Notes on the spring snow in Qinyuan in the first Chinese lesson of the first volume of the ninth grade.

Pay attention to the perspective when appreciating this word. The perspective in poetry is not seen by the naked eye, but by the "mind", and the author's mind and spirit are "watching" and observing. In an instant, the poet's mind was free and his spirit was active. As the saying goes, "set the octupole and travel to Wan Ren", the poet uses his "mind's eye" to cater to heaven and earth and pitch the universe. In the process of catering to pitch, the poet saw the vitality of nature and the popularity of the universe. When man's spirit and mind participate in the natural movement of the universe, he will gain infinite vitality. That's why we can write such a vast scene and such a rich world. We can cite many such examples, such as "Looking inside and outside the Great Wall, I am boundless, and I have lost my enthusiasm, dancing in the mountains like a silver snake, trying to compete with the weather" in "Qinyuan Spring Snow". We can clearly see the breadth of perspective, which is the eye of the poet's mind and spirit. Another example is "the sea is cold after the snow in Tianshan Mountain, and the flute is hard to blow." There are 300,000 people in the stockade, looking back at the bright moon for a while ",which is also the effect of spiritual observation. All poems are the poet's careful attention to the universe and nature and his careful appreciation of life.

So a mental observation is enough? There are three popular explanations for why Mao Zedong's first poem is so magnificent: first, it is deep, mountain red is "all over the red" and Jiang Bi is "blue through"; Followed by the number, there are tens of thousands of mountains, and the number of forests is calculated by layers, and there are hundreds of theories; The third is intense emotion. Red and green compete for glory, ships compete for the first place, eagles compete for eagles, and even fish in the water compete for eagles. But here is a question: can everyone write such a magnificent work in the same place in the same season? Of course not. Why? This is not only a matter of literary attainments, but more importantly, all the poet's emotions are devoted to the nature of all things, which makes all things naturally have this bold feature. That is, Wang Guowei said, "I see things, and everything is my color." There are many examples in this regard. For example, "Lotus has no shelter from the rain, chrysanthemum still has Ao Shuang branches", which is the same as writing about mountains. Mao Zedong wrote "All the mountains are red", which is full of vitality; Li Bai's writing "Seeing each other late, only Jingting Mountain" is another kind of detachment; Xin Qiji said, "I see how beautiful the green hills are, and I expect the green hills to see me like this", which is the chic spirit of the mountain; And what Jiang Kui said, "Several peaks are bitter, and the rain in Shang Lue is hazy", is full of sadness. The important reason why the objects are basically the same but the characteristics are different is that the poets feel differently. Comrade Mao Zedong had a strong revolutionary desire at that time and was full of lofty sentiments to make great achievements, so everything was full of vitality in his eyes.

It can be seen that the poet's feelings play a very important role in observing foreign objects. So, is the foreign object just passively waiting for observation, waiting for people to project their emotions on it? Of course not. There is a very important proposition in aesthetics: internal imitation. In other words, people will be influenced by foreign objects. When we look at the steep mountains and the magnificent sea, the majesty and greatness of nature can easily move us, and at that moment, emotions that were not in our hearts will arise spontaneously. In this world, the towering mountains, the surging Xiangjiang River, the soaring eagle and the swimming river fish have also given Mao Zedong great inspiration. In this dynamic natural life rhythm, people's vitality is also mobilized to participate in the popularization of the universe.

The above two points are actually an inseparable whole and a cyclical process. It's just that there are different performances in the works. The poet has certain feelings. He observes foreign objects and projects his feelings on them. This emotional feature of foreign objects in turn has an impact on the poet's emotions. Poets re-project, foreign objects re-reflect, and so on. Some are similar to physical reflection. As Liu Xie said in Wen Xin Diao Long, "you can follow things", "you can wander at will" and "love is like giving, and joy is like answering".

If we look further, we can find another feature of this word: strong subjectivity. Wang Guowei put forward the distinction between "the realm with me" and "the realm without me" in "The Thorn on Earth", and he thought that the aesthetic style of "the realm with me" was grand and strong. To put it another way, it is full of emotion, and it is easy to mobilize readers to enter the same emotional atmosphere as the author. The word "independent cold autumn" really means who is independent, and there is an obvious "I". I saw "Xiang Jiang Bei Qu", "I'm Standing in Orange Island", and I saw "Mountain Red Forest Immersion; The river is full of water, and hundreds of people compete for the flow. The eagle strikes the sky and the fish is shallow. "I feel that" ten thousand kinds of frosts strive for freedom ",so I want to" ask the boundless earth, who is in charge of ups and downs? " The ancient Greek philosopher protagoras put forward that "man is the measure of the existence of all things; What meets this scale is existence, and what does not meet this scale is non-existence. " The proposition that man "is the measure of existence for the existent and the measure of nonexistence for the nonexistent". Wang Yangming, a thinker in the Ming Dynasty, said, "My spirit is the master of heaven and earth. If there is no spirit in the sky, who will admire its height? " The earth without my spirit, who will bend over in its depths; Ghosts and gods without my spirit, who can tell whether it is good or bad? "It is the same meaning. In other words, people are the real subject in this world, so all works are to express people. Grasping this point, we will understand that it is the strong subjectivity that makes the lyrics full of shock.

To sum up briefly: to analyze poetry, we must first pay attention to the change of perspective, which is the perspective of the soul; Secondly, the relationship between emotion and scenery is a reflection relationship; Then there is whether the theme appears in the works, which affects the style of the words.