radiant and enterprising life in his youth; "Looking at the Mountains", which chants about Mount Hua, represents Du Fu's wandering, active and quiet life in his middle age; "Looking at the Mountains", which chants about Mount Hengshan, can represent In his later years, Du Fu lived a restrained and kind life. From this we can get a glimpse of the trajectory of Du Fu’s ideological transformation. However, no matter how his mentality changed, one thing remained the same, and that was his loyalty to the emperor and patriotism. When he was young, Du Fu wanted to contribute to the country. In his middle age, although he was unhappy, he still wanted to serve the country. In his later years, he still cared about being the monarch and the government.
"Wang Yue" is a poem with a high recitation rate among ancient Chinese poems. Around the twenty-eighth year of Kaiyuan (740), when Du Fu was twenty-nine years old, he went to Yanzhou to visit his father and then entered Lu from Qi, passing through Mount Tai, and wrote this poem. This is one of the few remaining early works of the poet. When people read this poem, in addition to feeling the majesty of Mount Tai, they are probably more moved and infected by the poem's sentiment of "being at the top of the mountain and seeing all the small mountains at a glance", because this was the era of the prosperous Tang Dynasty. The summary of spirit has left deep inspiration to people. Thoughts and feelings: It expresses the author's ambition and spirit of not being afraid of difficulties and having the courage to climb to the top and look down on everything.
About the author
Du Fu (712 AD - 770 AD), Han nationality, originally from Xiangyang, Hubei Province, was born in Gongxian County, Henan Province (now Gongyi City), grandson of Du Shenyan, poet of the early Tang Dynasty . Zimei, nicknamed Shaoling Yelao, also known as Du Shaoling, Du Gongbu, Du Shiyi, etc., was a poet in the mid-Tang Dynasty and was known as the "Sage of Poetry" in the world. A realist poet, his representative works are "Three Officials" ("Xin'an Officials", "Shihao Officials", "Tongguan Officials") and "Three Farewells" ("Farewell to the Wedding", "Farewell to the Elderly" and "Farewell to the Homeless"). His poems were later It is called the history of poetry. During the reign of Emperor Suzong of the Tang Dynasty, official Zuo collected the artifacts. After he entered Shu, his friend Yan Wu recommended him to be a staff officer of Jiannan Jiedu Mansion and a member of the school's Ministry of Industry. Therefore, later generations also called him Du Shiyi and Du Gongbu. He was concerned about the country and the people, and had a noble personality. He wrote more than 1,500 poems in his life, and his poetic skills were exquisite. He was honored as the "Sage of Poetry" by later generations. And Li Bai and Du Fu are collectively called "Li Du".