Overview of the work
Name of the work: Sending Han to the Fourteenth Jiangdong Province
Era of Creation: Tang Dynasty
Author: Du Fu
p>Genre of the work: seven-character rhyme poem
Original text of the work
Lao Laiyi was not seen in the war, and he lamented that everything in the world was wrong.
I have no family to look for my younger siblings. Where can you visit Tingwei now?
The Huangniu Gorge is quiet and the beach is quiet, and the Baima River is cold and the shadows of the trees are sparse.
Everyone needs to work hard to say goodbye, as they may not be able to return home together.
Appreciation of the work
This seven-character poem was written in the late autumn of 761 AD (the second year of the Yuan Dynasty) by Emperor Suzong of the Tang Dynasty, when Du Fu was in Chengdu. The Anshi Rebellion has not yet been put down, and Shi Chaoyi is bucking the trend. Although the Jiangdong (lower reaches of the Yangtze River) area did not suffer from military disasters, a great famine occurred in the Jianghuai River in September. Coupled with the severe exploitation by the rulers, riots broke out and starved to death everywhere. This poem was written by the poet when he was sending Han Shishi away to Jiangdong to visit relatives on the banks of the Baima River in Shuzhou near Chengdu. In the deep farewell, he revealed his vast thoughts about the difficult times and worries about the national calamity.
The beginning of the poem is extraordinary, and there is a sense of depression in its vigor. The poet lamented the beautiful story about Lao Laizi's colorful clothes and entertaining relatives in ancient times. However, at his time, with wars everywhere, it was difficult to find it. This captures the meaning of the question from the side and highlights the background.
In the second sentence, the line of the poem continues to develop along the lines of deep emotion, breaking through the scope of the family love of "not seeing Lao Laiyi" and focusing on the entire era. The Anshi Rebellion caused great damage to society, and the prosperous age of Kaiyuan was gone forever. The poet deeply felt that everything in the world had been turned upside down, with turmoil, destruction and disaster everywhere, and he couldn't help but sigh. The three words "everything is wrong" contain the huge vicissitudes of the world, summarize the bitter human tragedy, and show the poet's deep thoughts and feelings of concern for the country and the people.
The third and fourth sentences closely follow "everything is wrong" and further clarify the meaning of the question. Sending friends to visit relatives can't help but evoke the poet's nostalgia for his compatriots. In the turmoil, the poet and his siblings were separated for a long time, and their life and death were uncertain. Having a family meant being homeless. This is also an example of "everything is wrong". In comparison, Han Shishi seemed much luckier. However, Han Shisi had been separated from his parents for a long time, and the Jiangdong area was not peaceful. The "visit to Tingwei" might still have some twists and turns. Therefore, the poet used a swaying question to express his concern for Han Shishi's trip, and his feelings were very sincere. At the same time, it was revealed that because it was a troubled time at the time, Han Shishi's future could not help but feel uncertain. This couplet is a flowing pair of back and forth, starting from the poet's own "homeless looking for brothers and sisters", leading to the other party's "where to visit the court", the guest and the host are clear, the message is far-reaching, and there is a wonderful flow of energy.
Han Shishi finally left. The fifth and sixth sentences describe the poet's reverie and melancholy when breaking up. The poet stood at the head of the White Horse River, watching Han Shisi board the ship and unmoor, sail away, and gradually disappear among the water, light and mountain shadows. He was still meditating. Han Shishi mainly took the Yangtze River waterway, and Huangniu Gorge to the west of Yichang was the only place he must pass. At this time, the poet's ears seemed to hear the sound of flowing water in Huangniu Beach under the gorge. The scenery at the head of Baima River was a real scene, while Huangniu Gorge was a virtual scene in the author's imagination. The virtual and the real complement each other, and are full of the author's farewell to his friends. Affection. The sound of the water echoed endlessly, and the boat Han Shishi was riding on went further and further away. The poet's emotions of separation were also dragged endlessly by twists and turns. The word "quiet" makes the gurgling sound of the beach more prominent, as it appears to the reader now. This is a technique of contrasting stillness with movement, which is very expressive. When the poet pulled Li Si back from the hallucination, he found that he was still standing at the place where the two parted. But the evening mist on the river is getting thicker, and the cold wind is blowing, biting the bones. The sparse tree shadows swayed by the water, and the autumn mood became deeper. A feeling of loneliness suddenly struck the poet. These two sentences, one vertical and one closed, are exactly the work of everyone. The farewell thread went away with the boat, expressing endless affection; when it was suddenly withdrawn, the scene felt even more sad. This scene makes me cry.
The last couplet is even more lingering and chewy. The sentence is to say that you should not be too sad when breaking up, but you should work hard and cherish your future. "Farewell" summarizes the previous parting scenes; the word "ge", which means "walking" and "staying", also plays a role in concluding the whole poem. The couplet means that, despite this, I am afraid that my wish to return to my hometown together will not be realized. Han Shishi and Du Fu may be from the same hometown, and the poet hopes to meet him again in his hometown one day. However, things are uncertain and no one can tell for sure these days. The poem ends with such endless sincerity. The word "feeling afraid" is used very well. It vaguely reveals the poet's worries about the future. It echoes with "sighing that everything in the world is wrong", which is meaningful.
This is a farewell poem, but it does not fall into the cliché of writing about "sad and sorrowful" feelings. The poet's pen is vigorous and flexible, embracing the worries of the country's refugees and his personal sufferings, and his emotions of farewell are deep and euphemistic. It is an excellent work of farewell poems.
About the author
Du Fu (712-770), courtesy name Zimei, was born in Xiangyang (now Xiangfan, Hubei) and was born in Gong County (now in Henan). In his early years, he traveled south to Wuyue and north to Qi and Zhao. Due to failure in the examination, he failed to pass the Jinshi examination. Later he entered Chang'an and lived a difficult life for ten years before finally becoming a minor official in charge of weapons. The Anshi Rebellion broke out and he was captured by the rebels. After escaping from danger, he went to Lingwu to meet Emperor Suzong of the Tang Dynasty. He was appointed Zuo Shiyi and was demoted to Huazhou Si Gong to join the army.
Later, he abandoned his official position and traveled westward, living in Qinzhou and then in Sichuan, where he settled in thatched cottage in Chengdu. When Yan Wu was appointed governor of Chengdu, he awarded Du Fu the official position of wailang, a member of the Ministry of Inspection and Industry. Yan Wu died a year later, and Du Fu moved to Kuizhou. Later, he left the Three Gorges and wandered around Hubei and Hunan, where he died in a boat. Du Fu experienced ups and downs, chaos, hardships, and wrote many poems that reflected reality and worried about the country and the people. His poems are called "the history of poetry."
Comments on the work
⑴Save your pilgrimage and pay respect to your parents. Fourteen is the ranking of Han.
⑵The first two sentences burst out with great emotion. Han went to visit his parents, so he used Lao Laizi's story to tie the title. "The Biography of Lienv": "Lao Laizi was seventy years old, working as a farmer in five colors, and working as a baby actor." The war broke out and the parents and children were separated, so this incident was not seen. The next sentence pushes it to the bigger picture, to the whole society at that time. It is not just this one thing that is painful to see, everything is abnormal. There are more than one or two people who are miserable. Du Fu always looked at the big picture.
⑶These two sentences fall on the topic, which is a flowing pair. Homelessness means nowhere. Tingwei, the place where parents live, refers to parents. The focus is on the Korean side, so the guest and host are clearly distinguished.
⑷These two sentences are imaginary scenes, not the current scene when saying goodbye. Huangniu Gorge and Baima River are both places that Han must pass when leaving the gorge to the east of the Yangtze River. Huangniu Gorge is in the west of Yichang County, Hubei Province. Old note, Jiangling has Baimazhou. Du Fu cared about the other party, so he specifically pointed out the difficulties and dangers ahead, implying that "we should work hard." The most interesting thing is not to make empty arguments, but to embody feelings in the scene. Gu Chenyun: "The sun is quiet and the sun is cold, and the desolation of the bandit chaos can also be seen." Huang Shengyun: "When the love is true, the words are easy to express, and there are five or sixty-two sentences, and the whole poem is full of color."
⑸Everyone works hard to return home. I used myself as a companion above, so I use the word "ge" to condense it here. Han Shishi must be Du Fu's hometown, so there is a saying that he returns to his hometown together.
Change. The war is going on and I am living in a foreign country. I haven’t contacted my brothers and sisters for a long time, and now I can’t find them anywhere. You have been away from home for many days, and this time you are going to Jiangdong to visit relatives, and that area is not peaceful now. Where are you going to visit your family?
I seem to hear you passing through the quiet Huangniu Gorge. The turbulent river water on the beach emits endless echoes, while the cold wind blows to the bones and the shadows of the trees are sparse on the Baima River in front of me. Friends, after this farewell, we should work hard and cherish our future. Unfortunately, we cannot realize our wish to return to our hometown together.