Brief introduction of Li He's life
Li He (790 ~ 8 16) was a poet in the Tang Dynasty in China. The word is long and auspicious. Fuchang (now Yiyang County, Luoyang, Henan Province) was born. Originally from Longxi, he claimed to be "Longxi Changji". Family Fuchang Changgu, later called him Li Changgu. Li He is a descendant of Li Liang, a royal family in the Tang Dynasty, but his family has declined. He has "fine eyebrows, long fingers and long claws" and can write poems in his childhood. At the age of 65,438+05,65,438+06, like his predecessor Li Yi, he became famous for his poem Gong Yuefu. In Yuanhe 34 (808 ~ 809), Han Yu was in Luoyang, and Li He went to visit. It is said that Han Yu and Huang Fushi once paid a return visit together and wrote the famous poem "Gao Xuan Guo".
Li He's father is called Jin Su, and "Jin" and "Jin" are homonyms. The man who contended with Li He said that he wanted to avoid his father's taboo and refused to be a scholar. Han Yu's book Taboo Discrimination encourages Li He to take the exam, but he is helpless. "Does officials stupid and hasty. Although Li He should have gone to Beijing, he was not admitted. " Later, I was a Li Lang for three years, and I was not happy. Frustrated in his official career, he devoted all his energy to poetry creation. During my stay in Beijing, I lived in Chongyili and became close friends with Wang Shenyuan, Yang Jingzhi, Quan Kun and Cui Zhi. I often travel together. A little slave rides a donkey with a broken tool kit. Li Hede has a poem, that is, write it in a schoolbag and finish it when you get home. Zheng's mother's wife often says, "It's your son's duty to express his heart." . After resigning, he returned to Changgu and stayed in Luzhou (now Changzhi, Shanxi) for a while. He was sickly all his life and died at the age of 27. Before his death, he divided the poem into four parts and gave it to his friend Shen. After his death 15 years, Shen asked Du Mu to write a preface. Out of nostalgia for Li He, it is said that when Li He died, he saw that the Emperor sent an angel from Fei Yi to write a note in Baiyulou in the sky. It is also said that his mother dreamed of Li He one night and said that he was writing notes about Bai Yao Palace for the Emperor of Heaven (Li Hechuan by Li Shangyin and Xuanshizhi by Zhang Du). During the reign of Emperor Zhaozong, Wei Zhuang took Li He Jinshi as the memorial and gave him a replacement. However, due to an incident in court, the performance was put on hold. Li He once edited his anthology. There is an annotated collection of Li He's poems. I have read Li Shangyin's Biographies of Li He, Biographies of Old and New Tang Books, Xuanshizhi, You Xian Xuan He and Yan Yan in my life.
Li He is a romantic poet in the mid-Tang Dynasty, and also a representative of the transition period from the mid-Tang Dynasty to the late Tang Dynasty. Most of his poems lament the untimely birth, feel depressed and express the pursuit of ideals and ambitions; It reflects the situation that the vassal region was divided, the eunuchs were authoritarian and brutally exploited the people. He likes to gallop in the world of fairy tales and ghosts, and with his bold and bizarre imagination, he builds a ups and downs artistic realm, expressing the sentimental artistic conception that the good times are not long and the time is fleeting. He said in the "General Examination of Literature": "The Duke of Song Dynasty is in the museum, tasting Tang poetry:' Taibai is a fairy and grows into a ghost. ""Old Cold Hall Poetry "said:" Li He has too white words, not too white talent. "
Appreciation of Li He's Brief Introduction
His soul is lonely. With the pride of his grandchildren, he swaggered like a thin bamboo standing in the wind, singing poems squeezed from his heart and bone marrow. Due to the fact that his personality and soul are occupied by poetry, his life is rarely in a noisy crowd, but more in an ethereal and silent Shan Ye, with lonely thoughts, weird ghosts and beautiful language, accompanied by loneliness, thinking hard, galloping imagination and spiritual understanding and pursuit. He fused frustrated emotions into rich emotions, drained courage with hope, bled with pessimism, fought for change, sang with despair and ended in death.
In his mind, as a teenager, he was flying with an ideal ghost. As the saying goes, "the heart of a teenager should take a cloud." The ghost is fighting in the sky, smoking a cigarette and flapping the wings of dreams, eager to usher in a gorgeous red sun. For that day, he studied hard, and his chest was full of blood, sucking the dew of knowledge, singing heroic songs and saving his energy in his thin body.
He likes poetry. With the nourishment of the long valley soil, the nourishment of the long valley water, and the foil of the bamboo branch Sang Ma, his mind opened the door of poetry, surging out the songs of wisdom, winning the brilliance of life with exquisite poems, and blooming the brilliance of life with the flowers of poetry. At that time, people in Changgu often saw him riding a thin horse, followed by a simple and honest Ba Tong, walking on a country road and collecting poems in the wild. The hard-working life filled his chest with ambition, melted his emotions into the mountains and rivers of his hometown, and turned his wisdom into poems.
His poems were influenced by Chu Ci, Gu Yue Fu, Qi Liang Gong, Du Li and Han Yu, and formed a very unique style through his own casting and bitter singing. His imagination is magical and magnificent, and his words are refined, alert and concise, characterized by strange and gorgeous artistic conception and some commonly used strange words. He visited Tianhe and Moon Palace, and then discussed the past and the present. Use Leng Yan's strong colors such as worried red, quiet red, faded red, old red, cold red, cold green, quiet green and earth blue, use the angry thoughts contained in the words "extinguish, scream, roar and cry", use the gloomy breath contained in the words "ghost, quiet and grave", use the breath poured by clouds and falling snow, and be strange, romantic and bright. So it was unique in the middle Tang Dynasty. His poems are vivid, incisive and charming, which makes people feel sad, stirring, thrilling and uncontrollable. As a result, it was favored by Han Yu, a great writer at that time, and Huangfushi, a famous scholar, and gained a good reputation from China people.
His life is very frustrated. When his life bravely crossed the threshold of the imperial examination, and he was about to realize the glory of the first choice of scholars, his ideal suffered terrible destruction because he avoided his father's anonymity, and collapsed like a star that was about to shine in the sky. This contrast came so suddenly that the poet was caught off guard. Without a gradual adaptation process, the poet was knocked down at once. This kind of frustration has caused great unforgettable harm to the poet's mind, so that it has produced a very long lingering shadow in his mind, which almost caused his spirit to collapse in vain. But after a difficult psychological adjustment, he gradually relaxed and faced the reality. Nevertheless, the blow seriously damaged his mental health, plunged him into depression and sadness, and left him with lifelong trauma.
He worked hard and struggled to change his destiny. In the face of a strong fate, his strength is meager. On the journey of his life, he was helpless in the face of bad luck. Whether serving as an official as a gift in Beijing, sending love songs and poems in his hometown to die, or going to Luzhou, he always holds the ambition of unwilling to sink, eager to make a difference, eager to fight hard and eager to be strong. Although he changed his role of survival many times, he longed for the opportunity of life from other channels, or wanted to achieve something, or wanted to serve the country, but his ideal was not realized in the end. However, his ill-fated life made him a complete poet, and he uniquely completed a poet's life from glory to decline to poverty to immortality.
His hopes were dashed in the chaos. He cherished hope many times in his life, whether he tried to seize power, promoted scholars to Beijing, served as a gift to Lang in the capital, traveled south with hope, or defected to Luzhou friends. Finally, he experienced the process from hope to disappointment to heart death. He turned this process from the outside to the inside into a series of poems with profound experience, real experience and feelings, and finally cried like a cuckoo.
His death was tragic. The end of a poet's life can be described as misery. I often see such a picture in my mind: Li He, with messy gray hair, pale face and haggard face, is sitting in a cockfighting car sickly, with a sad expression and desperate soul, covered with a worn quilt, and the wheels are staggering to his hometown. He leafed through the book and examined himself. Except for poetry and that broken toolkit, all his ideals were not brought back in the realization. The cold wind outside the window is biting, the trees are dead, and there is a sad scene of depression.
After the end of his life, he wrote the fullness of his life sentiment with brilliant pride and declining poverty, experienced the sadness of the world with spiritual loss and inner coldness, shaped the lonely image with the decline of his family and the thinness of the poet, and entered the history of literature with the poems with strong charm of Gu Yuefu and Chu Sao, together with Ba Tong and Thin Horse who followed him for many years. Looking back on the Millennium, he is like a dazzling meteor, illuminating the declining middle Tang Dynasty with magnificent and immortal poems.