The so-called metaphor is originally two ways of expression in the Book of Songs. Metaphor means to say something else first to arouse the words to be sung. Metaphor means to compare one thing with another. Bixing later became an important artistic principle in China's poetry creation and criticism, that is, it not only refers to "feeling for things" and "blending scenes", but also achieves the purpose of "satirizing things" and "comparing categories to the point". In other words, the description of things should include the content of real society and deep and sincere feelings.
What is Bixing?
Biography of Poetry: "If you compare, then this thing is compared with that thing"; "If you are excited, say something else first, so as to arouse the words you recite."
-comparison, metaphor uses concrete images to explain things. In modern rhetoric, metaphor can be divided into simile, metaphor and metonymy.
Simile: Xiaoming is like a naughty monkey.
Metaphor: Xiaoming is a naughty monkey.
Metaphor: That monkey is really naughty! Monkey = Xiaoming, not a real monkey! )
—— Xing can be divided into Xing and He sustenance: first, write one thing (such as writing a scene) to arouse some thoughts and feelings, and put it at the beginning, which has the effect of triggering and improvising; Using this thing to pin some thoughts and feelings is pinning. Xing is more tortuous and secluded than Bi in performance, and his thoughts and feelings are deeper and more memorable. Xing and ratio are often combined into one, which is both xing and ratio, "Xing has ratio".
How to exert Fu Bixing to the best effect?
-Bi/Xing: The poet's feelings and ambitions are expressed through his feelings about the scenery, or through objects. Sunset and autumn wind, misty clouds, vanilla beauty, flowers and birds, trees, moonlight and sparse stars, etc. , but rarely open the window of the soul for readers to peep directly. In this way, on the surface, it seems that it is about romance and boudoir children, and the deep meaning may be life experience emotion, monarch and minister's righteousness, family wealth and personal integrity, which forms a graceful style of words and is more interesting to read.
Are there any good examples?
Take the Book of Songs Qin Feng Jiajian as an example.
-Bi Xing
The so-called Iraqis are on the water side.
Tracing back from it, the road resistance is long;
Swim back from it, in the middle of the water
The foot of my bed is shining so brightly,
Is there frost already? ,
Looking up, I found it was moonlight.
I sank again and suddenly remembered home.
The so-called metaphor is originally two ways of expression in the Book of Songs. Metaphor means to say something else first to arouse the words to be sung. Metaphor means to compare one thing with another. Bixing later became an important artistic principle in China's poetry creation and criticism, that is, it not only refers to "feeling for things" and "blending scenes", but also achieves the purpose of "satirizing things" and "comparing categories to the point". In other words, the description of things should include the content of real society and deep and sincere feelings. What is Bixing? Biography of Poetry: "If you compare, then this thing is compared with that thing"; "Say something else first when you are excited, so as to arouse the words you recite"-Bi is a metaphor, which explains things with the help of concrete images. In modern rhetoric, metaphor can be divided into simile, metaphor and metonymy. Simile: Xiaoming is like a naughty monkey. Metaphor: Xiaoming is a naughty monkey. Metaphor: That monkey is really naughty! Monkey = Xiaoming, not a real monkey! )-Xing can be divided into two types: one is to write an event (such as writing a scene) to arouse some thoughts and feelings, and put it at the beginning, which has a triggering effect and improvisation; Using this thing to pin some thoughts and feelings is pinning. Xing is more tortuous and secluded than Bi in performance, and his thoughts and feelings are deeper and more memorable. Xing and ratio are often combined into one, which is both xing and ratio, "Xing has ratio". 2. How to bring Fu Bixing into full play? -Bi/Xing: The poet's feelings and ambitions are expressed through his feelings about the scenery, or through objects. Sunset and autumn wind, misty clouds, vanilla beauty, flowers and birds, trees, moonlight and sparse stars, etc. , but rarely open the window of the soul for readers to peep directly. In this way, on the surface, it seems that it is about romance and boudoir children, and the deep meaning may be the feeling of life experience, the feeling of the meaning of monarch and minister, the abandonment of family and the feeling of personal integrity, which forms a graceful writing style and makes reading words more interesting. 3. Are there any good examples? Take the Book of Songs Qin Feng Jia Jian as an example-Bi Xing said that Iraqis are on the water side. Tracing back from it, the road resistance is long; Swim back from it, in the middle of the water The foot of my bed is shining with such bright light. Could it have frosted? Looking up, I found that it was moonlight and sank again, and I suddenly remembered home.
Jia Jian's artistic expression technique became popular.
Jianjia is one of the best chapters in The Book of Songs. Its main features are embodied in three closely related aspects: the fuzziness of facts, the emptiness of images and the symbolism of the whole.
In terms of artistic techniques, the feature of "Xing" in Jiaxu is more prominent. The images of "Sword Armor", "Water" and "Yiren" complement each other and blend into one, forming a complete artistic world with exciting things and objects to be described. At the beginning, the scene of reeds growing by the water in autumn is exactly "expressing meaning with images" and has the role of "passion"
Because of the reed, and under the reflection of the sky and water, it is bound to present a state of confusion, showing the realm of "hazy love" in the hero's heart from one side. The hero has no contact with "Iraqi people" and doesn't even know each other's names, but as long as he can see farther, he will be satisfied. "Dimness" and "distance" are the moving parts of this poem.
Vagueness of facts
Generally speaking, the creation of lyric poetry stems from the feeling of specific things, so there are always some real personnel scenes in its artistic conception. However, the author seems to have deliberately blurred all the main events. Who is the seeker? What is he after? We don't know; What is the identity of the hunted "Iraqi"? Why is he so hard to catch? We don't know; Even if it is male or female, it is impossible to confirm. In particular, "Iraqis" have no voice, no appearance and no physical appearance. After a while, he was in the upper reaches of the river, the lower reaches of the river, the middle of the water, and the grass by the water. He is erratic and unpredictable, which makes people wonder if he really exists. Undoubtedly, because the pursuer, especially the pursued, is vague, the whole pursuit of characters, events and contents becomes illusory. But it is precisely because of this fact that the artistic conception of poetry is so ethereal and symbolic.
An ethereal image
In fact, the scene described in the poem is not a real person, but a kind of mind. This psychological image is not the memory of a real thing I have experienced, but a typical psychological situation which is synthesized, condensed and blurred by many similar events and feelings. The biggest feature of this psychological situation is that it is not sticky or greasy, and it is ethereal and rich. On the Water is the artistic expression of this ethereal psychological situation. Here, the "water center" where Yiren is located has also become a virtual symbolic image because of the ambiguity between the pursuer and the pursued, the seemingly real scenic river road and the pursuit route of the upstream and downstream. We can't delve into when, where and what rivers and mountains they are, otherwise Iraqis are contradictory in the upper and lower reaches of the river, and why even two people don't cross the river becomes a problem. The success of Jia Xu lies in the poet's accurate grasp of people's psychological images, which creates a psychological situation that looks like flowers, making the artistic conception of the poem present as a symbol of integrity.
The overall symbol of artistic conception
The symbol of poetry is not the use of symbolic figures of speech or skills in a word or sentence, but the overall symbol of artistic conception. "Being on the water side" is a common situation in life. The dilemma of "going back and forth in the middle, but the road is blocked and long" and the illusion of "going back and forth in the middle of the water" are also common situations in life. People may often be excited by pursuit. The baptism of a complete emotional flow, from blocked troubles to lost melancholy, is more likely to be often affected by how painful it is to go upstream or how happy it is to go downstream; Readers can think of the situation of love and the experience of arousing love from here, and also think of their ideals, careers, future situations and arouse many life experiences from here. The overall symbol of artistic conception makes it truly have an inexhaustible philosophical significance of life.
Wang Guowei once compared this poem with Yan Shu's "Butterfly Lovers", "Last night, the west wind adjusted the trees, climbed the stairs alone, and looked at the horizon", which was considered as "the most popular", obviously focusing on the symbolic significance of life in its artistic conception. The vagueness of facts, the emptiness of images and the overall symbol of artistic conception are three aspects of a problem. From the fact to the virtual image, and then to the overall symbol, this is roughly the process of constructing the artistic conception of symbolic poetry.