Classical poetry, except words and songs, is mostly neat sentences. For example, The Book of Songs is basically four words, The Songs of Chu is roughly six words plus the word "Xi", and most ancient poems and modern poems are five or seven words.
2, flat and antithesis
"Ping" and "Nuo" are two major categories of Chinese tones. In modern poetry, poetry and songs, there are quite strict regulations on the use of flat and even words. Some positions must be in plain characters, and some positions must be in plain characters. For example, "Although the country is broken, the mountains and rivers will last forever, and the vegetation will revive in spring" (Du Fu's "Spring Hope") is a sentence pattern of "flat and light, flat and light".
Antithesis means that in a couplet, words with the same position in the upper and lower sentences should belong to the same category, such as "green plums in the east garden and green grass in the west garden". East and West, Nursery and Garden, Plum and Green Grass, Development and Opening are opposites.
3. Words and grammar
Because each Chinese character is basically an independent unit with both form, sound and meaning, and many Chinese characters are polysemous, and the bonding relationship between words is varied, so the words in this bonding poem are extremely complicated and diverse. For example, adding a word after the word "wind" can form many words: charm, scenery, wind and thunder, wind and frost, wind and wind, etc.
Syntactically, due to the characteristics of Chinese and the independence of Chinese characters, in classical poetry, two Chinese characters are often separated or some Chinese characters are moved from the back to the front, which is called inverted sentences. Typical is Du Fu's poem "Sweet rice pecks at parrot grains, phoenix perches on old branches". The normal syntax should be "parrot pecks fragrant rice, phoenix perches on old branches"
4. Rhythm and prosody
Judging from the sentence pattern, the four words of ancient poetry are generally two and two; Five words are two, two and one; These seven words are two, two, two and one. In a sense, sometimes there are special circumstances due to ideographic needs, such as: Shila | Wuyue | Gai | Chicheng, which becomes Type II, II, I and II.
Ancient poetry requires rhyme to make the tone harmonious and beautiful, for example, Li Bai's Thoughts on a Quiet Night uses rhyme. The rhyming position is usually at the end of even-numbered sentences, such as Li Bai's "Thinking about a Quiet Night". Could there be frost on the bright line at the foot of my bed? Looking up, I found that it was moonlight and sank again, and I suddenly remembered home. Light, frost and hometown rhyme. Usually odd-numbered sentences don't rhyme, except for the rhyme format of the first sentence.
The international influence of ancient poetry;
In Japan, from Nara era, influenced by China culture, scholars began to create Japanese poems in the form of China's poems. The most obvious difference between Japanese Chinese poetry and Japanese native songs and haiku is that a Chinese poem has four (quatrains) or eight (metrical poems), each sentence usually has five or seven words, while songs and haiku have five, seven, five, seven, five, seven, seven and other long and short sentences, which are more like Chinese words.
In 75 1 year, the earliest Chinese poem "Huaifengzao" in Japan came out. After the peak of Heian period, Ling, Ji and Ji appeared constantly, and their popularity was called "the dark period of national wind". Since then, Japanese Chinese poetry in Kamakura and Muromachi times has been continuously developed. For example, Crazy Party contains a large number of Chinese poems written by a Hugh Zongchun. The development of China's poetry reached its peak in the Edo period.
During the Meiji Restoration, almost everyone who was educated in Japan could write good or bad Chinese poems. After the Meiji Restoration, the influence of Japanese Chinese poetry began to decline, especially in the Showa period. However, today's ancient prose education above junior high school still includes the recitation, interpretation and creation of Chinese poems and languages. It is the most developed area of China's poetry culture outside China.