Poets such as Li Bai, Du Fu, Wang Wei and Gao Shi died in Dali, Tang Daizong (766 ~ 779). At this time, most of the poets who were active in the field of poetry were poets with high status. Although they experienced the chaos of Kaiyuan Prosperity and Tianbao, they lacked understanding of the turning point of the times and the mission of literati. They have neither the majestic atmosphere of Li Bai nor the profound realism of Du Fu. Most of them show indifferent and quiet tastes and lonely and cold moods, and they are exhausted in their bones.
Ten gifted scholars in Dali were ten poets who were active in Chang 'an and Luoyang at that time, namely Li Duan, Lu Lun, Ji Zhongfu, Han Han (Hong), Qian Qi, Si Kongshu, Miao Fa, Cui Yao, Geng Kun (Wei) and Xia Houshen.
They are familiar with the rhythm of poetry and are good at five-character modern poetry. Most of its contents are gifts, entertainment, farewell and scenery writing, showing a tendency to avoid realistic contradictions and emphasize formal beauty. They contributed to the refinement of poetic rhythm and realm, but they were far from the prosperous Tang Dynasty.
In addition to the ten gifted scholars, there are also local official poets who have worked in Jiangnan for a long time. Their works mainly describe landscapes, showing the artistic characteristics of elegance and leisure. Wei and Liu Changqing are among them.
Wei (737 ~ 79 1) was born in Jinan, a famous family in Guanzhong, and his father was famous for his painting skills. As a teenager, he served Xuanzong in the position of Sanweilang. During the Anshi Rebellion, he neglected his duty and began to study diligently. In 764, he was awarded Luoyang Cheng, and later served as the secretariat of Chuzhou, Jiangzhou and Suzhou.
His early poems are vigorous, vigorous and clear, and have the charm of prosperous Tang Dynasty. However, after leaving Luoyang City, his works are full of political frustration and disappointment, and with the influence of Buddhism and Taoism, most of them are indifferent and refined, leisurely and elegant.
Wei's poetry pursues calm, clear and natural beauty in artistic conception, coherence and fluency in implication, and pays attention to tempering and deliberation in word selection and sentence formation, which combines the strengths of Tao Yuanming and forms his own style. His poems are close to Wang Wei's, but his idea is refined and delicate, which is different from Wang Wei's ethereal spirit from Zen.
Liu Changqing (726 ~? ) In his early years, his family was poor, he lived in seclusion in Songshan, and he worked as a scholar in Tianbao for eleven years. He was demoted twice and spent most of his life in adversity. Therefore, in addition to loneliness, his works also add some sadness.
During this period, Li Yi was famous for frontier poems.
Li Yi (748 ~ 829? ), Dali four years (769), Jinshi, joined the army 18 years, half of them were in the army. In his later years, he served as the minister of rites.
Yanzhou (Wuyuan) is an important town that Tang and Tubo fought for many times. The author painted the scenery of Yinmaquan with bright colors, expressing the joy of regaining lost ground and reverence for border guards. The tone of the whole poem is positive, but the ending reveals sadness, which is inevitably influenced by the period of suppressing sadness over the years.
Zhenyuan (785 ~ 805) was the low tide of Tang poetry creation, with few famous works. Its function is mainly to connect the preceding with the following, the poetic climax of Yuanhe period and the contention of hundred schools of thought, which can also be found in the works of this period.
Yuanhe (806 ~ 820) was a native of Tang Xianzong Spring Calendar. During this period, there was a brief unification in the Tang Dynasty, which was called "Yuan and Zhongxing".
In this "golden age", which started from the Anshi Rebellion, many scholars are full of energy and want to make a difference. Influenced by the social atmosphere, many writers are dissatisfied with the poetic style of Dali and Zhenyuan, and begin to explore their own new creative path, mainly in three aspects:
First of all, the aesthetic concept of poetry has changed, moving towards novelty and popularity.
Secondly, poetry advocates, that is, "for the time, for things" and subjective lyricism.
Finally, in terms of poetic techniques, we should strive to make a breakthrough, or create by transforming Yuefu, or break the inherent structure of poetry and use the structure and content of prose for reference to transform poetry.
Yuanhe poetry has made great achievements. Han Meng's poetry school and Bai Yuan's poetry school were like the sun and the moon competing for glory at that time, which not only had a great influence at that time, but also had an important influence on later generations. This period is called the "three yuan" of poetry circles by Yuan Jia in the Southern Song Dynasty and Yuan Jia in the Northern Song Dynasty.