Talking about willows now is mostly weeping willows or withered willows, which is completely different from poplars blowing a lot of poplars in late spring. However, in ancient Chinese characters, Yang and Liu often appear in the same word, and the interpretation of Liu in Shuo Wen Jie Zi is "Master Xiao Yang", which shows that the ancients inadvertently distinguished Yang from Liu. There is a saying that the name of the willow tree comes from giving the willow country a surname of Yang after the completion of the Grand Canal, which is actually a supplementary meeting.
In addition, in spring, flying catkins, soft and erratic, like snowflakes dancing with the wind, are easy to cause people's worries. Liu Yin's thinking of "staying" and "sound" is exactly the meaning of retaining and lovesickness. Although some cultural anthropology studies refute this statement, knocking on the blackboard emphasizes that the original cultural symbol of willow stems from its easy growth and is reproductive worship (well, why did the author read many such studies and finally it was reproductive worship? Anyway, after Liu entered the field of literature, he was a lover, so the intensive study of cultural anthropology was ignored.
At first, Liu Yang's feelings of parting and melancholy remained in the image. There is a saying in The Book of Songs Xiaoya Cai Wei: "I used to go there often, but now I think about it, it's raining". It is generally believed that Xiaoya was written in the late Western Zhou Dynasty. At that time, when soldiers went to war, they would think of Yi Yi Liu Yang and miss their hometown. Later, I don't know who it was. Seeing someone like it, I simply folded one and gave it to the other party when we broke up. Let's see, this method is good. Gifts are free, elegant and convenient. Give them all!
Drawing/white fat swallow
Huang Tu, the third assistant in the Han Dynasty, first recorded this collective tree climbing behavior: "Baqiao, in the east of Chang 'an, is a bridge across the water. The Han people saw the guests off at this bridge and folded their willows to see them off. "BaQiao is BaQiao. According to the textual research of Song people, Baqiao is Chang 'an Road? I pass through Tongguan, so the farewell is mostly here. The wind of breaking willow in Han dynasty prevailed in Guanzhong area, and it prevailed in the whole country after Sui Dynasty. With the certification of literate people, willow has suffered from eight generations of blood mildew. As long as people see me off, they like to break a branch and give it to those who leave, not only to send it, but also to write a poem to commemorate it. Just count, there are two or three hundred poems that have been circulated so far, witnessing the bitter tears of willow trees from ancient times to the present.
Sometimes, people who bid farewell probably think that there are too many people who send willow branches, and some of them are tacky, so they hope to leave no one, wave their sleeves smartly, and not take away a willow. Beautiful artistic conception, but it makes people cry? Refused. This story is included in Yuefu Poetry Collection, which is a poem in the Han, Wei, Southern and Northern Dynasties. The poem "Song of the Willow (Part III)" wrote: "You can't catch the whip when you get on the horse, but you can break Yang Liuzhi. Playing the flute on the bench is for fear of killing travelers. " The protagonist of the poem is about to leave his hometown, and he has already got on the horse. Before the farewell man sent him Yang Liuzhi, he had to get on his horse, turn around and fold it into his arms. This person feels that no one has sent a willow tree to show their retention and lovesickness. They must not love him, and they are depressed. When they arrive at the inn, they must play a willow song to express their sadness.
At this time, most of the northwest minority friends looked puzzled. Liu Ge (IV) records the knowledge of a deer. "Looking at the Jinmeng River from a distance, Liu Yang is swaying. I am from the Lu family and don't understand China's children's songs. " There are no willows in the northwest, I don't understand the cultural symbols of willows, and I have never heard such an advanced farewell song. I can only say with a smile that I don't understand.
Jiao Fang had a famous song "Yang Liuzhi Ci" in Tang Dynasty. When Americans sing to the audience, they must have lyrics, and it has become a fashion to write lyrics for folding willow songs. In today's pop music scene, Lin wrote lyrics for Faye Wong, often with two words in one song, which captivated countless fans. Liu Yuxi, a poet in the Tang Dynasty, wrote lyrics for "Yang Liuzhi Ci", which was a profound skill and was simply an enhanced version of Lin. The Emperor of the Song Dynasty was also a lover of folding willow songs, so Xu Xuan, the minister, silently handed over ten poems of willow branches (which should be made in his seat) and won by quantity.
Li Bai is the most famous person among the audience of Liuqu. In the 23rd year of Kaiyuan, I went to Luoyang, listened to willow songs and wrote "Smelling Flute in Luoyang City in Spring Night":
Yu Di's dark flying sound scattered into the spring breeze in Los Angeles.
In this nocturne, the willow is broken, and no one can afford to be homesick.
If you can imagine the romantic story of the poet lingering in the teaching workshop, it can only be said to be a cliche! At this time, Li Bai was thirty-five years old, but he was still making friends and writing papers, which never got the appreciation of the emperor. Judging from the content of this poem, Li Bai, a young man living in Du Dong, is still thinking about how to get ahead. Suddenly, he heard the flute version of the broken willow song coming from somewhere. In his depression, he inevitably remembered the warmth of home. By the first year of Tianbao, Li Bai was forty-two years old, and his poems were finally taken by Xuanzong, and he was able to worship the Hanlin. At this time, he mentioned the song of folding willow again, and there was no deep nostalgia. His Song of Xia Sai is full of lofty aspirations to serve the country. At this time, Li Bai received the courtesy of the emperor. It is rumored that Xuanzong once went to bed to deliver soup.
Later, Li Bai was demoted to Beijing, and after going to Korea, he mentioned folding willow again, full of sadness. In the poem "Old Laoting" written in the eighth year of Tianbao, Li Baiyun "knows the bitterness and doesn't turn green", and even has no courage to break the willow. Thus, Herry Liu's feelings of parting and sadness are closely related to the poet's mood.
Since the Tang Dynasty, folding willows has become a common practice. In addition to parting gifts, there are farewell willows. Zhang Jiuling's "Slim willow, hold it as a gift" and Li Bai's "Climb the bar to fold the spring scenery and send it to the front of the massage parlor" are all examples of folding willow to give away after parting. Sometimes, it doesn't matter, it's convenient to fold the willow. Secretary Cui Shaojian's Spring Visit to Qingyuan Temple by Yao He in Tang Dynasty recorded the scene of poets and friends visiting the temple. The first sentence is "When the official is free, climb flowers and fold willows." It probably means there are not many things in the yamen. I get up in the morning to pick flowers and fold willows, and then go out to play happily. This move is similar to the behavior that people always like to weave a hat with wicker for an outing at the end of last century.
Such a prosperous wind of breaking willow leaves Liu at a loss. In the Tang Dynasty, Yu's "Folding Willow" said: "Send farewell to the DPRK, hang down the flower buds, and fold all the willow smoke." In the Song Dynasty, Su Shi's "Butterfly Loves Flowers" said, "No matter whether people are around for the second time, the chapters and sentences will be broken." Yang Wanli said "Fold the West Lake willow", Lu You said "Fold the Changting willow", Xin Qiji said "Fold the Wuchang willow" and Yang Xiu said "Fold the Dongting willow". Being taken care of? Let's go What? Why not chew a pen and take a pencil? Gray and fat? /p & gt；
Although willow is a kind of tree with strong regeneration ability, the poet argued for two thousand years and failed to really break all the willow trees. But after all, human potential is infinite. What if I lose it? Therefore, while the poet was folding the willow, he also called on everyone to leave a little way out for the willow. In the Tang Dynasty, Dai Shulun said "Folding willows to find flowers to send the sunset" ("Giving the elderly to Kang"), and at the same time said "Don't fold the willows in the garden, cherish the late spring." ("Liu Song Chu Shi")
As a cultural symbol, folding willows to bid farewell has entrusted people's feelings. Willow bears this yearning and should be regarded as pain and pride. But Song Shu hit the nail on the head and pointed out that even if all the willows in the world were broken, it would be difficult to dispel the sadness. ("Bodhisattva Man": "In the past three years, tears have blown across the river, and peaches and apricots have no spring. It's even harder to leave today if you want to lie with your eyes open. Don't fold the willow in the pavilion, you are still worried. Only when you are drunk, life will be heartbroken. " ) Liu Yemei spit, "What should I do! I am also very helpless! "
Finally, I would like to remind you that in modern social norms, it is uncivilized to climb and fold roadside flowers and trees at will. Breaking willows at will in public places will be fined around 50 yuan. If someone asks, after summer and autumn, only bare wicker is left on the willow tree. Do you want to send a stick to say goodbye at this time? With the elegance of the ancients, how can the change of seasons be difficult for them? "The north wind is freezing cold, and the willow is unbearable. Give me a plum, and I will lose my golden tongue. " (Song Zhonggong's "Send Huai Yu to Your Majesty in the Autumn Room") What do you mean? Cold mouth in winter, send you a plum blossom, get out.
Author | Su Dunfu Editor | Zhao Qianhui Wang Jia
Editor | Deputy Editor Zhou | Yin
Guangming daily Chinese culture suyuanrong spread studio