Hugo was born in Sang Song, Dushanbe, in eastern France, near Switzerland. His father was a general under Napoleon. When Hugo was a child, he was stationed in Spain with his father. At the age of 65,438+00, he went back to Paris to study and graduated from high school to study law school. However, his interest is writing. 15 years old won the prize of the French Academy Poetry Competition, and 17 years old won the first prize of "Hundred Flowers Poetry Competition". Later, he was disappointed with the Bourbon Dynasty and the July Dynasty and became a pacifist. He also wrote many poetic dramas and plays, as well as several novels with distinctive characteristics, and carried out his thoughts.
184 1 Hugo was elected as an academician of the French Academy, 1845 was elected as a member of the House of Lords, 1848 was elected as a representative of the Republic of * * after the February Revolution, 18565438 Charles Louis Napolé on Bonaparte proclaimed himself emperor. Hugo rose up and was forced into exile. During his exile, he wrote
1870 After the French bloodless revolution overthrew Charles Louis Napolé on Bonaparte, Hugo returned to Paris. Hugo's life works cover almost all fields of literature. Critics believe that his creative ideas are closest to modern ideas. After his death, France mourned and was buried in the "Pantheon" where French celebrities gathered to commemorate cards.
Hugo's most legendary romantic story in France is that he met the 26-year-old actress Juliet Derouet at the age of 30 and fell in love with her. No matter whether they were together or apart, Hugo wrote her a love letter every day until she died at the age of 75. In the past 50 years, Hugo wrote nearly 20,000 letters without interruption.
The leading idea that runs through Hugo's life activities and creation is humanitarianism-opposing violence and controlling "evil" with love.
Hugo experienced almost all the major events in France in the19th century. He wrote many poems, novels, plays, various essays, literary comments and political articles in his life, and was an influential figure in France.
Hugo's creative process lasted for more than 60 years, and his works were of equal length, including 26 volumes of poems, 20 volumes of novels, 79 volumes of scripts 12 and 2 1 volumes of philosophical works, which added a brilliant cultural heritage to the treasure house of French literature and human culture. His representative works include: Notre Dame de Paris, Les Miserables, Marine Labors, Smiling Man 93, and Poetry Collection Light and Shadow.
Hugo 1802 was born in Besancon in the east of France. My grandfather is a carpenter and my father is an American officer. He was awarded the rank of general by Joseph Bonaparte, the brother of King Napoleon of Spain, and was a close friend of the king.
Hugo is very talented and smart. At the age of 9, he began to write poems. Go back to Paris to study at the age of 65,438+00. After graduating from high school, he entered law school, but his interest was writing. /kloc-when he was 0/5 years old, he wrote Reading Music at the French Academy, which was rewarded by the French Academy. 17 years old, won the first prize of "Hundred Flowers Poetry Competition". At the age of 20, he published a collection of poems, Poetry and Fu. Later, he was disappointed with the Bourbon Dynasty and the July Dynasty and became a pacifist. He also wrote many poetic plays and plays. He created a large number of novels with distinctive features and practiced his thoughts.
1827, Hugo published the play Cromwell and its preface. Although the script was not performed, the preface was regarded as a declaration of French romanticism and an epoch-making document in the history of literature. It greatly promoted the development of French romantic literature.
From 65438 to 0830, Hugo's play Onani was staged in the Grand Theatre of the French Academy, which had a great influence and established the leading position of romanticism in French literature. Onani tells the story of a robber from Spain, Onani, who rebelled against the king in the16th century. Hugo praised the robber's chivalry and aristocratic temperament, showing a strong anti-feudal tendency.
1830 In July, the "July Revolution" occurred in France, and the feudal restoration dynasty was overthrown. Hugo enthusiastically praised the revolution, the revolutionaries, and wrote poems to mourn the heroes who died in the street fighting.
Hugo worshipped chateaubriand, an early French romantic poet, since he was a child. He once said, "Be chateaubriand or be nothing". 1827, Hugo published the poetic script Cromwell and: Preface (1827), which is called the declaration of the French romantic drama movement and is an extremely important literary work of Hugo. 1830, he wrote the first romantic drama El Nani according to the theory in the preface, and its performance marked the victory of romanticism over classicism.
Notre Dame de Paris (183 1) is Hugo's first large-scale romantic novel. It wrote a story that happened in France in the15th century: Claude, the vice bishop of Notre Dame, was hypocritical and snake-hearted, and loved first and then hated, persecuting the gypsy girl Ais Melar. Quasimodo, the ugly and kind bell ringer, gave his life to save the girl. The novel exposes the hypocrisy of religion, declares the bankruptcy of asceticism, praises the kindness, friendship and self-sacrifice of the lower working people, and embodies Hugo's humanitarian thought.
Les Miserables best represents Hugo's thought and artistic style. With his outstanding artistic charm, he showed the cruel reality of enslavement of working people and forced prostitution in capitalist society. However, the author is convinced that only moral influence is the best way to cure social disasters. Although there are many realistic factors in the novel, it is still a romantic masterpiece in terms of characterization, environmental description, symbolism and contrast skills.
After the "July Revolution", France established the "July Dynasty" ruled by the big bourgeoisie headed by the financier Louis Philippe. The July dynasty kept wooing Hugo, and Hugo was elected to the French Academy at 184 1. 1845, Louis Philippe made him a French aristocrat and became a member of the French Academy. Hugo's enthusiasm for struggle in creation has weakened. 1843, he wrote a mysterious play "garrison officer", which was booed by the audience and failed. Hugo was silent for nearly 10 years without writing.
1848 In June, the people of Paris held a revolution, overthrew the July Dynasty and established the Republic of China. Hugo didn't understand the revolution at first, but when the big bourgeoisie plotted to destroy the Republic, Hugo became a staunch pacifist. 185 1 1 February, louis bonaparte staged a coup, and Hugo participated in the anti-coup uprising organized by * * * and party member. After louis bonaparte came to power, the Second Empire of France was established. He pursued a policy of terror and ruthlessly suppressed the rebels. Hugo was persecuted and had to go into exile.
During his exile, Hugo persisted in his struggle with Charles Louis Napolé on Bonaparte. He wrote political satirical pamphlets and poems and lashed out at Charles Louis Napolé on Bonaparte's dictatorship. During this period, he published the novels Les Miserables, Marine Laborers and Smiling Man.
1870 When the Franco-Prussian War broke out, after France was defeated in Sedan, the Prussian army pushed Paris. At the critical moment of national peril, Hugo returned to the motherland after 19 years in exile. He made speeches everywhere, calling on the French people to rise up against the German aggressors and defend the motherland. He also bought two cannons with the reward of his work and reading poems, which showed his lofty patriotism.
During the Paris Commune, Hugo did not support the violence used by the revolution. After the failure of the commune, when the reactionary government frantically suppressed the commune members, Hugo angrily condemned the cruelty of the reactionaries, called for the pardon of all commune members, and announced in the newspaper that he would provide his residence in Brussels, Belgium as a refuge for exiled members. To this end, his home was attacked by reactionary thugs, and he almost died, but he still held his ground.
Hugo died in 1885. Two million Parisians took to the streets to attend the unprecedented state funeral of the great poet Hugo. People shouted "Long live Hugo!" Hugo's body was buried in the Pantheon.