Tao Yuanming (365～427) was a poet, poet and prose writer in the Jin and Song Dynasties. A Qian, with the courtesy name Yuan Liang, and his private nickname Jingjie. A native of Chaisang, Xunyang (now southwest of Jiujiang, Jiangxi). Tao Yuanming was born into a declining official family. Great-grandfather Tao Kan was the founding father of the Eastern Jin Dynasty. His official rank was Grand Sima, military commander of eight states, governor of two states in Jingjiang, and was granted the title of Duke of Changsha. Tao Yuanming's grandfather was a prefect, his father died early, and his mother was the daughter of Meng Jia, a famous scholar in the Eastern Jin Dynasty. Tao Yuanming's life can be roughly divided into three periods.
The first period was before Tao Yuanming was 28 years old in the 17th year of Taiyuan (392), the reign of Emperor Xiaowu of Jin Dynasty. Due to the early death of his father, he has lived in poverty since his youth. The second period, the academic period, lasted from the 18th year of Taiyuan when he was 29 years old to the 41st year of Jin'an Emperor Yixi's first year (405). The third period, the return to field period, lasted from the second year of Emperor Yixi of Jin'an (406) to the fourth year of Emperor Wen of Song Dynasty (427) when Emperor Wen of Yuanjia died of illness. More than 20 years after returning to the field was his most creative period. There are currently 125 poems by Tao Yuanming in existence, including 9 four-character poems and 116 five-character poems. His four-character poems are not very good. His five-character poems can be roughly divided into two categories; one is the chanting poetry that inherits the tradition of lyrical expression since the Han and Wei dynasties and develops it, and the other is the pastoral poetry with few precedents. Tao Shi's artistic achievements have been highly praised since the Tang Dynasty, and are even regarded as "the fundamental criterion for poetry". More than 100 years after Tao Yuanming's death, Xiao Tong collected his posthumous writings, cataloged them separately, compiled 8 volumes of "Collected Works of Tao Yuanming", and wrote the preface and biography himself. Later, Yang Xiuzhi of the Northern Qi Dynasty added other editions of "Five Filial Biography" and "Four Eight Eyes" on the basis of Xiao's edition, and the preface was the 10-volume "Collection of Tao Qian". The Yang version in the late Sui Dynasty lost its preface and became a 9-volume edition. After that, many other volumes were published, trying to compile it into 10 volumes. In the Northern Song Dynasty, Song Xiang republished the 10-volume "Collection of Tao Qian", which was the earliest published version of Tao's poems. None of the above books have been handed down. The earliest versions available today are several from the Southern Song Dynasty to the early Yuan Dynasty. The main ones include: two volumes of poems and essays collected by Zeng, published in the third year of Shaoxi in the Southern Song Dynasty, with a shadowed version of the Guangxu of the Qing Dynasty; a 10-volume collection of Jiguge, published in the Southern Song Dynasty, with a printed version of the Qing Dynasty; an 8-volume collection of Jiao □, published in the Southern Song Dynasty, with Jiao's Ming version, the 5 volumes of "Tao Ji" in today's "Seventy-two Collections of Han and Wei Dynasties" are also the Song version of Jiao's version. In addition, there are also the "Poems of Mr. Dongpo and Tao Yuanming" published in the Song Dynasty and the large-character version written by Su in the Yuan Dynasty. The first person to annotate Tao's poems was Tang Han of the Southern Song Dynasty. After the Yuan Dynasty, the number of annotations and commentaries increased day by day. In the early Yuan Dynasty, there are 10 volumes of Li Gonghuan's "Annotations on Tao Yuanming Collection": it is common to have photocopies of four series. In the Qing Dynasty, Tao Shu annotated 10 volumes of "The Collection of Mr. Jingjie", which is available in the family journal version and the literary and ancient book publishing house typesetting version. The "Tao Jingjie Poetry Notes" written by Gu Zhi in recent times is available in the "Yulou Series" version and the "Debingtang Five Types" version, the latter is called the "Tao Jingjie Poetry Notes Final Version".
Give you a few websites
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