1. Contrast
Set-off or contrast refers to supporting armor with B, which makes the characteristics of armor more prominent. There are positive contrast and negative contrast. "The river of no return, a man who was squandered by the waves and had a romantic life through the ages. In the west of his hometown, humanity is the red cliff of Zhou Lang. " (Su Shi's "Niannujiao Red Cliff Nostalgia")
"Tonight (Lu), look at it from the window of her room alone, because our boys and girls, poor little baby, are too young to know where the capital is, her cloudy hair is sweet in the fog, and her jade-white shoulders are cold on the moon. When can we lie on our screen again and look at the bright light without tears? The character (Du Fu's Moonlit Night) is Zhou Yu, but from the "romantic figures of the ages", the "heroes" in Battle of Red Cliffs are drawn, and finally Zhou Yu is concentrated, which highlights Zhou Yu's role in the author.
This is a technique of Chinese painting, which uses ink or color to render the image outside the outline of the wheel to make it stand out. Used in artistic creation, it means deliberately describing from the side, as a foil, to make the things to be expressed stand out. It can be a comparison between people, such as the "walker" and "teenager" in Qin Luofu to compare Qin Luofu's amazing beauty. It can also be a contrast between things. "The moon is a bird that scares the mountain" and so on. More things to get people going. For example, the moon in the river was written three times in Pipa, which set off the wonderful and charming timbre of Pipa and the sad, lonely and sad mood of the characters respectively. Another example is "Peach Blossom Pond, the depth of which is thousands of feet", which vividly sets off Wang Lun's deep affection for the poet.
Use allusions
Ancient and modern people use allusions in a variety of ways, generally including explicit use, covert use, positive use and negative use.
(1) Ming Yong allusions
When using allusions in classical poetry, if readers can literally see that the allusions used are Ming allusions, this phenomenon is common in classical poetry, such as Su Shi's "Hunting in Jiangchengzi Mizhou": "When will Feng Tang be sent?" This is the story in Historical Records and Biography of Feng Tang, which was used in the Ming Dynasty. In the Ming Dynasty, Dongpo lay man used this allusion, aiming at Shang Wei's own situation, hoping that someone who dared to give advice like Feng Tang would sponsor himself in front of Song Shenzong and send someone to recall him and entrust him with an important task. This is the embodiment of the ancient people's consciousness of worrying about the country and the people. After the Southern Anhui Incident, Zhou Enlai angrily wrote a book "roommates fight, why do you want to blow each other up?"
(2) the dark use of allusions
When using allusions in classical poetry, it sometimes seems that allusions and contextual sentences are integrated. You don't know it's an allusion until you examine it carefully. For example, the last sentence of "Jiangchengzi Mizhou Hunting" is: "Bow like a full moon, look northwest and shoot wolves." On the surface, it seems to write "hunting", describing the situation in which hunters shoot wolves with bows. Actually, this is implicit. Shooting Sirius showed his determination to defend his country from the enemy.
(3) Using allusions
Shu Yun, written by Li Bai, is a farewell school book in Xie Tiao Building, Xuanzhou. It contains "The bone of a great writer is your brush, and in Tianyuan, I grew up beside you", which is regarded as a representative of people. Through this article, Liu Yun was not only praised, but also praised. "Penglai" is the name of the sacred mountain in the sea, where all the rare books and records in the legendary fairy house are hidden. "Dou Zhangchuan" said: "At that time, scholars called Dongguan (Hou). It refers to Li Yun, the school bookkeeper. " Jian 'an Bone is the abbreviation of Jian 'an Style. During the Jian 'an period at the end of the Eastern Han Dynasty, the poems represented by Cao Cao and his son and the seven sons of Jian 'an were fresh and vigorous in style, and were called Jian 'an style by later generations. ""refers to Xiao Xie, Xie Tiao. Unlike "big thanks" (Xie Lingyun), Li Bai praised Xie Tiao, which means self-comparison. Of these two sentences, the last one praised Liu Yun's article for its strength, freshness and profundity. The next sentence says that his poems should be as fresh and meaningful as Xie Tiao's.
(4) Anti-use allusions
Some poets use the people mentioned in allusions in the opposite direction, such as Xin Qiji's "Man Jiang Hong sent Li to Shu", which strongly encouraged Li's career in Shu. The first sentence is "It's difficult to ascend to heaven" in Li Bai's Difficult Shu Dao, which is summarized as "Ascending to heaven through Shu Dao".
There are two ways to use allusions and useful things, that is, to use historical stories to express the author's thoughts and feelings, including his position and attitude towards some problems in real life, personal feelings and wishes. , belongs to the ancient express my feelings.
The purpose of quoting or adapting predecessors' poems is to deepen the artistic conception in poems, remind people and seek implication. "In those days, Jin Ge was an iron horse, swallowing Wan Li like a tiger" (Xin Qiji's "Never Meet Le Jingkou Gubeiting Nostalgia")