Classical Chinese type:
In ancient times, words carved on objects to warn themselves or state their achievements were called "Ming". Such as "Humble Room Ming" (Liu Yuxi)
Recording is a form of prose, describing what you have seen and heard. A wide range of materials can be used to describe the beauty and wonder of famous mountains and rivers, record local conditions and customs, reflect the daily life of a person and a family, record major events in a country and express the author's thoughts and feelings. The style of writing is relaxed, vivid and informative, which gives people rich social knowledge and a good feeling. Yueyang Tower (Fan Zhongyan), Zuiweng Pavilion (Ouyang Xiu) and Xiaoshitang (Liu Zongyuan).
Preface In ancient times, farewell was carried out in the form of poetry and prose, which was called the preface of giving and answering. Preface to seeing Ma Sheng off to Yang (Song Lian)
A general term for a kind of articles that explain ancient arguments. And "On" is not much different, so later collectively referred to as essays on reasoning and analysis. Ma Shuo (Han Yu)
A style of expressing feelings and feelings to emperors in ancient times. Model (Zhuge Liang)
Books are a kind of ancient letters. "Thank you for writing a book" (Tao Hongjing)
China:
(A) the Spring and Autumn Period
1. Confucius, formerly known as Zhong Ni, was born in Qufu, Shandong Province, a thinker, educator, founder of Confucianism, and later called a "saint". The Analects of Confucius is a collection of words and deeds of Confucius and his disciples, with a total of 20 articles. It is a recorded prose, and in the Southern Song Dynasty, Zhu compiled it into "Four Books" with Mencius, the University and the Doctrine of the Mean. After the Ming dynasty, it became a must-read in the imperial examination. Chinese review materials for grade three (literature common sense) (compulsory teaching plan design for grade nine of People's Education Edition)
Classical Chinese type:
In ancient times, words carved on objects to warn themselves or state their achievements were called "Ming". Such as "Humble Room Ming" (Liu Yuxi)
Recording is a form of prose, describing what you have seen and heard. A wide range of materials can be used to describe the beauty and wonder of famous mountains and rivers, record local conditions and customs, reflect the daily life of a person and a family, record major events in a country and express the author's thoughts and feelings. The style of writing is relaxed, vivid and informative, which gives people rich social knowledge and a good feeling. Yueyang Tower (Fan Zhongyan), Zuiweng Pavilion (Ouyang Xiu) and Xiaoshitang (Liu Zongyuan).
Preface In ancient times, farewell was carried out in the form of poetry and prose, which was called the preface of giving and answering. Preface to seeing Ma Sheng off to Yang (Song Lian)
A general term for a kind of articles that explain ancient arguments. And "On" is not much different, so later collectively referred to as essays on reasoning and analysis. Ma Shuo (Han Yu)
A style of expressing feelings and feelings to emperors in ancient times. Model (Zhuge Liang)
Books are a kind of ancient letters. "Thank you for writing a book" (Tao Hongjing)
China:
(A) the Spring and Autumn Period
1. Confucius, formerly known as Zhong Ni, was born in Qufu, Shandong Province, a thinker, educator, founder of Confucianism, and later called a "saint". The Analects of Confucius is a collection of words and deeds of Confucius and his disciples, with a total of 20 articles. It is a recorded prose, and in the Southern Song Dynasty, Zhu compiled it into "Four Books" with Mencius, the University and the Doctrine of the Mean. After the Ming dynasty, it became a must-read in the imperial examination.
The latest lecture of Simple Learning Network:
Wang Daji talks about modern literature, Wang Daji talks about college entrance examination composition, and Wang Daji talks about paragraph compression.
Wang Daji talks about classical Chinese reading, Wang Daji talks about poetry appreciation, and Wang Daji talks about sentence imitation.
The five classics include poetry, calligraphy, ceremony, change, spring and autumn.
2. The Book of Songs is the earliest collection of poems in China, including 305 poems from the Western Zhou Dynasty to the Spring and Autumn Period, also known as "300 poems", which are divided into three parts: wind, elegance and ode. The wind, also called "national wind", is a ballad from all over the country. Six meanings of the Book of Songs: wind, elegance, ode, fu, comparison and prosperity.
The first poem in The Book of Songs is Guan Ju.
3. According to legend, Zuo Zhuan was written by Zuo Qiuming, a historian of Lu State, and recorded the political, economic, diplomatic and cultural conditions of various vassal states in the Spring and Autumn Period. It is a chronological history book, a literary masterpiece, and also a historical masterpiece. The Debate of Cao Gui, also known as Chunqiu Zuozhuan, describes the situation of the Battle of the Long Spoon.
(2) The Warring States Period
1, Mencius' name, Yu Zi. Zou (now Zoucheng, Shandong Province) is a thinker and educator. He is a disciple of Kong Ji, the grandson of Confucius. Confucian masters after Confucius. "Confucius and Mencius" also said that people respected "elegance and holiness", advocated benevolent government, and took the people-oriented thought of "people first, country second, monarch second".
Mencius was written by Mencius and his disciples, and there are 7 existing articles. Text "Get more help from the Tao, get less help from the Tao", "Born in sorrow, listed in happiness" and "Fish is what I want"
2. Mozi's name is Zhai. According to legend, he was a Song person, and later lived in Lu for a long time. He was the founder of Mohism in the Warring States Period.
Mozi is a record of the words and deeds of Mozi's disciples and his re-disciples. There are 53 existing articles, and the words he learned are Gong Bo.
(3) Western Han Dynasty
1, Sima Qian is a long-term historian and writer. Known as "Tai Shigong". Historical Records is the first biographical general history in China, with * *130 articles, 10 table, 8 books,12 biographies of 30 families and 70 biographies of people. "Home" mainly records the affairs of governors, and Lu Xun's evaluation that "historians never sing, there is no rhyme" and "Chen She's home" is selected from "Historical Records"
2. Liu Xiang compiled and edited 33 pieces of "The Warring States Policy", 12 policy, which is a national history book. Tang drama does not live up to its mission
(4) Three Kingdoms in Eastern Han Dynasty
1, Cao Caozi Meng De, politician, strategist and poet. Poetry is known as "generous and tragic".
"Three Caos" means that the view of the sea learned by Cao Cao, Cao Zhi and Cao Pi is selected from Yuefu poems, which is the first chapter of Yuefu poem "Out of Xiamen".
2, Zhuge Liang, Kong Ming, Prime Minister Shu, "Do your best for the foundation, and die." Teacher model
(V) Western Jin Dynasty
Chen Shou, Zi Chengzuo, historian. Writing the annals of the Three Kingdoms records the history of Wei, Shu and Wu in the Three Kingdoms period. Longzhongdui
(vi) Eastern Jin Dynasty
Tao Yuanming, hidden name and bright words. The famous "pastoral poet" is called "Mr. Jing Jie" and also known as "Mr. Wu Liu".
Taohuayuan, Mr. Wu Liu, poems "Returning to the Pastoral Residence" and "Drinking"
(7) Southern and Northern Dynasties
1, Wu Jun's Letters with Zhu is a landscape sketch of Wu Jun in the Southern Dynasties, which is called "Wu Jun Style" in history.
2. Liu Yiqing, Ode to Snow, Chen Qingqiu and Friendship Period are selected from Shi Shuo Xin Yu written by Liu Yiqing in the Southern Dynasties.
3. Li Daoyuan
The Three Gorges is selected from Li Daoyuan's Notes on Water Classics in the Northern Wei Dynasty, which records the historical sites related to rivers in detail. It is the most comprehensive and systematic comprehensive geographical work in ancient China with beautiful language. Literary value is high.
(8) Tang Dynasty
1, Li Bai, whose word is Taibai, is named "Qinglian layman" and has the reputation of "poetic immortal", and is also called "Du Li" with Du Fu. His poems are novel in imagination, magnificent in artistic conception and heroic in style. There are complete works of Li Taibai. It's hard to leave a friend at Jingmen Ferry.
2. Du Fu's writing is beautiful, and his poems show the historical process from prosperity to decline in the Tang Dynasty, which is called "the history of poetry". His poetic style is "gloomy and frustrated", and he is honored as "Poet Sage", known as "Du Gongbu" in the world, and "Shaoling is old at night" in posthumous title. He is a great realistic poet. Du Gongbu's collection. Li Shihao, Wang Yue, autumn wind broke the thatched cottage.
3, Bai Juyi word Lotte,No. "Xiangshan Jushi", and Liu Yuxi also called "Bai Liu", there is "Bai Changqing Collection". Spring outing in Qiantang River
4. Han Yu retired, a writer, the first of the eight masters in Tang and Song Dynasties, and had the reputation of "the decline of eight generations of literature". Shuo Ma
5. Liu Zongyuan, with thick words, is a writer and a native of Hedong. He was once demoted as a Sima in Yongzhou, and he wrote Eight Records of Yongzhou, one of the eight masters in Tang and Song Dynasties, and the East Collection of Liuhe.
A hill to the west of the hill.
6. Liu Yuxi's word dream, also known as "Liu 28th", is also called "Bai Liu" with Bai Juyi. Humble Room Inscription is selected from All Tang Wen.
See you at the first meal in Yangzhou.
Wang is an idyllic poet. Su Shi commented that "there are paintings in poems and poems in paintings". Climb to the top
8. Cen Can frontier poet, with rich imagination, heroic momentum and strong colors. He is the historical secretariat. A song of snow sent Tian Shuji Wu home.
9. Li Shangyin's name is Yishan, named Yuxi Sheng and Fan Nansheng, and he is also called "Little Du Li" with Du Mu.
10, Du people, poetry is vigorous and powerful, rich in feelings. Red Wall
1 1. Wen Tingyun, the originator of Huajian Ci School, is as famous as Li Shangyin and is also called "Wen Li". coffee senna
(9) Northern Song Dynasty
1, Su Shi's word Zhan,no. "Dongpo Jushi", a writer, was one of the eight great poets in Tang and Song Dynasties. "Three fathers and sons, all great writers". Su Shi is an uninhibited poet, and he is also called "Su Xin" with Xin Qiji. Su San refers to Su Xun, Su Shi and Su Zhe. Water adjustment, night tour in Chengtian Temple and hunting in Jiangchengzi, Mizhou.
2. Ouyang Xiu was named Yong Shu, alias "Drunken Weng", and was also called "Liu Yi Jushi" in his later years. He was a writer and historian, and was one of the eight masters in Tang and Song Dynasties. Record of the Old Tippler's Pavalion
3. Fan Zhongyan, posthumous title "Zheng Wen", was a politician, writer and strategist, and one of the eight great poets in Tang and Song Dynasties. The story of Yueyang Tower and the fisherman's proud Qiu Si.
4. Wang Anshi, alias "Mid-Levels", was one of the eight famous poets in Tang and Song Dynasties. Climb the peak of flight
5. Sima Guang, a politician and historian known as "Mr. Sushui", presided over the compilation of "Zi Tong Zhi Jian", a chronological history book that recorded the historical events from the Warring States to the Five Dynasties *** 1362. Sun Quan Persuaded Lyu Meng to Study
6. Uncle Mao Dunyi, posthumous title "Yuan Gong", also known as "Lian", is a philosopher. Ailian's Theory is selected from Gong Ji of Zhu Yuanzhang.
(10) Southern Song Dynasty
1, Xin Qiji's name is You 'an,no. Jia Xuan, a famous patriotic poet and an uninhibited school. He and Su Shi are also called "Su Xin".
"Xijiang Moon" and "Broken Fighter" are Chen Tongfu's Fu Zhuang Ci Ji?
2. The famous poetess Li Qingzhao's Yi 'an Jushi, a graceful poet, works Shu Yu Ci. Wulingchun
3. Lu You's concept of words, named Weng Fang, is a patriotic poet. 1 1 There was a storm on the 4th of the month.
4. Wen Tianxiang's "Zero Ding Yang"
(Xi) Yuan Dynasty
1, a playwright of Ma Zhiyuan Opera, is known as "the best in opera", and is also known as "the four masters of Yuan Opera" with Zheng Guangzu, Guan Hanqing and Bai Pu. Tianjin Sha Qiu Si
"Tianjingsha" is a musical name.
2. Zhang's "Hillside Sheep Tongguan Nostalgia"
(12) Ming and Qing dynasties
1, the authors, times and works of the four classical novels.
2. Song Lian was born in the Ming Dynasty, one of the great poets in the third year of the Ming Dynasty (the other two were Gao Qi and Liu Ji), and was called "the head of the founding civil servants" by Zhu Yuanzhang. Preface to seeing Ma Sheng off to Dongyang
3. Cao Xueqin in the Qing Dynasty, whose real name was Zhan, was a novelist. A Dream of Red Mansions, ** 120, is the pinnacle of China's ancient novels. Based on the love tragedy of Jia Baoyu and Lin Daiyu, the novel narrates the rise and fall history of Jia, Wang, Shi and Xue, and reflects the broad social reality in the late feudal society. Xiangling studies poetry.
In Qing Dynasty, Pu Songling was still a fairy and a sword minister, and was called "Mr. Liaozhai" by the world. Guo Moruo praised him: painters are superior to ghosts, and thorns abuse wood. Mountain City and Wolf are selected from the strange novel Strange Tales from a Lonely Studio.
Wu was born in Quanjiao, Anhui Province, and was a novelist in Qing Dynasty. The novel The Scholars mainly describes the activities and mental outlook of intellectuals, officials and gentry in the late feudal society. Fan Jinzhong ju
Shen Fu was a writer in Qing Dynasty. The text Tong Qu is selected from his autobiographical essay Six Chapters of a Floating Life.
7. Gong Zizhen, whose real name is Ding An, was a thinker and writer in the late Qing Dynasty and modern times, and a pioneer of modern enlightenment thought. His ***3 15 Ji Hai's miscellaneous poems are mostly works of chanting and allegory. Written in the year of Ji Hai.
(13) Modern
Liang Qichao is an outstanding figure. He is a government official and the owner of the ice room. He is a representative figure and scholar of modern reformists in China. Together with Kang Youwei, he led the famous "Reform Movement of 1898", collectively known as "Kangliang". This work was compiled as "Restaurant Collection".
(14) Modern and Contemporary
1, a modern Lu Xun, formerly known as Zhou Shuren, was born in Shaoxing, Zhejiang. Great writers, thinkers and revolutionaries.
Prose collection "Picking Flowers in the Morning", texts: "From Baicaoyuan to Santan Printing the Moon", "Achanghe" and "Mr. Fujino"
Collection of prose poems "Weeds", texts: "Kite" and "Snow"
A collection of novels, Na Shout and Wandering, text: hometown, social drama and Kong Yiji.
Prose collection "Essays on Jieting", text: "Have China people lost confidence?"
2. Guo Moruo was originally named Guo Kaizhen, a native of Leshan, Sichuan. Poets, scholars and archaeologists. Goddess of poetry, historical drama Qu Yuan.
Text: Market in the Sky, Silent Night and Ode to Thunder and Electricity.
3. Ba Jin was born in Chengdu, Sichuan, and his original name was Li Yaotang. Riptide trilogy, spring and autumn, love trilogy fog, rain, electricity, prose collection dragon? Tiger? Dogs, works after the Cultural Revolution, recorded at will. Text: date and month
Bing Xin's original name is Xie Wanying, and his works praise maternal love, innocence and nature. Representative works include Stars, Spring Water (deeply influenced by Indian poet Tagore), Text for a Little Reader: Paper Boat, and Talking about Life.
5. Zhu Ziqing, essayist, poet, scholar and democracy fighter, is from Yangzhou, Jiangsu. Text: Spring
6. Lao She was originally named Shu Qingchun, whose real name was She Yu, Manchu. Famous language master, People's Artist, novel Camel Xiangzi, four generations living under one roof, drama Teahouse Wendong in Jinan.
7. Ye Shengtao, formerly known as Ye, is a writer, educator and editor. People from Suzhou, Jiangsu. The Classical Gardens of Suzhou
Foreign countries:
1, Soviet Russia
(1) Pushkin, a Russian poet, is known as the "father of Russian literature". His masterpieces include Ode to Freedom, Ode to the Sea and Ode to Chaadayev.
Text: "If life deceives you"
(2) the Russian writer Chekhov, and French "Mo Bosang", the United States "Europe? Henry is called the world's three great short story masters together. "Masterpiece" The Man in the Condom ". Ralph, the protagonist of the text "Chameleon"
(3) Gorky's The Greatest Representative of the Soviet Proletariat (in Leninist), autobiographical trilogy Childhood, On Earth and My University, the hero's name is Alesha. The text "Haiyan" is excerpted from the end of "The Melody of Spring", originally titled "The Song of Haiyan".
(4) Suhomlinski, a Soviet educator, whose masterpieces are One Hundred Suggestions for Teachers and Dedicating My Whole Heart to Children. Text message "Letter to Daughter"
2. Britain, Britain
(1) Defoe's Robinson Crusoe, The Remains of a Desert Island.
(2) bacon "philosopher's essays" volume 58, the text "talk about reading"
Shakespeare was a poet and dramatist in the Renaissance. Romeo and Juliet, Hamlet, King Lear and Othello.
Comedy The Merchant of Venice
(4) Keats poet "fruit and fruit"
3. France
(1) Mo Bosang is a world master of short stories. Boule de suif, the representative work, Sunday in Flaubert and My Uncle Christmas.
Hugo was a romantic writer in the 19th century. His masterpieces are Les Miserables, Notre Dame de Paris and 93.
Texts "Letter to Captain Butler about the British-French Allied Expedition to China" and "Speech in Commemoration of the Centenary of Voltaire's Death"
(3) The hero of Dude's The Last Lesson: Mr. Frans Hamel Jr.
(4) Buffon devoted his life to the management of the royal gardens, and spent 40 years writing 36 volumes of natural history text "Horse".
(5) Fabres biologist, The Insect Story is known as "the epic of insects" and as "the model of insect life" by Lu Xun. Green slug
4. America
(1) Helen? Keller, a deaf-mute and blind woman writer, 1964 won the Presidential Medal of Freedom and devoted herself to helping disabled children, protecting women's rights and interests and striving for racial equality. The work "If Give Me Three Days of Light" and the text "Reshaping Life" are taught by Sullivan.
(2) Jack? London's "Father of American Proletarian Literature" and "American Marx" love life. Text "Love Life"
5. Others
(1) Zweig of Austria is good at writing people. The text "The Great Tragedy" and "Lev? Tolstoy (selected from three writers)
(2) The Emperor's New Clothes and The Ugly Duckling written by the Danish fairy tale writer Andersen.
(3) Indian Tagore was the first person in Asia to win the Nobel Prize in Literature, a master of literature. The main poetry anthology "Gardener Collection", "Crescent Moon Collection" and "Birds Collection" text "Golden Flower"
4 polish Mary? Madame Curie won the Nobel Prize twice in her life.
⑤ Lebanese poet and painter Ji Bolun, Song of the Waves and Song of the Rain.