"Clapping over the railing" comes from Xin Qiji's Hidden Water Dragon, and Wang Bizhi recorded in the Song Dynasty's Tan Lu of Swallows in Lushui that Liu Mengjie, who was "at odds with the world", often stood still by the railing, thinking about the world, sighing alone or patting the railing with his hand. There is a poem that says, "I miss reading for forty years, get drunk several times, and pat the railing." Therefore, "patting the railing" often refers to patting the railing to vent unspeakable depression. The author believes that the most appropriate topic for creating the statue of Xin Qiji is "shooting all over the railing". In the deafening sound of the poet patting the railing, we read out Xin Qiji's real complex feelings: dissatisfaction, resentment, anxiety, chagrin, impatience, waiting and expectation. ...
This article is a biography. The author portrays an all-powerful and ill-fated patriotic poet Xin Qiji, revealing how Xin Qiji became a patriotic poet from a patriot and why.
The first paragraph of the article is a summary of the full text, telling readers that the full text is about how Xin Qiji became a patriotic poet from a patriot, and how this process determines his uniqueness and unique position in the history of literature. Firstly, the author puts Xin Qiji in the historical background of China, grasps his characteristics of "starting with martial arts and ending with literature", and highlights his uniqueness and uniqueness in the history of China literature.
The main part of the article is interwoven with the introduction of Xin Qiji's life and the evaluation of his poetry creation.
When introducing Xin Qiji's life experience, the author mainly focuses on his following experiences:
One is his professional experience. This introduction is full of magical colors. He chased the thief who stole the seal alone, jumped into the enemy camp with a horizontal knife, and captured the rebel general alive before he was freed from a bloody and brave warrior. Who is a great writer with this ability in the history of China?
The second is his experience as an official. The author introduced this with data: "He lived as a subject of the Southern Song Dynasty for 45 years, but he was idle for nearly 20 years. During these 20 years of intermittent use, he was frequently transferred for 37 times." The author objectively analyzed the reasons why Xin Qiji was not liked by the imperial court after returning to the south:
First, he loves the country, the people and the court too much, so the court is afraid of him, bothers him and avoids him;
Secondly, he worked very hard and was a workaholic, so he attracted many slanders, even saying that he was guilty of dictatorship, and the emperor abandoned him after using it;
Third, he loves to give ideas. For 45 years, he kept reading and nagging, demanding to kill thieves and recover lost ground. How can this not offend the master and the court? These characteristics of Xin Qiji are advantages and great advantages today, but in the view of the court at that time, they all became annoying shortcomings and intolerable shortcomings. So he can only beat the railing and sing poems to express his hatred.
The third is his mental journey. From a battlefield hero's yearning for the barracks to a wanderer's questioning of heaven, from the heart disease of "the lack of gold is not round, the mountains and rivers are broken" to the inner pain of "hard work, pain, total pain, hard work", there are tragic cries, regrets and helpless self-mockery.
When introducing Xin Qiji's life experience, the author quoted his eight sentences, almost all of which are Xin Qiji's representative works. When the author quoted these words, he neither quoted nor appreciated them in detail, but made an accurate comment on the fate of the characters. The author first evaluates Xin Qiji's helplessness in writing from being a soldier to abandoning the army: "After returning to the south, he immediately lost his steel sword, leaving only a soft wool pen, and he never had a chance to run on the battlefield again, but he could only write down the tears of dragons and snakes on paper, leaving history with tragic cries, sorry sighs and helpless self-mockery." There is a contrast between "steel sword" and "wool soft pen", and there is a contrast between "rushing to the battlefield" and "writing dragons and snakes". We also really feel the author's sympathy and regret for the poet through the words "only" and "tears".
The author mainly comments on the lyrics and readers' feelings. When quoting Broken Array, the author said, "I feel a kind of awe-inspiring murderous look and majestic momentum"; When the author quoted water, he said, "What Xin Qiji made here was a plaintive cry"; When quoting Bodhisattva Man, the author explained that "he has only one heart disease: lack of gold, full moon, broken mountains and rivers, and uneasy heart"; When quoting Yong Yu Le, the author reminds readers that Xin Qiji is "laughing at his own name"; When quoting Fishing, the author sighed with emotion, "Today, when we read it, every word is shocking, making you feel like a drop of blood or a line of tears"; Quoting Shuidiao Tou tells us that Xin Qiji is "chewing his loneliness"; When quoting Two Ugly Slaves, it seems to be the style of words, which still reveals the characteristics of Xin Ci, which is "in the faint artistic beauty, but contains profound political and life philosophy". A few words hit the nail on the head.
The main part of the article skillfully combines the fate of the characters, works, the author's reading feelings and comments, which makes it interesting to read.
In the last part of the article, that is, the last section, the author points out the reason why the topic is "patting the railing all over", responds to the beginning, and reveals the reason why Xin Qiji has matured from a patriot to a patriotic poet with a sigh.
The comments in this paragraph are very vivid. Xin Qiji's success in the field of Ci poetry is completely forced by what he calls "nine steaming and nine drying", "cooking and frying" and "tempering". The "slanting hit" of history destroyed a brave warrior, but made an eternal poet.
This is a biographical essay full of masculinity, and there are many places worth learning in writing:
First, Lenovo has money.
This paper reveals the mental journey of ancient literary masters. It is not enough to have historical materials and the author's own works, but also to have bold association and imagination. This is the case with the author of this article. Or from Xin Qiji's deeds, think of his lyrics; Or through his words, think of his time, his deeds and inner world and so on.
For example, after the third paragraph briefly described Xin Qiji's experience of returning to the south, I remembered his words of "broken fighter" and "hidden water dragon", quoted and commented on them, showing the image of a patriotic general who longed to return to the battlefield and kill thieves and bandits, but his ambition was hard to pay. Then, I naturally thought of a question: why did Xin Qiji not be liked by the court after returning to the south? The author quotes Xin Qiji's own words, outlines his deeds and court mentality, and uncovers the mystery. This is that he is too patriotic, the people are too patriotic, and the court is too patriotic. He is always ready to rush ahead whenever he has the opportunity to upset the Lord and the court of Gou' an and cause slander. The emperor will abandon him. For another example, the name "abandoning illness" is associated with his heart disease of worrying about the country and the people and his poems expressing this concern for the country and the people. In a word, the author shows Xin Qiji's mental journey from a patriot to a patriotic poet through association and imagination.
Second, evaluation and inheritance.
Most of Liang Heng's character essays are about outstanding figures and ghosts. Most of them are famous and well-known great men in the universe, and there are also literati who shocked the world and passed down from generation to generation. However, these figures, who span a thousand years and a hundred years, have come alive from the author's pen. In Liang Heng's prose, both sense and reason are emphasized. The characters he wrote are re-evaluated on the basis of the conclusions that have been made for thousands of years, and this evaluation is not uniform. People all agree that Xin Qiji is a great poet, but Liang Heng is the first person who can judge Xin Qiji's ci and people's "uniqueness among literati and unique position in history" from his life experience and career development history. The author also comments on Xin Qiji with Guo Moruo's comments on Chen Yi that "generals are poets" and that "poets are soldiers and soldiers are politicians". It is the common people's judgment that Xin Qiji is a "poet" or a "warrior", and it is Liang Heng's original opinion that Xin Qiji is a "politician". Liang Heng said, "His words are soybean milk juice ground between the big millstones of politics. He was ruled by martial arts and literature, and he was always in the contradiction between being born and joining the WTO, suffering from being used or abandoned. " The author also compares Xin Qiji's politics with those of Tao Yuanming and Bai Juyi, showing Xin Qiji's political devotion and enthusiasm. He can reinterpret a character from the depths of human nature. In the last paragraph of the article, when analyzing the inevitability that Xin Qiji embarked on the road of poetry creation, the author made such a vivid comment: "Nine steamed nine fried, a hundred tempered. The historical situation, national hatred, the struggle between good and evil, the entanglement of love and hate, the accumulation of knowledge, the casting of feelings, the sublimation of art and the beating of words are all in his chest and in his mind, such as the rolling and expansion of magma in the earth's crust and the accumulation of shocks. Since this energy can't be transformed into the power of sword and gun, it can only be injected into poetry and transformed into poetry. He didn't want to be a poet, but the military and political roads were blocked and history forced him to be a poet. Finally, he was cultivated and sighed, which is also a good word. " Liang, a famous writer, said when talking about a collection of essays: "I am convinced that the reflection on history is definitely more profound and comprehensive than the above chapters he wrote." His later publications, The Last Guilty Hero, Looking for the Ferry, Looking for the Ferry and Where to Cross, and Shooting All over the Railway, all proved this point. As soon as his thoughts swam farther into history, and as soon as he had an open dialogue with those figures in the historical period, they became sparks. Words are sometimes full of passion; Sometimes sigh; Sometimes ask questions; Sometimes ridicule, appearance eldest brother make public ... "
Generally speaking, it is easier to write "thoughts" than "beauty" about events and people closely related to politics. The common fault is more serious and not very lively. Liang Heng has made a great breakthrough in this respect, making "thought and aesthetic feeling" harmonious and unified. He is like a master cook. He will only be satisfied if he makes "color, fragrance, taste and shape". His comments are not abstract generalizations and dry dogmas at all, but vivid and aesthetic. For example, "after returning to the south, he immediately lost his steel sword, leaving only a soft wool pen, and he never had a chance to run on the battlefield again, and his blood spilled on his shirt, so he could only brush away the dragon and snake and shed tears on the paper"; Words like "Xin Qiji" are not written with a pen, but carved with a knife. He will always remain in history and his own poems as a battlefield hero and patriotic general "; There is also "asking for heaven is like bending, and anger is like work." He faces the river, looks at Chang 'an, climbs dangerous buildings, pats railings, and can only cry. " How beautiful these words are, and it makes people sad to read them.
Third, make good use of contrast.
Contrast is one of the common artistic techniques used by writers, and Liang Heng is no exception. In this article, he used contrast in many places to make the characters more vivid and prominent. The first comparison is that after the quotation of the broken array, the author first compares it with Yue Fei's Manjianghong, and thinks that only Manjianghong can match it, and then with Du Fu's "shoot the horse first, catch the thief first, catch the king first" and Lu Lun's "I chase it, the horse is light and heavy, and the bow and sword are negative for snow", and thinks that "these are all imagination, expression and description on the sidelines". The second contrast is to compare his political experience with that of Tao Yuanming and Bai Juyi. He believes that Xin Qiji "treats politics" and "does not dabble in politics like Tao Yuanming; Unlike Bai Juyi, he has been in office for a long time and is also a politician. " Because "he has a heart that he can't let go and can't shut up, which is bigger and hotter than the sky; He has the strength to practice early, but he can't hold back and can't finish practicing. " He "doesn't care about' five measures of rice' and is not afraid of rumors." Therefore, "whenever the situation is ups and downs, he is busy, ups and downs, big advances and big retreats." The third comparison is between Xin Qiji's boldness and Su Dongpo's boldness. Su Xin is a representative of the bold school, so in the history of literature, people called "Su Xin" as "the bold school", but Liang Heng saw similarities and differences. He believes: "Su's boldness only ends in the realm of' gone forever', and the landscape is also vast." Because "Su was in the heyday of the Northern Song Dynasty, there was no national hatred and revival to refine his ci soul, nor did Hu and Jin Geming strengthen his ci power". And "only when a real poet is squeezed, twisted, twisted, burned and beaten by political events (including social, ethnic and military contradictions) can he get a feeling that conforms to the historical trend and become the embodiment of justice. Poetry, too, can only fly, burn, explode and turn a deaf ear. "Xin Qiji's poem is such a poem. The fourth contrast is to compare Xin Qiji's graceful words with those of Liu Yong and Li Qingzhao. He believes that "Liu and Li's deep affection and melancholy only stop at' holding hands and looking at each other with tears' and' the rain of phoenix trees', while Xin's graceful and sorrowful pen contains profound political and life philosophy in the subtle artistic beauty". These are very insightful and incisive words.
These comparisons include the comparison of works' contents, the comparison of characters experience and the comparison of works' styles. The objects of these comparisons seem similar, but there are also some differences. He who can see the similarities and differences is the real master.
Someone once called Liang Heng the "Kuyin School". How to "lament"? Liang Heng revealed that "Pat the railing all over" has been written for three years. "Find a ferry, find a ferry, where to cross? I have been writing for 6 years, and Zhou Enlai has been around for 20 years. " Since his article Jinci was selected into middle school textbooks more than 20 years ago, there have been "Summer Sense" and "Looking for a ferry, looking for a ferry, where to cross? Other works were selected into middle school Chinese textbooks. Now "Shoot the railing all over" has been selected as the teaching material. It is said that he is the most selected textbook among living writers. Why "lament"? Mainly forced by himself, because his requirements for prose creation are "memorization", that is, what he writes is for people to recite. 1200 years ago, Du Fu said, "If you don't say something amazing, you will never stop." According to his meaning, Liang Heng said: If the words are not amazing, they will never stop, and if there is nothing new, they will not be filmed. Writing a book should be handed down from generation to generation, and doing things should be unprecedented.
Mount Tai: When it comes to writing articles about Mount Tai, the most famous one is Mount Tai in the Rain written by Mr. Li Jianwu. I vaguely remember that Mr. Li's article described the cultural landscape of Mount Tai in detail, and his travel notes were clearly written. However, reading Liang Heng's "Taishan-Talk with Heaven" is fresh, as if he had never known Taishan in essence, but now he was suddenly pushed to the top of Daiyue by the author. This feeling is entirely due to the author's unexpected generosity. The author changed the traditional writing style of travel prose, but went straight to the top of the mountain, looked up at the sky, talked with heaven and man, frankly expressed the majesty of Mount Tai and expressed the dignity of life.