I. Introduction to the author
Zhu Ziqing (1898— 1948), formerly known as Huazi, whose name was Peixian, was Qiushi, and later renamed Ziqing. He is a famous essayist, poet, scholar and democracy fighter in modern China. Originally from Shaoxing, Zhejiang Province, he settled in Yangzhou, so he called himself a "Yangzhou native". 1923 published the long poem "Destruction", which shocked the poetry circle. His prose is simple and meticulous, clear and gloomy, famous for its refined language and beautiful writing style, and full of true feelings. Traces is a representative collection of poems, including essays such as Back, Miscellaneous Notes on European Tour, You and Me, and literary works such as Distinguishing Poems and Appreciating Elegance and Custom, as well as representative essays such as Moonlight on the Lotus Pond, Green Back and Qinhuai River in the Shadow of Paddle Lights.
Second, the interpretation of words.
Cheerful: a cheerful expression
Langrun: Liangrun
Catch up: originally meant to catch up, here refers to all kinds of fruit trees competing to blossom.
Brewing: originally meant to make wine, it means that all kinds of smells are mixed in the air, like fermentation, getting stronger and stronger.
Euphemism: describes a pleasant voice.
A metaphor for elegant posture. Flatten, sway in the wind
A year's plan lies in spring: a year's plan lies in spring. It means that spring is the beginning of a year, so we should arrange the things to be done throughout the year as soon as possible.
Blowing the noodles is not cold, Liu Feng: The southern monk of the Southern Song Dynasty "Jueju" Source: The ancient wood is covered with short eaves, and the stick helps me cross the east of the bridge. The clothes are wet and the apricot blossoms are raining, and the face is not cold.
Third, the central idea This is a beautiful lyric prose, which depicts the touching scene of the earth's rejuvenation and vitality. Through five main pictures, Spring Grass, Spring Flower, Spring Breeze, Spring Rain and Spring Festival, the author praises the hope and strength brought by the vitality of spring, and expresses the author's spirit of loving life, being active and enterprising.
2. "Winter in Jinan" Lao She
I. Introduction to the author
Lao She, Manchu, formerly known as Shu Qingchun, whose pen names are "She Yu" and "Lao She" (Lao She is his most commonly used pen name), is a Beijinger, a famous modern writer and people's artist in China. His major works include the novel Camel Xiangzi, A Family of Four Generations, and the drama Teahouse and Longxugou, which are included in the complete works of Lao She. "Sheyu" is the split of the word "Shu": Sheyu, give up; For me. It means "give up on yourself", that is, "forget me". "Giving up" and "Lao She" are the true portrayal of his selfless spirit all his life.
Second, the interpretation of words.
Sunny day: (The sky) is clear and cloudless.
Warm and sunny: warm and sunny
Source: a source that can be relied upon or expected.
Vague: flexible and unpredictable
Exquisite: comely. Here, the hill is described as beautiful and small.
Clarification: This means that the water is clear.
Store: to store, store
Third, what is the central idea of this article?
In this landscape essay, the author grasps the characteristics of Jinan's being located in the north and its winter climate is "warm and sunny", describes the sunshine, light snow and mountains and rivers in Jinan, and expresses the author's love for the natural scenery of the motherland.
3. The rainy season in Liu Zhanqiu
There is a music without notes, which plays a cheerful, harmonious and beautiful melody bit by bit. Only those who listen carefully can understand its profound meaning. This is rain, like a song, a poem and a painting. Spring rain is soft, summer rain is fierce, autumn rain is cool, winter rain is calm, and all kinds of rain moisten everything and infiltrate people's hearts. Four Seasons Rain, a beautiful poem by Liu Zhanqiu, a contemporary poet who is known as the king of lyric poetry in China, is such a song of four seasons rain.
I. Author
Liu Zhanqiu was born in June 1935 in Wuhu, Anhui Province. Contemporary poets, writers, translators and critics. He is known as the "king of contemporary lyrics" for his poems, such as "Written in Early Spring Letter", "Warm Feelings" and "Joy of Life".
Second, think:
1. Why is the article called Four Seasons Rain instead of Four Seasons Rain?
(1) is more rhythmic.
(2) The article talks about not only the four seasons of rain, but also the four seasons in the rain.
Four Seasons Rain: Simply emphasizing "rain" seems dull and blunt.
"Four Seasons Rain": full of agility, giving "Rain" a certain personalization, full of interest and artistic conception.
2. What are the characteristics of rain in four seasons?
Spring rain: tenderness and vitality
Summer rain: warm and rough
Autumn rain: dignified and thoughtful
Winter rain: natural and calm
3. Combined with the full text, what is the reason why the author loves rain?
Rain has brought vitality to the author's life, moistened his feelings, flowed his thoughts and purified his soul.
4. What are the characteristics of the rain in the four seasons and what changes have it brought to the whole earth?
5. Analyze the language features of the article
What rhetorical method does the tree use to "open its particularly bright eyes"? What's the effect?
Use personification rhetoric to make the tree alive and personalized. It vividly shows that the trees have just woken up from the cold winter, the trunk is full of Huang Qing, and the young leaves are sprouting.
6. How is the text "Spring Rain Map" written about spring rain? Is it direct description or indirect description?
This is an indirect description. This passage is actually about the changes that spring rain has brought to everything. To be exact, this should be a picture of the first night of the spring rain, because it shows the spring after the rain clears up. The author's pen and ink mainly focus on the changes brought by the spring rain to the world.
7. The author said: "Only this rain has completely driven away winter and changed the face of the world." So what was the "world outlook" before the arrival of the spring rain?
The plants are stiff, the color is yellow, the air is dry, and the whole world is silent. However, the soft and silent spring rain came and everything changed.
8. What specific scenery did the author describe in the spring rain picture?
Trees, water droplets, water mist, grass, air, etc.
9. As a beautiful article, this article has many bright spots. What do you think are the highlights of the spring rain map?
Tree: "The tree opens its particularly bright eyes" to make the tree alive and personalized.
If you remove "especially bright", will it affect the expression effect? -influence.
"Especially Bright" vividly describes that the trees have just woken up from the cold winter, and the trunks glow with yellow and fresh vitality when the young leaves sprout.
Flowers: Compare the water drops dripping from the flower bud with the tears of girls, saying that they are more charming than the tears of girls, and make the natural phenomena that were originally unremarkable have human expressions and emotions. A drop of water is still so charming. What about that flower? What about spring soaked by spring rain? It must be more beautiful and moving!
Water mist: thick or light water mist reflects the sunshine after rain, and more reflects the beautiful world after rain.
Grass: Who has heard the sound of spring grass reviving, sprouting and growing? The author heard it. This rustle is heard by people who really love nature, cherish life and are cautious about life. This beautiful text was written by the author with great care.
Air: air is colorless and tasteless, so common that people even ignore it. But in the author's works, the air is as sweet as the fruit after the spring rain, which can explain to each other a sentence we have learned: "The fresh air makes me feel like I am breathing the fragrance."
Three. Liu Zhanqiu's prose has an idyllic beauty. His style of writing is natural, cordial and beautiful. Everything, every plant, every tree and every color can be easily explained, attracting you to follow his writing to the end.
Perhaps, when winter comes, people will hate the rain! But at this time, the rain has made up, and it often turns into beautiful snowflakes and floats to the world.
The function of performance is to write the beauty and charm of spring rain, write the dynamic beauty of spring rain arrival, and express the author's love for winter rain.
4. Four ancient poems
Classification of poetry,
1, from the form of poetry can be divided into:
Ancient poetry (poems before Tang Dynasty) includes four ancient poems, five ancient poems, seven ancient poems, songs of Chu, Yuefu poems and so on. Modern poetry (poems after Tang Dynasty) includes regular poems (five-character poems and seven-character poems) and quatrains (five-character quatrains and seven-character quatrains). Among them, rhyme is divided into: first couplet, parallel couplet, neck couplet and tail couplet from top to bottom.
2. Poems are divided into lyric poems, narrative poems and philosophical poems according to their forms of expression.
3. Poetry is divided into contents (themes): narrative poems, landscape poems, friendship farewell poems, patriotic poems, poems about things, historical poems, frontier war poems, landscape pastoral poems, etc.
First, "looking at the sea"
Cao Cao (155—220) was a statesman, strategist and poet in the late Eastern Han Dynasty. He is one of the representative poets in Jian 'an period, and he is good at the art of war, and has written military works such as A Brief Interpretation of the Art of War by Sun Tzu. His poems are famous for their generosity, tragic and magnificent. He is the author of poems such as Hao, Dwarf, Bitter Cold and Prosperous, Though Returning to Life, Watching the Sea, etc.
2. The whole poem "Looking at the Sea" is mainly based on the word "Guan", and the following begins with the word "Guan", writing what you saw and heard in mountaineering. "What is water, mountain island. Trees and paraquat are very lush. Autumn wind makes trees make sad sounds, and the sea is surging. The autumn wind is bleak and the waves are rough "is a true writing, which describes the scene of sea water and mountain islands, from far to near." ""the trip to the sun and the moon is unexpected; "The stars are brilliant, if they come out" belongs to imaginative writing, which shows the spirit of the sea devouring the sun, the moon and the stars, and also shows the author's broad mind.
3. Central idea: This lyric poem depicts the magnificent scene of the sea embracing the sun and the moon, showing an open mind and expressing the great ambition of reunifying China.
What must be mastered:
1, "What is water and what is a mountain island?" Two sentences strongly exaggerate the boundless momentum of the sea. Wrote the outline of the ocean prospect.
2. The phrase "lush vegetation and lush grass" shows that the vegetation is lush and full of vitality.
3. "The autumn wind is bleak, and Hongbo surges" writes the magnificent scene of bleak autumn wind and huge waves turned upside down.
4. "There are many trees and rich grass. Facing the bleak autumn wind, the author wrote about the vastness of the sea, with a faded and sentimental mood. This new realm and new style just reflect his "martyr" mind.
5, "the trip to the sun and the moon, if it is out of its territory; Xinghan is brilliant, if it is unexpected. " Four intertextual sentences, the author created a grand artistic conception with his strange and rich imagination. The author compares himself to the sea and expresses the poet's own broad mind and heroism by describing the momentum of the sea devouring the sun and the moon. This is a famous sentence through the ages.
Second, "I heard that Wang Changling moved to the Lailongbiao kiln and sent this."
I heard that Wang Changling left and moved to Longbiaoyao to deliver this.
Tang Libai
After the easy autumn, cuckoo clock, I heard you pass five streams.
I entrust my sad thoughts to the moon, hoping to accompany you to the west of Yelang.
1, by:
Li Bai, the word Taibai, was a poet in the Tang Dynasty.
From the complete works of Li Taibai.
Wang Changling, a poet in Tang Dynasty.
2. Background
During the Tianbao period, Wang Changling was demoted as a dragon watch captain. Hearing the news, the author wrote this poem and gave it to him to express his condolences.
3. Meaning:
Move left: downgrade. Huayang: Catkin. Sub-regulation: cuckoo.
Five streams: the name of five streams.
4. Translation
In late spring, the flowers on the trees have fallen, and the cuckoo is constantly crowing. I heard that you were demoted to Longbiao, and you had to pass five streams along the way.
Let me entrust my sad heart to the bright moon in the sky and accompany you to Yelangxi.
5. Theme:
He expressed sympathy and concern for his friends, but also revealed his sadness about what happened to him.
6. Appreciation point:
Huayang falls, Wendaolong crosses five streams.
The ancients said in poetry that "all scenery words are sentimental words", and a sentence in Li Bai's poetry can be taken as an example: Huayang fell to the ground and cried.
What is the function of writing "Huayang" and "Zigui" in poetry?
What are the characteristics of the first two sentences of Li Bai's seven-character quatrain? )
Writing Huayang and Falling All is the first season, and this kind of Late Spring is the season when flowers and tears fall together in ancient poetry, which lays the sad tone of the whole poem. "Huayang" goes with the flow, secretly writing the wandering feeling in Wang Changling's relegated desolate land;
Zigui is a cuckoo. In China's classical poems, it always cries sadly.
The first sentence of this poem, through various images, renders a sad and melancholy atmosphere in late spring and expresses the author's sad and sad mood.
7. Artistic skills:
* melt feelings in the scene, borrow scenery lyrical:
He expressed sincere concern for his friends and also showed the poet's elegant and bold character.
* Use romanticism, let your heart be independent of your body through imagination, or fly to the distance with strong wind or bright moon, and express your deep feelings in romantic imagination.
Third, a berth at the foot of Beibao Mountain.
1, written by Wang Wan (date of birth and death unknown), a poet in Tang Dynasty, from Luoyang.
2. Under the blue mountain, my boat and I meandered along the green water.
Hakka Dao points out that you are a guest and defines the emotional atmosphere of the whole poem. The journey is beyond the green hills, and your boat is moving forward in the green water.
Zhuan Xu: Until the bank at low tide widens, there is no wind to stir my lonely sail.
When the tide rises, the river suddenly opens and the river seems to be flat with the shore; The ship is sailing in the river, the wind is blowing along the river, and the sails are hanging high. Through the small scene of "stirring the lonely sails without wind", the author shows the big scene of Ye Ping's openness, smoothness and calmness.
Necklace: ... night gives way to the ocean of the sun, and the old year melts in freshness.
It shows a boat on the river, and it's almost dawn. Therefore, the poet sailed all night at the end of the year. Write about the scenery and point out the seasons. These two sentences can be said to be "describing the scenery, the wonders of the ages." When the night has not subsided, a red sun rises from Ran Ran on the sea; The old year has not passed, and the river has shown spring. The author has no intention of reasoning, but he has a natural interest in reasoning when describing landscapes and festivals. The sea is born in the dark, it will drive away the darkness; Jiang Chun, the spring with beautiful scenery on the river, will break into the old year and drive away the severe winter. It not only depicts the scene truly and accurately, but also shows the universal philosophy of life, giving people optimistic, positive and upward artistic inspiration.
End link: I can finally send my messenger? Geese, return to Luoyang.
Don't talk about homesickness, but homesickness is among them. Seeing Southern Yan returning to the north, I naturally thought of the story of Hongyan, and wanted Dayan to bring the news of his wanderer to his hometown in Luoyang. "Hometown Book" and "Returning to the Wild Goose" echo the "Visiting the Road" and "Sailing" in the first couplet, revealing the feelings of wanderers born in the hometown of Jiangnan and Shenchi, making the whole article shrouded in a faint homesickness.
3. Central idea: The poem "A berth under the North Fort Mountain" depicts a magnificent picture of spring scenery in the south of the Yangtze River, writes the poet's wandering feelings in a foreign land, and reveals his sincere feelings of missing his hometown and relatives.
What must be mastered:
1, "At the foot of the blue mountain, my boat and I meandered along the green water. Until the river bank widens at low tide, there is no wind to stir my lonely sail. " It depicts the scenery of the Yangtze River.
2. Necklace "... the night now gives way to the ocean of the sun, and the old year melts in freshness" contains the philosophy of new things when the old things collapse, expressing the author's optimistic and enterprising spirit. (famous sentence-the poetry garden is wonderful and gorgeous. )
3, the tail couplet "can finally send my messenger, the geese return to Luoyang", seeing the geese miss their loved ones, showing a faint homesickness.
The first couplet, parallel couplet and neck couplet of this poem are antithetical sentences.
Can you think of any other poems expressing homesickness? -"Looking up, I found it was moonlight, sinking again, and I suddenly thought of home."
6. Standing by the river, the breeze is blowing gently, the river is vast and calm, and a white sail floats leisurely on the river, just like the beautiful scenery of "The two sides widen until the ebb tide, and there is no wind to stir my lonely sail" in Wang Wan's "The next berth on Beibao Mountain".
Fourth, "Tianjingsha Qiu Si"
1, Ma Zhiyuan, born in an unknown year, with a word of thousands of miles, was named Dongli, and his ancestral home was China. He was a drama writer and Sanqu writer in Yuan Dynasty. Known as the "music champion." Later generations called him, Guan Hanqing, Bai Pu and Wang Shifu "the four masters of Yuan Zaju". He has lived a wandering life almost all his life. He was depressed and embarrassed all his life. So on a trip, I wrote "Tianjin Sha Qiu Si"-known as "the father of Qiu Si".
2. Title explanation: "Tianjingsha", the name of the tune. The title is "Qiu Si", which means missing in autumn. The title of the song is Thinking, Autumn is a specific season, and the word "Qiu Si" sums up the whole song.
The first two sentences are about scenery, and the last two sentences are lyrical. "heartbroken people are at the end of the world" is the main axis of this poem, which runs through the feelings of the whole song: crows also know how to live by throwing trees, and people by the flowing water of small bridges have a place to live, while wanderers riding thin horses can only run around on the ancient westerly road. Sunset is like blood. As you can imagine, it shines on the old trees, small bridges and flowing water, old roads and thin horses all have their own colors, but the withered and desolate atmosphere is the same. The word "Tianya" points out that in harmony with the sunset, it just corresponds to the idiom "Tianya is reduced to a person", which aggravates the sad and decadent color and tells the heavy footsteps and infinite sadness of travelers through the ages.
This song depicts the autumn evening scenery, and sets off the bitterness and sadness of wandering wanderers who miss their hometown and are bored.
What must be mastered:
Sentence 1~3: nine scenes are used to form an ink painting, trying to render a sad atmosphere and show the melancholy of a person who has been wandering in a foreign land for a long time.
4~5 sentences: exaggeration. Express the sadness of wandering and homesickness, and point out the main idea of the article.