Shen Deqian was the first of nine ministers in Qing Dynasty. He lived to be 97 years old, and he was a very important official. Although he is an honorary title, in the Qing Dynasty, people who can hold this title are as rare as white crows. Shen Deqian lived a long life, but he made his fortune very late. In those days, he was admitted to the Jinshi examination and ordered Hanlin, at the age of 67. Shen Deqian, on the other hand, is an old celebrity famous in the south of the Yangtze River, and his poems are also well written. After entering Hanlin, Shen Deqian did poorly in routine examinations. Because of the importance of Qianlong, it was not given to the magistrate of a county. Instead, he walked into the emperor's south study room and hung the name "Walking on the floor". From then on, he had a smooth journey and turned a somersault. The man never left the emperor's side until he retired in his eighties. Shen Deqian, who is so lucky, can only rely on his good poems and his sophisticated kung fu which is low-key and good at catering to the imperial edict. So some people think that it is actually a gunner of Qianlong, and Qianlong's poems are actually written by Shen. However, it should be correct for Shen to read some of Qianlong's imperial poems and modify and polish them. The Draft of Qing History also said that he changed the imperial poems for Qianlong. However, it seems that it is not accurate to grasp the knife and write ghosts, because Gan Long's poems are really poor, some are like an oil painting, and some are like rhyming prose, which is really unlikely to be written by an experienced poet. Shen Deqian, an old celebrity and veteran, has been interacting with Wang Hu for more than ten years, treading on thin ice and approaching the abyss. He didn't show any pride in "changing articles for the emperor", thus gaining increasing favor year by year, earning both fame and fortune. After his death, he became famous and set up an ancestral temple for sacrifice. However, people are not as good as heaven, and old celebrities finally survived when they were alive, but something happened later. The reason for the accident is that although the old celebrities have become old ministers, vanity is useless and they really lost to Changbai Mountain or Java Island. In any case, it is a rare honor to change the article for the emperor. I didn't dare to say it at that time, but I didn't want to be wiped out. Therefore, Shen left a clear trace of his glory in his manuscript. I don't want to. Old celebrities have to carry on the family line, which is exactly what the emperor is particularly afraid of. After his death, Qianlong used the Shen family as an excuse to cheat Shen's manuscript and exposed the stuffing of old celebrities. The emperor was so angry that it was inconvenient for him to develop openly. He found a fault and said, "Take the virtue to give the official, don't cut down the ancestral temple and serve his tombstone." All he needed was to dig the grave and whip the corpse. This crop, some people say that Shen Deqian's poem entitled "Black Peony" has a sentence "Take Zhu Fei's positive color, and the different species are also king", which can be far-fetched, and torn into rebellious remarks dissatisfied with "this dynasty". There is also a saying that Shen Deqian prefaced "A Collection of Juren Works", which was later reported about the obstacles of writing.
Poor family in his early years
Shen Deqian's family was poor in his early years. He inherited his father's business from the age of 23 and made a living as a disciple. He has been a teacher for more than 40 years. Although the situation was not satisfactory, he did not give up his studies. He studies hard in his spare time. He had read all the books such as Zuo Zhuan, Han Feizi and Wei Liaozi before he was sixteen. He studied poetry from Ye Xie in his early years and soon became famous for his poetry. He once claimed to have gained the great significance of Ye Xie's poetics. The so-called "not just skin and bones, but also bone marrow" can be seen in his conceit.
official career
Shen Deqian is eager to become famous, but such a talented scholar has repeatedly failed in the list. In the thirty-third year of Kangxi (1694), he was admitted as a student in Changzhou County, and he failed repeatedly in forty years. In the 12th year of Yongzheng (1734), Ying Bo studied Kao Hong Ci, which was reprimanded by the court and his poems were banned from circulation. At the age of forty, he wrote in "Accommodation for Mother's Day": "I really feel that time is like a passer-by, but I can't hear it at the age of forty. In the middle of the night, I listen to the residual rain, and the beauty in the distance meets at dusk. " That kind of sadness and unwillingness to be lonely is beyond words. Since he took the provincial examination at the age of 22, he has been taking the imperial examination 17 times, and finally entered the imperial examination for four years (1739) at the age of 67. Since then, he has been an official and enjoyed the honor of seven years of Qianlong (1742), and was awarded editing by the Hanlin Academy. Moved to Zuozhongyun the following year. Reluctantly moved to study, left the illegitimate child, taught a bachelor, and filled the days with officials. In the twelfth year of Qianlong (1747), he was ordered to walk in the Shangshufang and served as assistant minister of the Ritual Department. In the 13th year of Qianlong (1748), he worked as an assistant inspector, earning his salary with his original title. In the sixteenth year of Qianlong (175 1), he was awarded the title of Shangshu of the Ministry of Rites. In the meantime, he begged his parents for their lives, sealed the code for three generations and gave poems. There is a sentence: "I love Shen Deqian, and I am proud of the spring breeze." Qian, the assistant minister, sang, "The emperor loves Shen Gande, and I envy being ignorant." Shen Deqian's names "Deqian" and "Guiyu" were cleverly embedded in Poems of Giving Peace, which was once praised as an art forest event. When he was 70 years old, Emperor Qianlong asked him to discuss the source of poems of past dynasties. He makes the past serve the present and answers questions like a stream. Qianlong appreciated him very much and called him an old celebrity in Jiangnan. And said to the ministers: "My friendship with Shen Deqian begins with poetry and ends with poetry." Later, Gan Long wrote a preface for his "Gui Shi Yu Wen Chao" and gave him dozens of "imperial poems". In this poem, he is compared to Li, Du, Gao and Wang. At the age of 77, he resigned and returned to Li, living in Mudu Shantang Street. He wrote a book and gave a speech at Suzhou * * * College. He was praised for his poetry and the Enlightenment. Later, it was chartered to build a temple in Suzhou, located on the west side of Canglang Pavilion North Keyuan. In the thirty-fourth year of Qianlong (1769), Shen Deqian died at the age of 97. After the title of Prince Taishi, he received a gift and went to the fairy temple to offer sacrifices. I was honored to write a poem for him, calling Qian (Chen Qun) and Shen "the second oldest in the southeast".
According to the literature, Shen Deqian was educated by Ye Xie when he was young, and his poetics was influenced by Ye Xie to some extent, but he could not inherit the positive factors in Ye Xie's theory. The purpose of his discussion on poetry is mainly found in his book On Poetry and the preface and example sentences of his books, such as The Source of Ancient Poetry, Poems of Tang Dynasty and Poems of Ming Dynasty (later named Poems of Qing Dynasty). Shen Deqian emphasized that poetry served feudal politics. At the beginning of Talking about Poetry, it said: "Poetry is the Tao, can reason, can care about things, can feel ghosts and gods, can run the country, and can deal with princes, so it is so important." At the same time, it advocates "gentle and honest, the ultimate rule" (on the volume of "Talking about Poetry") and advocates the Confucian tradition of "poetry teaching".
In terms of artistic style, he pays attention to "style", so his poetic theory is generally called "mode theory". The so-called "style" originally refers to the rhythm and tone of poetry, and also refers to its magnificent and changeable aesthetic feeling. His theory originated from the Seven Scholars of the Ming Dynasty, so Shen Shi respected the Seven Scholars of the Ming Dynasty and rejected the police and Jingling. On the constitution of poetry, he lived in the Tang Dynasty but lost to the Song Dynasty. His so-called "style" is "the style that can't surpass the three Tang Dynasties" (on Poetry), "Poetry reached its peak in the Tang Dynasty and was well prepared", while "the inferiority of the Song and Yuan Dynasties" (Tang Yi Ji) is essentially the same as that of the seven poets in the early and late Ming Dynasty. The so-called "tune" emphasizes the importance of melody. He said: "Poetry uses sound, and its subtlety lies in fluctuation. Readers are quiet, quiet and chanting, feeling that it is difficult to write it in the previous voice, and all the wonderful things heard outside come out together. Zhu Ziyun: "Irony is based on prosperity, while suggestion is based on style." Reading poetry is really interesting. "
Literary Creation Shen Deqian has more than 2,300 poems, many of which are in praise of rulers. Make the house come, Xiaojing Pingjiang Road, and the ice-cutting trip reflects some social realities. However, it often contains the teachings of the feudal ruling class, such as "watching rice and mowing grass". On the one hand, it reflects the scene of natural disasters and people's livelihood: "This summer, there was a drought north of the Yangtze River, and thousands of miles became scorched earth. Barnyard grass is not strong, and the fireworks in the village are empty. The sky is flooded and the soil is long. Jingyi is half annihilated, why should the cloud apply for it? " On the other hand, he advised the people to live in poverty and be happy: "I have no worries about food and clothing, but I want to be satisfied." If you don't get embarrassed or catch a cold, you will have what you want. "Therefore, the lack of vivid breath. There are some works in modern poetry, such as "Looking Back at the Past in Wushan", "Crossing the River on a Moonlight Night" and "Summer Feelings", which are fresh and unforgettable and have certain skills.
Shen Deqian's poems and songs are full of vicious ponds and rivers, full of vitality and vigor. Pedestrians will feel green and cicadas will walk all the way through Xuzhou. -Shen Deqian's "Guo Xuzhou" in the Qing Dynasty passed on Xu Zhou.
Wherever we go, the pond flows decisively, while the sun is flat.
Pedestrians will feel green and cicadas will walk all the way through Xuzhou. There are 300 ancient poems, and the journey is pleasant. Yushan is only a hundred miles from Wucheng, and I have tried to travel repeatedly, but failed. Xin Chou Qiu, Jiang Yin, boat down the mountain, looking at the sword gate into the clouds, has not yet boarded. In the middle of the spring, I returned to Jiangyin, moored at the foot of the boat and entered our valley. The person on the list said, "It's twenty miles from the sword gate." Still not on the board. On the eighth day of the first month, Zhang Zi and Ye Sheng went swimming and lived in Dow. Tomorrow morning, it's going to rain, and the guests are not going. I'm cured. I can't stop. From the north of the city along the six or seven miles, into the broken mountain temple, the Tang Dynasty often built a place to recite poems. Today, the pool is named empty valley, and it is also interesting in poetry. From the broken Longxi, the mountains are angry, the ochre is vertical and horizontal, and the claws of the gods are traced, sometimes hidden and sometimes present. According to legend, the dragon fights with the gods, and the dragon is invincible, breaking its mountain and leaving. It is said that there are signs that seem credible. After walking four or five miles, the layers were stacked, the mountains were crossed, the road was smashed, and the pepper was extremely hot. There are adobe tombs, suspected ancient tombs, but no epitaph. Look up at the pier by the sea and walk east. At that time, the clouds were dark and foggy, and it was impossible to tell the sea from the sea. After a while, it rained, and there was an ancient temple on the mountain to stop and rest. When the rain breaks, take the path to the south, and you will see the fairyland: the gum and palate are towering, and the two cliffs are embedded, such as closing the silk and splitting it, and standing like a blade, which is the sword gate. Based on the sword state, the big sword and the small sword are simple in shape. The outside of the foot extends and I can't bear to give up. When you meet a monk on the mountain, ask about places of interest. The monk guide is a squire stone room; South and west are Zhao Zhen Palace and reading desk; There is a rock blowing water in the northwest, which runs like a rainbow underwater, going down against the wind, jumping up and blowing up dozens of feet. There are three rocks in the west, Shicheng and Shimen, and there are holes in the back mountain that lead to the sea. When diving in the sea, people can't name them. I know what he said, and I also want to travel, but the clouds are floating, the wind is coming, the rain is falling, and my clothes are wet, but I can't stay with my guests for a while. Young, since the mountain, tired. Born pure and cloudy for ten days, he can't swim. Hey! Yushan is nearly a hundred miles, and I passed by twice, in order to practice. Today, I know a little about my face, but I am quiet and elegant. I have never explored the calendar. I am very unhappy. However, if you participate in this world, you will get what you want. If you get what you want, you will be happy at first, and then you will be eager for aftertaste. If you can't get it, you will work hard to get it. If you stop for a while, you will have endless thoughts. Oh! How can you find the mountain by yourself? -Qing Shen Deqian's "You Yu Shan Ji" You Yu Shan Ji.
Qing Dynasty: Shen Deqian
Yushan is only a hundred miles from Wucheng, and many attempts have failed. Xin Chou Qiu, Jiang Yin, boat down the mountain, looking at the sword gate into the clouds, has not yet boarded. In the middle of the spring, I returned to Jiangyin, moored at the foot of the boat and entered our valley. The person on the list said, "It's twenty miles from the sword gate." Still not on the board.
On the eighth day of the first month, Zhang Zi and Ye Sheng went swimming and lived in Dow. Tomorrow morning, it's going to rain, and the guests are not going. I'm cured. I can't stop. Six or seven miles north of the city,
Yushan is only a hundred miles from Wucheng, and many attempts have failed. Xin Chou Qiu, Jiang Yin, boat down the mountain, looking at the sword gate into the clouds, has not yet boarded. In the middle of the spring, I returned to Jiangyin, moored at the foot of the boat and entered our valley. The person on the list said, "It's twenty miles from the sword gate." Still not on the board.
On the eighth day of the first month, Zhang Zi and Ye Sheng went swimming and lived in Dow. Tomorrow morning, it's going to rain, and the guests are not going. I'm cured. I can't stop. From the north of the city along the six or seven miles, into the broken mountain temple, the Tang Dynasty often built a place to recite poems. Today, the pool is named empty valley, and it is also interesting in poetry. From the broken Longxi, the mountains are angry, the ochre is vertical and horizontal, and the claws of the gods are traced, sometimes hidden and sometimes present. According to legend, the dragon fights with the gods, and the dragon is invincible, breaking its mountain and leaving. It is said that there are signs that seem credible. After walking four or five miles, the layers were stacked, the mountains were crossed, the road was smashed, and the pepper was extremely hot. There are adobe tombs, suspected ancient tombs, but no epitaph. Look up at the pier by the sea and walk east. At that time, the clouds were dark and foggy, and it was impossible to tell the sea from the sea. After a while, it rained, and there was an ancient temple on the mountain to stop and rest. When the rain breaks, take the path to the south, and you will see the fairyland: the gum and palate are towering, and the two cliffs are embedded, such as closing the silk and splitting it, and standing like a blade, which is the sword gate. Based on the sword state, the big sword and the small sword are simple in shape. The outside of the foot extends and I can't bear to give up. When you meet a monk on the mountain, ask about places of interest. The monk guide is a squire stone room; South and west are Zhao Zhen Palace and reading desk; There is a rock blowing water in the northwest, which runs like a rainbow underwater, going down against the wind, jumping up and blowing up dozens of feet. There are three rocks in the west, Shicheng and Shimen, and there are holes in the back mountain that lead to the sea. When diving in the sea, people can't name them. I know what he said, and I also want to travel, but the clouds are floating, the wind is coming, the rain is falling, and my clothes are wet, but I can't stay with my guests for a while. Young, since the mountain, tired. Born pure and cloudy for ten days, he can't swim.
The Selected Poems of Ci and Fu is vivid and vivid, and The Ten Skills of Cloth Sailing. I don't think there are three mountains, but I still have six generations of voices. The ichthyosaur at the bottom of the water was frightened by the quiet night, and the bull in the sky turned deeper. Changfeng flashes through Jingkou, and the head of Chu and Wu is infinite. -Shen Deqian's "Overnight Moon River" in the Qing Dynasty.
Shen Deqian in Qing Dynasty
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